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Chinese א ס ס 3 ה ס א פוסץ ב = חוה ס דיט הב = ס Arranged and printed in the "Ayalon" printing press, Tel Aviv, 11 Hasharon St. Book Thirty Published by Dadchin Expatriates and the Environment in Israel and the United States: The United States Published by the Dedechiner Associations in Israel and the United States Members of the book system: Book Editing College: From right to left: Stones - Aryeh (Leibl) Beckenstein, Meir Bakalchuk, Abraham and Masha Kulakowski; Seated - Hayyim Rabinovich, Malka Alper and Ezekiel Raban (editors) At the beginning of the book The Book of Remembrance, presented by a group of its editors to the descendants of Darzein; Kolonia-Sineisk And the Alinka, living in the United States, the United States, and other countries of the Jewish diaspora, Designed to serve as a memorial to the saints of the communities, who were shot and slaughtered and strangled and burned And were buried alive in the fields of our town and who fell in battles against the cruel and savage tyrant In the surrounding forests, with their hand gripping the weapon of revenge, their hearts are pounding for the redemption of their people - And were not brought to the Tomb of Israel. Monument is the book for the holy community of Darzein and the localities in its neighborhood - According to her days, her popularity, her deeds and her struggles, from its inception until its extinction over my face The earth. Hundreds of years of Jewish life, for all the grace and suffering folded in my life A Jewish town in the Moshav area of ​​the Tsarist Kingdom and at the back of the anti-Polish state Semitic, reflected in the pages of the book. All this is told, that we and our sons and our sons may know Who was and lived and acted --- and was cut off. A Dozens of Darsin wrote this book of tachron, people of Ya'akov who did not do their job Writing, but the memory of their glorious childhood and youth in their peaceful town and the memory of their loved ones, Who perished in its streets, fields and forests during the war and the Holocaust - all of these They did not give rest to their souls until they put on paper their thoughts, thoughts and stories Their torture and struggle. It was they who brought the stones for the erection of this monument. The book tells the folk tale of Darzein, in the nature of the material delivered above Its pages and style. It does not purport to serve as a synthetic and exhaustive historical overview of All the events described in it - not of the days of the town, not of institutions Its community and actions, neither of the extermination of the Jews during the Holocaust nor of The daring and stubborn fighting of the Dreziens against the Nazi enemy. This is a file of their stories Of many dreadlocks and each of them wrote from his memory what he saw in his eyes From his corner he is, from his street and from his father-mother house. Hence the difference in vision Things and in their description. We did not worry about the pure, objective historical reliability in the choice of material And in submitting it to the reader, what's more so far things are not known in all their details. Discount Us the desire to give the permission to speak and write to all the people of our city and to motivate them to tell On it all the freedom in their memory. We have published the words of all the writers in the language in which they were written. The multiplicity of material was forced Shorten us in some of the lists, without hurting the main points and their spirit. And here it is Obtained from all personal, family and family memories, stories and descriptions Clear, and in our opinion a picture full of light and radiance of the life of our town, saturated with pain and tears of The death of her community and surrounded by the majesty and genius of the heroism of her sons-warriors. A A Jewish town was Dartzin, inside its walls and outside, in its study halls, In the way of life of our ancestors, in the spirit that pulsated the youth movements and parties, in the homes of Her book, in her aspirations and dreams, in her secular days as on Saturdays and holidays. 6 Sepo Darzain Until the end of the ninth century: Ten was dominated by the Jewish Torah tradition, Which filled every corner of its corners. From the beginning of our turbulent century it has been this The national spirit, which determined the character of youth movements, parties and public institutions In particular. It contained the revelations of the enlightened ideals, which stirred the masses of house- Israel in Eastern and Central European countries. We are proudly entitled to miraculously elevate Darzein's share in the Revenge War of The partisans against the Nazi killer. All forest war historians talk about it. Undoubtedly, the fighting spirit of our townspeople stemmed from the national education they received and the affinity Their root to their people and to their aspiration for redemption. A It has been years since the days of the Holocaust and the fighting. It has also been a few years since we approached Collect the material for the memoir and process it. It was not easy. In handing over the book to the people of Drzein, Alinka and Kolonia-Sineisk, we will be grateful To the members of the system for their hard and fruitful work, - first and foremost to Malka Alper, who bothered Tirelessly and dealt with every detail related to the glorification of the book and its publication {; To life Rabinowitz, who borrowed from his miraculous memory the history and past of our town; To my friends The system is illuminated by Kaltsiuk, Arie Bekenstein and the couple Masha and Abrahs-Hirsch Kolkowski, who gave their all in what they could and helped quite a bit in determining its format, its content And the nature of this book. A word of thanks to Hebery; to the Book of Remembrance in the United States "for raising material and funds For publication. Publishers' thanks to a branch of the Yaakov Mishkin family in Venezuela, Who contributed to the funding of this community memory enterprise. To the warrior partisan Shmuel Bornstein, whose chapters are from his book, The Doctor's Company Atlases are presented in this book, and to the old writer in our town Shlomo Yudson, whose number "From three worlds" have been published here Those who do the work of the Book of Remembrance. Ei At the time of the discovery of this tombstone, we will remember R. Chaim-Zvi Sinai-Miller Zeil, who did not stop From his dream of a book of remembrance to the city, to which he devoted the best of his energy and ability as a teacher and as a Zionist Active and operator {We will recall David Rabinowitz Zeil, who invested a lot of work in making the preparations The organizations, in the collection of the material and its pool) funds in Israel and in the soldier for the publication of the book --- Monday These Darzein loved ones did not get to see the fruit of their initiative and toil. A The reader in the pages of the book will dub in a whisper from the bottom of his heart the Kaddish prayer beaten And the death on their distant and scattered graves over the fields and forests of our ancestors And our mothers, our brothers and sisters, our dear sons and daughters, and of whole families That no remnant or refugee remains of them. Therefore we will take the book in our hands with his fear and pity, we will read in it a vibration of remembrance Pure souls and at the end of the reading we will attach vibrating lips to its pages and lines Raising the memory of the saints and warriors. י. Raban, the editor Expected to book The book of remembrance, which the editorial board hands over Of Derechiner, Kolaner and Halinker brothers and sisters who live In Israel, in America and in various countries of the Jew Tenderness is not just a book of remembrance - it is a monument to others Saints, who were shot, slaughtered, strangled, burned and Living shadows in the fields of under shtetl, a tombstone after the Who fell in the battles against the cruel and murderous An enemy from under the regiment in the forests around our town, with their revenge- Arms in hand, with a heart longing for the redemption of the people - And they were not brought to the sepulcher of Israel. A memorial is the book after the Holy Church of Derechin and the Neighboring localities - according to its history, popular vote, appearance and Struggle since her first step hundreds of years ago in the day when she Have been wiped off the face of the earth. Hundreds of years of Jewish life, mid Grace and well-being associated with the life of a Jewish town in the area- The seat of tsarist rule and enclosed in a far corner Antisemitic poles are reflected in the pages of books. This all worth Tell us so that we and our children and grandchildren may know better Who was, who lived --- and was cut off. A Tens of thousands of Derechins have written this book of remembrance, popular people Writing is not their job, but the memories of their childhood Youth in the idyllic town and the memory of their loved ones, Who were killed in the domestic streets, fields and forests - She did not leave it at that until they put it down on a piece of paper Their memoirs, thoughts and descriptions. They all have things brought the Stones from which the tombstone was erected - the SF. It tells the story and describes the way of life By Derechin, popularly and simply written, both in terms of content and Be according to style and tone. The memoir does not want to be considered big Synthetic and exhaustive historical overview of all events, Which are described in it - the history of Derechin, the church and Its establishment and conduct, the annihilation of Derechiner Jews in the Years of war and destruction, the bold, stubborn struggle of the Derechiner against the Nazi enemy. This book is actually a collection of Descriptions and memoirs of many Derechins, and each one wrote From his memory, which he saw with his eyes, from his corner, from his Street and from his parents' home. That's why the descriptions are Various. 8 Sepo Darzain We have not strived for historical, objective authenticity When collecting the materials and working on them and preparing for them Public. In addition, it must be emphasized that to this day there are not Known all facts with their details. We wanted to give the word And wake up to write every single one of our townspeople, that they may bring To express all that you have engraved in their memory and click on them Hearts. We have printed the things in the language in which they are written Became. They gathered a lot of material and we were Forced in part to shorten the memories, not touching the main thing and that Their spirit. Thus arose from all the memoirs, narratives, and descriptions, The individual, family and general social, a clear picture, By Uter review a picture of Derechin filled with light and beautiful of her Life and manners, permeated with pain and tears of her downfall Blessed with pride and fairness of her brave sons and fighters. A Yiddish was derechin, inside between its walls and inside Its streets and alleys, in its study halls, in the way of life of ours Fathers and grandfathers, mothers and grandmothers, Jews in the spirit that has Dominates her youth unions and her parties, in her schools and homes Book, in her aspirations and dreams, Yiddish in her waking and Saturday-Friday days. Until the end of the nineteenth century the tradition reigned in it Of Torah-study, which filled in all its corners. Since the beginning From our tumultuous century the national spirit has judged The content and character of the youth movements, parties and social Business institutions in Derechin. It worked in her life Revelations of the brightest ideals, which have erupted and Activates the Jewish masses in Eastern and Central Europe. We can proudly remember and praise the participation of hundreds Derechiner in the partisan revenge battles against the Nazi killer. All historians of the partisan movement talk about this. The The fighting spirit of the Upper Youth certainly came from the national Education in the educational institutions and of their roots Connection with their people and with their aspirations to be redeemed Of persecutions and slavery. A Years have passed since the war and its destruction. They are already there Away several years since we started collecting the materials To book and they work. Not easy was the task. Delivering the book into the hands of Derechiner, Halinker and Colonel, I feel obligated to thank the members of the Book Thirteen 9 Editorial College for your great and fruitful work, - first of all Thanks to Queen Alfer, who listened tirelessly and to herself Engage in all the details of enriching the content and publishing This book; Thanks and thanks to Chaim Rabinovich, for his help Wonderful memory business The materials for history and past- Proximity of our town; Thanks to editorial staff member Meir Buckal- Chuk, Aryeh Beckenstein, Masha and Abraham-Hirsch Kulakowski for theirs Help, with whatever they could, expand that size and Content and crystallization of the character of the book of remembrance: A fraternal thanks to the members of / American Committee for "Memory book", which collected materials and mobilized money for Book. Thanks to the family of James Mishkin in Venezuela, who has Contributes generously to the fund raising this monument For our dead brothers and sisters. The partisan fighter Samuel Bernstein, from whose book, Flught Doctor Atlas We have taken some chapters for Outer Books, and Dear writer Shlomo Judson, for the published heartfelt manner- Stories by Amalik Derechin, taken from his book ,, of three worlds - Send a heartfelt thank you to those who worked on this Derechiner souvenir-book. A When revealing the tombstone for our community, we will remember R 'Chaim-Tzvi The late Sinai-Miller, who dreamed of a book for the Jews Derechin, to whom he dedicated years as a teacher and as an activist And activist Zionist; And we will remember David Rabinovich Zil, who has put a lot of work into the necessary preparation for Book, collected many materials and self-written, mobilized means and Take care of every little thing. Both expensive derechiners do not deserve it Were to see the fruits of their initiative and horevaniei A Whoever reads the book will quietly, from the bottom of their hearts, whisper it Reindeer, extinct kaddish on the wide, scattered tombs of others Fathers and mothers, brothers and sisters, sons and daughters and all Families, of whom there is no survivor. With awe we will therefore take the book into other hands, Read its pages with a sacred thrill of remembrance of souls, and when we When we finish reading this, we will press our trembling lips to his Leaves and lines, which bring down the memory of the saints and fighters. י. Raban, the editor Sepo Darzain A silent Kaddish Even more expensive Of Abraham-Kaddish pen, Chairman of Derechiner Book of Remembrance Committee in America When I took on the job of chairing a committee Before Derechin's memory book, I knew how big it was Task and even greater the responsibility. We started working on Koor's book in 1964. The first And a general meeting of the Derechin Bnei-Eir about the book of remembrance We had the Sukkot holiday, with the participation of Malka Alfer during it Has visited America. The idea of ​​publishing a rental book has been around for a long time The minds of some Derechiner landslides. We have read in such a book The only way to perpetuate the memory of your little one Shtetl, where we were born, raised and spent Otter zise adolescence. That is the purpose of our book. In him be perpetuated Joy and sorrow, the life and creation, suffering and pain of all others Until they were brought to life in the closed ghetto, Towed to the slaughter, partly inhabited Forests and war fought with the enemy, and in their majority perished On the sanctification of the name, Let the book serve us as a memorial to those who perished in the Graves and fallen in battle, who did not come to the tomb of Israel. Let it be a monument to those who fought valiantly against the greatest Enemy of the underworld throughout its long and eventful history. For Here and for other children, they will serve as heroes who have Defend their honor as men and Jews. Thanks are due to all those who took part in the work And .help help publish the book, some with material and some with his Sefer Darzein and Taxation. Special thanks to the Derechiner Society and its members From the Book of Remembrance Committee, Our Dear Members of the City, Jonah Silkavita, Netsky, Pene Berman, Aide Sarnatsky, Yehudit Yankelevita, Gotte Bayarsky, The President of the Society Bernice, Rachel Ephras, Khaya Pilzer, David Janowski, and last but not least, Secretary of State Rose Siskind and Cashier Sarah Zlatnik, who worked hard and dedicatedly for the Thing of book. With Derechiner Ykur-Book, we set a monument of eternal glory for all Perished and persecuted Jews of the church Derechin. The book here A tear on the scattered and scattered brother-graves of our brothers And sisters, fathers and mothers, friends and colleagues of Derechiner Jews Settlement, which is no longer there. With awe we will take the book in our hands and him Read as a silent Kaddish after our dearest. Kislev Tashkis - November 1966 פמדיזזזאסס אססם אאואטווב Azas and Na Watz Osawatt 5 8 Sat e 19808 C. From Panmzsmatm It i Sao { אנגאוע ת צצצסאאף 1 8 Sast 0 Prophecy: Glass Joseph 8. Moved (S. 1 Acef 888 Hasap Mazafot 058 a. Travel .304 Welsh 362 Tsafesaget tatsza 0 0, 1 ad u צפדטאאאא 5 6 אש 180 Asuishp 1 Tzaad 1 Azagan Show slides and friends: You're already booked, we're going to the Derchchiner Landslide In addition to our compatriots in Israel, Arn Euen A small Acher was high tit culture, genius, e ' A monument after our stone You, if you bear b. Ancient times, pictures that h Us of the first From war, tribute with Us she will - This zzem nim be in Rumors are circulating 7 Illuminated. Aya. Landslide, so hurry Et, should i A brick to Essay. After you and again, and again, To hear from you in the next t ' Tit fraternal groom, Tz 2 and 6 Z 566, Sauopop Sach Money orders and checks should be made in the name: Don't worry about it ... : Z 6 ZT 33 SZD, Asuozzu / 588 : 3061 kwzs / s. , גסוזשוחא / חו / 180036 זסחווסוסז 6 ם סוח, סח טסץ 85 The Sakuts 8 Sahohmostak 26 | .⁇ אוווסצתה⁇⁇ האיסוסוחסו! Zhs Zsz 8008 , Sztwatts Haz Yiz Fahat 11 Zach; צָוֹשָׁ פֹז סכ 'זאו פוווד. 6616 Sui 5 zeuzahz 26/060/668 zes zs}, haisu zts zs! זתפחחטחוסוח. Assam 1708 Tzuhu Hoz .z 2 / Shu! 8160 zsrhsrhuhzs 6t || zar eshu 6608 01 3 Septsu! Zs otzup hzzzzz sztususn 8 stsma tsts +1 Chas Zow 8 Sub Vazau Ohhs; Zes haz z 3 szsukhan 06 susfm 66 | חחושסס 16 סו / ו 5606 856 ס | כן, חוהסוססס חו 1116 01 עמש סוח Hu Pzzvz 106 Zhstz Sahvz 6 MSM 8719 5T Hasp 8 Utts Tse 14 Sofas Foz hush! Evoussex Grace,! Zget tuzs / e, tshsvmkukh 88 zs, ssussts סח 1 8 סח 8 16 ט / 5 פסכן 85 חסספ 85 צט 10 11 560 015856. || See Suzesh 080/01/8 u / 66 Wz et ssusszesz st vashi sztusuk sah | fuzsuguh . ססוח / זכ סט '|| זאש, ותצזסוחו 1 ס (סוח} זא ץסוז זסצסוגועש סח Test 8 0515 Tzuhu Sao! Est 8 / and kills 18 Evzash Evmztuma - / סחגח 1} 8 זסחז 60 | ס 8 זפן חו זוסospח 8! זטסס .5 ז 8 / | סס סח 2 צטסו 5 סו 4 Su 8261 SAR 6 ZS 1 SZZWZ / 6 / S 811 HAS ISHU HAMHU SSTT 8 S TWESZ ZZZ AWM חס / ותכוזוההסס 5 טסזסחס זטסץ 3 ט 3806, זפ זטסץ סס 1686, טסץ Sush Tests / S 1036 ZS! {Wozza Ahmah 1 009 .0856 580160 Tzuhu Zas} .Khs ztsuzukhs zusvz abroad zkhs {680 Zhu 8 And set 8 / sts shsach; / 'H 065 SW I Z 6 W / W 61610 Sakhsaf Shusha Shatz 11 66 סחם {חסזטןוווף זשס סו סצ / ם, סוח סו 188 סספו, 1 סס | סזכן צוּ . צזסושטוזוחסס ס! Sahsarh 6t || - / 016: 0 vas-zs-utchi zhse su suzesh ./1zsuhs This is 1/6 5 T Su Sah 8 Zs. -Hachsr / z 116 sett || zhsh sed (sah 8 80065565 חו טסץ חזזז! זסו ס 1 ז 66 ס 116 - .צ 8 / סס זסח סם 216836 .085 S + 8 PSTSTS EVMHZ 1186 Hpuzzupus, 1008 and Ahhagham 10 16 כעקן 5 וסטזס אסכסוח זס 616645 פאסחז 18296 Pizzavwas Assem 8 from the Pewszufsopps Safatz And sent to: : 10 5600 Sah .Ts., A Message from American Memorial Book Committee to the Landslide 12 Book Thirty Book of Remembrance Committee in America: From right to left - Standing: Sam Berniker, David Janowski, Eide Sarnatsky-feather. Mrs. Berniker, Shimon Berniker zl, Kaddish Feder (Chairman); sitting: Good Bayarsky, Rachel Ephras-Feldman. Ruhama Ziskind-Abelovich (Secretary), Sara-Beilke The late Zlotgikayyanovsky (cashier), Tsirl Kamenetsky-Friedman, Yehudit Yankelevich-Lantsevitsky. Book Thirty 13 To our Derechiner brothers and sisters in America Hello and congratulations! The years go by and they are gone More than 28 years after the destruction of ours Precious in the ghetto and in the forest, from the cold And famine, or in battle-field of the Bloody hands of the Nazis and their collaborators Helper, Our sages once had a blessed memory Said that with every soul that comes to him And it shall be cut off, and destroyed with it Whole world. And here are only in dere- Chin perished so many worlds in pipe Witness and in encourage resist this Enemy, often with empty hands or with Small arms - fathers and mothers, children Lech, grandfathers and grandmothers, teenagers, sons and Daughters and after and after. All of us who have bare feet Or in boots stepped on Derechiner Earth; Which have in childhood in Saturday summer days rolled by fast Mount Down (there, opposite the palaces- Barracks); Who have wandered in the Frisades on Zhetler highway, or in Ager-Sad - summer time, in the shade of the Chestnut-trees, and autumn-time, when the Trees have taken from themselves shed the Yellow-golden leaves along with the cash- Tones, and they have roared under the Pais - == - All of us who see it all today Fog of blood and destruction, remember each Minutes that there, in that earth, lie - Not on the graveyard, not on the old and not on In the new - perhaps more dead Jews than In all the years that Derechin has existed As a Jewish town, Let each of us stand in the hearts of the Tombstone, the painful memory, but according to It is also a Jewish custom for everyone A tombstone, a stone on a grave. Go set a Stand on brothers' graves, which make sense Spread over fields and forests, too Which miken do not even accrue. They are Under the rule of those who hold Itself as the bearer of progress and equality Eligibility for the whole world - for Everyone, "Crome Yevreyev"! Let each of us have the tombstone before The eyes, in the form of a book, of Izkur- Kuch, in which stand with holiness and love Memoirs, descriptions were collected Gen, expressions,. Stories and songs about All that we have lost in ours Home-town. We want to perpetuate it The names of those who perished on Kiddush- Name in the ghetto and of those who fell In battle against the greatest enemy of Jews Hawk. Let future generations learn of these Pages of our memoir that they stem Of working, productive parents, which Have, building for themselves a life, also built That country, whose "step-citizens" they are Were, from parents who fought for A better morning for yourself and for that person, For the Jewish people and for other nations. The next generations may look into it Book. On us lies the duty and the mitzvah, According to the expression of the Torah - and you memorized them Your children, repeat it to your children, Show them the pictures, tell them the ig- Keep and do everything in order for them to approximate To their parents. Strengthen your hands. Do what you can to Making the book richer in content, more beautiful In appearance and affordable in price for Every single one of our derechiners, With regards, on behalf of all Malka Alfer 14 Sepo Darzain At the time of publication of the book / David Rabinovich ZL In all cities and towns of Poland and Lithuania has no male left. There was not even one who swelled tombstones On the tombs set. The only way To perpetuate the memory of the nante and Dear victims and of the beloved and un- Forgotten hometowns and towns is Just by picking up memories and descriptions Of those who survived and Publish this in souvenir-books, which Tell the story of the deceased Churches and exterminated Jews, as well as Tell the story to future generations Of Jewish resistance in the ghettos and Welder - A story of indescribable Heroism, which was revealed after the Long, painful history of Jewish bi- Millennium Exile as a Bright Radiance Lung of our national, heroic ui- Born in Ozner's own country, Big cities and small towns have Already published their souvenir-books. Already Long is also in the circles of Deret- Beautiful crowd planned and done ahead Reception for Yaakov Mishkin and wife Publish the funk-derechin. It is out- An editorial board was elected Took on the task of Collect All Materials - Memoirs, Descriptions- Books, photographs, historical material, A. D. Gal, A particularly difficult and important work Was collecting the necessary funds For book. A significant amount of help was provided Our son Jacob Mishkin from Venezuela. In the early fifties he visited For the first time in the State of Israel. James Mishkin contacted me And with Chaim Rabinovich and soon us Asked how he could help the Exodus from the Derechins, who- Nen arrived in country after the war and After the destruction of Eastern European identity. We still did not think about publishing- Give us a notebook, and we'll have it Proposed to establish a charity fund, In order to help with unpaid loans the Needy of our town, he said 15 Soon donated for this purpose 2 thousand Pound and after one thousand we have, the Ish- Rolling, formed among themselves. Pretty rehab-grace- Dim-Case still exists today, With a couple of years later, during second b- Search of the Mishkin family in Israel, is Already in the Derechiner circles matured The idea of ​​a souvenir-book, in memory of ours Perished Church. We have been- Ask them for help publishing this funk- Derechin. James Mishkin soon contributed Given 3 thousand pounds for this purpose and Mrs. Sophie Mishkin did, at a later date Visiting the country, enclosing her donation - Another thousand pounds. Jacob's both sisters Have, visiting Israel, spent 600 pounds. Over the last few years we have too Received money from the Derechiner in America- Rica, Canada, Argentina, South Africa and From other countries, wherever they are Derechiner. In Israel itself, too. A sum of money was collected This purpose. : U 4 { Vi ּ / 4: F: F A 5 Novogrudok: 0 . 8 / 4 ' '4 234 / C / 'Vi 41 vi 1 Zal Nakritki and ? 2 r 5}. ! 9 Nuniannih) s- = d * / tsiyu u g the 77 y / {Veda-Janurtka di UT D = A.) u Z 1 2 == 1 ui ! Vanka-Vena "= Ya Kozhukhazina Fu: = =: Pozuneg! *, Rather tangil / y A. Drsin = P 6 / = Malkbisk Bypassed Tinkavits // Btranub Yes C +, I AT 134 = D D D D D 7 C 2 All Y. A. {2222 Dry: : Lak Yes? 5 Zernitsa Min 5 a 17 0 א י 2 /*.* + r) 4 a A. 22 and In Japan +/Rona And s Thirteen Derechin Inside in you Surrounded Her surroundings There used to be a town Was once a small town 19 Derechin by Amal / Hayes Rabnavich Between the borders of Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine is in the Nebula Century- Ter of the second half of the Middle Ages Lying half-desert a wide land, flat, with Lots of water, leaves and forests, with Lean soil and with a sparse command- Kerung in fortified castles and towns And in poor villages around princes Palaces. These are the vast areas of Later Belarus, whose borders Were never precisely determined Became and which came to self- Always after the Russian octo- Bear Revolution, as part of the Soviet Union And one of Zyge 15 republics. Over the course of the last 776 centuries Belarus has responded to a number of media Eastern European countries, starting with Lithuania Shan principality, later transferred to the Rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Oggy And remained within the borders of Poland until her Partition. After the division of Poland began Belarus under Russian rule Until the First World War, in which The Germans occupy virtually the entire area Stay there until the end of the war. After a short reign of the Red Army Becomes the entire western part of Weiss- Russia incorporates into the new Poland- Share Republic and this lasts until the outbreak Of the Second World War. Scarce two Years later, the region returned to Belarus. The Soviet power is overthrown after that Attack by German troops, during which the Nazi assassins dominate already in the former Weeks after their attack all over Belarus and Housewives there just as they have it Done in all countries of occupied territories Rap. In 1944 she fled the area, Under pressure from Soviet military and Leave over a poor, starved and Plundered piece of land, virtually without its former ones Jewish settlements in the cities and towns. From then on, the half-emptied Region returns to the Republic of Belarus. The real ruler Finn the huge territories Were, however, until the beginning of the 19th Century, not the countries to which these Area has concerned, only the princes Families who received as a gift and Inherited villages and towns with the much Thousands of acres of land around it and ruled Over the property with its population According to their identity. Derechin in her beginning In western part of Belarus, who Located close to the Polish border, finds Derechin historians are inclined Accept. That the first beginning of the Chin as a settlement were made Somewhere-when on the borders of 14th and 5th century. Derechin is there Built on trade-slash, which Led from Slonim to Gradne. This The town is 232 km away North-west of Slanim, 46 wierst north Of Ruzhnoy. To the northeast of Derechin Fly the shchare on her way to pour Her waters into Nieman entered. Derechin Itself lies on the stream, which the ancients grabbed Called "Zelwa", but the later- Dike adopted the local name Sa Paya, whoever is over time- Worn on toys the ship. It's pre- 20 Tended and assumed that the name "Sapaya" does not date from the earliest times Of Derechin, but of the later, When the Sophias became the Sovereign of small town and its environs. Derechiner inhabitants, and with them too Many others who were acquainted with Town and thought about him, talked and Written, connect the name and the beginning Of their hometown with the name of the Princely Safiha-family. Of different These twelve historical and chronic, Gets the impression that Derechin has From the beginning, the Sephiric Dynasty. But one begins to rummage through old age Books and documents are read, oh Derechin with the large land-areas around You have gone through various incarnations Until the Sophias gained control About them In the second half of the 15th century- There, the Lithuanian "Polish king Kazimir" Yagiella gave away Derechin as a gift His triumphant nobleman Vasyl Kapatsevich. The Son of Kazimir, Alexander Jagiello, said Later reaffirms the gift that Is already inherited over to Vasyl's son Isaac Kapatsevich. That might not have been so important Tell all the details, as well as the ones Will be brought even further when she Would not have had a direct relationship, thus As Jewish historians think, to the History of the Jewish Population in Lithuania and Belarus, and anyway in Derechin. Here is an interesting fact Concerning the rule of the above-mentioned Prince Alexander Jagiello. In the year 1495 He ordered the expulsion of all Jews from Lithuania. The trade and the development of the Regions under his rule So greatly shaken that he Book Thirty Was forced with 8 years later, In 1502, re-upload the issue- Benefit Jews and settle them in their predecessors Residents. They were called again Fill in the blank boxes of anti- Semitic king. Later, already as a Polish- King of Lithuania, he appointed some Capable Jews as financial advisors in his Royal Apparatus. Some also have Chinese Jews suffered from deportation and back- Came home to set up theirs Destroyed homes, shops and workshops. To the Lord of Derechin, to the Capuchins, He certainly also assured a certain Number of new Jewish inhabitants. In those years, on the threshold of the 15th Century, one must look for the beginning of The Jewish community in Derechin, though Individual Jewish families, herdsmen, toll-on Tax-men, have been there before There, along with a number of Jewish beli- Crafts. An interesting fact is confirmed by the News about the crisis that dominated the Territories of Lithuania and Belarus of which The Jews were expelled: in a year 1, A couple years before Jews were back Called to come and settle the regions, Said the sister of Isaac Kapatsevich, The wife of Prince Michael Sangushek, over- Wrote a large part of her grid and Peasant-servants in the name of the church, But the overwrite was invalid Only until her death. When she died All the gods return to their heirs: To her son, Angie Sangushek, to her son-in-law Semen Bahdanovich, Prince of Adib Tsevich, the husband of her daughter Nastasia, And to her second son-in-law, the prince Ivan Angieevich Palubinsky, her husband Daughter of Niewidana. The Palubinskis have Later bought also this part of the Adintseviches. Bought it the prince Alexander Palubinsky, the Castellanets Book Thirty (Spiritual chief) of Novogrudok, whatever Was thus around became full governor of Perfect Derechin and its surroundings. Only falls at the end of the 17th century Derechin down under the rule Of the Sophiehas. The daughter of Alexander Hilary, the marshal of Greater Lithuania Grand Duke, married to Prince Yezhi Stanislav Safieha and as Ndn presented She derechin him with her gitter. This is Held in 1686, From then onwards Derechin went to the famous The princely dynasty, which does very Much to transform the city as a seat Of the Sophiehas. They helped out- Build a large part of the houses, in Which were settled by Jews and Christians Invited to live and work in the Chin. They also provided building materials Setting up shops, study halls, Exactly 100 years after Derechin Across to the Sophiehas, and perhaps also with The intention to pay the important date for The princely family, in the year 1786, is- 21 Placed the family palace. With This time the Sophiehas passed In their new Derechiner palace hundreds- Art paintings, books and all sorts of expensive things Jewelry from their Ruzhnoyer seat. So. Derechin became the headquarters of the Sapihas. The activist of the Sophiehas Rome builds the palace and the city is Was the great hetman and chancellor Of Lithuania Alexander Safieha. In 1831, After the collapse of the Polish uprising Against Russia, is the palace with everything that In and around him was confiscated by The tsarist power comes from the hands of Alex- Sanders son, French. The suffixes are Thus expelled from Derechin, however Their name remained in place for many years Memory of the Derechin population, Which had in them seen the drill of the City. Jews - the real farmer Indeed the Sophias were the drillers Of Derechin? Officially it is so pre- The Safieha-palaces 22 Writing in historical books and chronicles, But when one begins to search and find everything Facts of the Next Derechiner In the past, it became increasingly clear that the real thing The Jews of the city were farmers. The road that Poland has is well known Selected in the Middle Ages to build Her cities. She invited Germans, them Settles on Special Rights and Privileges In the city centers, so they should Develop the craft, the trade. This is There was a great immigration of Germans Citizen no Poland on the basis of the a. C. Magdeburg right? "But the Germans Colonization has largely embraced the Polish cities, no Belarus are the Only a few Germans went. The fact that in Derechin was A street named "German Street" brings On idea a virtually-certain hypothesis about Germans, who were once, with hundreds Years ago came no Derechin, probably At the invitation of the princes, and pro- Please set up a small one there. Industry. Points out that the kind of German colonization is in Derechin Failed. In the last ten years Was known in Derechin only one German family who came " Dealing with uberi. In the course of For centuries the Germans have been away from Derechin, remained is the city in her Vast majority and according to her boy and Character A Jewish. After the Germans was bu The last world war was only one Memorial - the name of a street. It is also on the mind of the mind of Historian Dr. Raphael Mahler that in the Lithuanian and Belarusian cities entered German hermits were brought soon After expulsion of the Jews in 1495. may be that So it was with Derechin, however This happened soon after. Return of the Jews no Derechin is the Book Thirty Construction of the city fell mainly on the Jewish shoulders. From an old document we know that in The year 1550 saw Derechin, along with Zhetl And Dworts, belonging to the Slonimers' Church, It is clear, in any case, that the Jews in Derechin were already organized then, The first document, which tells About Jews in Derechin, derived from year 9. From a second document, dated 1766, We find out the number of Jews in Derechin In that year - 404 people. About year 7 is told that the number of Jews in Derechin is 542. January 1, 1878 has The total population was 2269. Inhabitants, of them 1725 Jews. In 1897 were in Derechin were 1887 Jews. Then came The years of emigration overseas Traveling in the big cities and from Elijah no Palestine, so that the number of Jews in 1921 Is only 1396, and their percentage in the General population also fell From 1196 to 61,796, In 1897 there were 227 in Derechin Jewish artisans, in this the greatest Group - 71 shoemakers : 46 day laborers: 8 factory workers. 6 families stoned themselves Busy with gardening. And then comes the long list of institutions- Tan and Relief Societies, which were Active in Derechin as early as 1897 Year, with over seventy years ago, and Which testify to a developed society Business activity: giving alms, trust Falling, naked dressing, sleeping in justice, Knesset Guests, visiting patients a. And, And even more disturbing in the number of Educational Institutions - A Talmud-Torah and 15 Rooms. Derechiner Jews have always cared For the education of their children. Is actually worth a little broader discussion And tell about emergence, vox, ant- Weakness - until the tragic destruction of Yiddish Derechin. Book Thirty Thus Derechin arose That being said, Derechin has been around for many years The residence of the famous Lithuanian- Polish prince-family Safiha. They did It is on the banks of the river Shifa up- Set of large two-story palaces Surrounded by a wonderful beauty Park. Alone had cut the park in The length and breadth and at their sides had Old, tall trees, Among them are many fruit trees. A special Barneys have these types of barrens. Grew in their garden and he did Actually bore the name of the prince- Family - "Safiezhankes". By the park, at the beginning of town and Opposite the great palace, where it is Started on German Street, stood- Near the "empty mountain", overgrown with antiquity Lives. In park and on, "empty mountain" used to Come cool in the summer Saturdays the Derechiner Jews with their joys and Children. A legend has circulated in Derechin and was delivered from Generation after generation that the heal in Mount have themselves Once drawn under the ground of Derechin Until Rozhnoy. Both towns were once Belongs to the Sophiehas. The distance of Derechin to Ruzhnoy is around 50 km- Ter. The tunnels were dug, he says The legend, for protection-purpose The same legend tells indeed that with Hundreds of years ago it was lost This ruling prince built a small town Around his residence. To this end he said Brought from Lithuania by 30 Jewish families, Mainly artisans, as tailors, shredders, Stallions, molars, and also some hand- DLS-people. He gave them boy-mat- Reals of his forests and they had themselves Built houses. According to his order is in A commotion was established with the town. 25 Places creed shops ", in the form of a There were about 30 shops in it "Riyadh". Later he also helped on- Build the great walled school, by the side Of which it was subsequently found the A. C. Old cemetery. The tombstones on this Cemeteries are already at the end of 19th Century were so heavily worn out And overgrown with mak that the letters had Himself virtually not appeared. He did It is estimated that the cemetery is ancient 0 years From the hill Jews, brought down Cain Derechin to settle down, is with the times The Jewish population grew out of this Shtetl, whose number is before the last catastrophe Reached up to a three thousand souls. Tombstone of R 'Yaakov Ben Zeev Beckenstein 24 It is also very often told in Derechin, that this two-story house in Beginning Zelver and Slonimer streets is spe- Target was built according to Caprio of One of the suffixes she has Gloucester saw from window of his palace At the beginning of German Street the house opened Ek Zelver, two streets that intersected Drawn with a straight line from one end Shtetl to the second, intersecting this Market Square. The same street was the Only on which it won in Most Christian-Catholic; Shanes ", with individual Jewish houses in between They, The stories and legends, as well as a number Established facts about the past years Of Jewish Derechin I have crucified in My memory is still from those times when I did Studied Gemara with the oldest Derechiner Sepo Darzain Rabin, R. David Chaim Shimons, Aid A to the shelf Already then, at the end of the 19th century a Elder of a year 80. He used to tell it Us, his disciples, various things which He had heard of his grandfather and who he was Transmitted from generation to generation. A part From his stories finds a confirmation In the few documents and works of Historian. The first Lithuanian Jews, genuine folks- People who have been with the times Materially sound incorporated throughout the work And both by trade, also promised, According to the Jewish manner, to provide for the spiritual Future of their children. Thus is formed Became the Talmud-Torah, in the edifice Between school and old cemetery. There are Built after seminaries. 2 Masonry and one carpenter, as well as a Special Beit Midrash for the artisans and West of Kikar-Yehshok West side of Market Square Book Thirty Workers, "the wheat." Some landlords Used to send their children to study in sla- Nimer seating. For the underage daughters care Jews descended from foreign idioms Scholars and scholars, who have Given long years chestnut for them to have The opportunity to sit on the Torah and work. Such are the Torah and the good deeds Became the content of Jewish family life And of the Jewish community in Derechin. This Shtetl reveled in her fame Rabbis, geniuses and great scholars during All years of her existence. Derechiger Rabbis It floats on in our memory of the Further past, from the last before Hundred years, the names of the famous 25 Rabbis, with whom Derechin cried And bought there: R 'Eli Chaim Mizl Etc., which later became Lodger Rabbi: R 'Yasele Schlufer - after Slonimer Rabbi: R 'Sholem-Ber - later Kletsker Rabbi: Rabbi Yosef Zundel - Aishishker Rabbi: Rabbi Leib Bialiblatsky --- Lunar rabbi, died in Derechin: Rabbi Flatkin - Later Smar- Ganer Rb; And the last RB. Rabbi Ba- Kalchuk, killed by the Nazis Together with the entire Jewish community, All of the above rabbis Take an honorable appearance in the rabbinate World, The procedure of taking A RB used Employ the whole community, and especially The leading group of the town owners- Houses. The local landlords, known as Lum- Dim, used to travel acquainted with the Proposed candidates and those who ran East of the market square East side of Market Square 26 Listed as more appropriate care eg- Are invited to deliver public sermons The Great Synagogue or in Beit Midrashim. Perfect Derechin, merchants and shopkeepers, Belly Crafts and laborers (who were then called In everyday language, "the crowd"), Child and Kate used to go hear the sermons and Take an active part in choosing this Eligible candidate. The chosen rabbi Used to be received with greatness Parade and after writing the rabbinical writings Great celebrations took place. Tell us about Rabbi Shalom Ber Grandson Elijah Haranzan,. The son-in-law of R ' Joseph Rabinovich, who won a Longer time in Derechin and finds himself Since 1932 in Israel, the following character- Terrorist rabbinical history: Rabbi R 'Shalom Bear was a great scholar and sage, and In addition, a rare worshiper. He used to Always pray on holidays Page and was very popular in Derechin. In recent years, every town has taken its name Also a cantor, who had to be in addition a Shochat. R. Shalom Ber, Els understands cantorship, Has consistently not allowed to take any butcher who Is ostensibly also a cantor. For his praying He did not use the page during the terrible days Take no pay for yourself, he said For a number of years, this has been the case Money and for this the rabbinate built- House, which was located on the school- Yard and served for many years as a home Din Shtuv ", Once upon a time, the people wanted to Take a cantor who also had to be Slaughter - against the will of the rabbi. This has This RB is very upset. Chance is exactly Then arrived a delegation of Kletzker Jews And brought R 'Sholem Bern a finished scripture- Rabbinate. Being angry at community who did not Asked to take a cantor-slaughter, R ' Book Thirty Hello Bear accepted the invitation and issued- Traveled no kletsk. Later, after the death of Rabbi Leib Lunar, Wanted to take a rabbi R 'Shalom Beers son, R 'Chaim Shimon (the father of Elijah Harranzan), but as it is in those Days passed away R 'Sholem Ber in Kletsk, Did R 'Chaim Shimon go out there for- Step in his father's place. One of the last rabbis, Rabbi Platkin, Held the chair of rabbinate after pre- The late Rabbi Leib Bialiblotsky. Known With the name of R 'Leib Lunar. Rabbi Platkin said Had a broad concept in the higher Polish spheres, and when Derechin is ari- But in Poland, the then-Polish Foreign Minister Safiya, unveiled Grandson of the Derechiner Safieha- Dynasty, realizing that in the mother- Licker residence of his grandfather occupied The rabbinical chair of Rabbi Platkin, published by him Demanded no Warsaw and sent as Delegate to America to be there Negotiate financial aid for The newly formed Polish monarchy. At the time of the first Polish Occupation, of which the Derechiner Jews Have suffered much trouble. Said Rabbi Flatkin Take advantage of his connections and auto- To escape from arrest and from Punish some local youths. It's Known the story with the Finsker girl, Who was accused in Communist Espionage and was sentenced to death, Rabbi Flatkin has given his all Authority, traveled alone in Slonimer Prison and from there rescued things Innocent condemned girl, guarantor- Thick for the higher power, during his acti- Who intervenes that he is confident in you Innocence, The rabbis were much more than religious. Gentile leaders of their church. In the ancient Times the rabbi was the custom of the Book Thirty Witness, inwardly and outwardly. He was It decides not only on questions of kosher, But also the judge in various disputes Among the Jewish inhabitants, the spiritual Educator, the supervisor of the article Talmud-Torah. He used to study Talmud with The local youth in the society Shas, Hold frequent sermons in the study halls and Influences his spirituality on the course of Jews Live. The salary of the rabbis was very high Small and they used to deduct their income from Sell ​​yeast on Saturday challah and candles. The rabbis used to deal with these things, Because the rabbis themselves used to be busy with Learning and with community affairs, Until the beginning of the 18th century was the Jewish community in Derechin was led By elected so-called, Franci- Months ". It used to be selected 12 Landlords and every one of them used to Rule a month time. Enough, earners "the stone Conducted with all community affairs and have Even had the right to punish a guilty Jews and he kept, arrested ", forged To the, cune? "In a corner of the great School, The rabbis did not just judge in the dispute " Kim among Jews. Did not even meet, That Christians who have had serious money- Disputes with Jews, were not going on "Secret", in royal court, only to the rabbi of Yiddish audience. Most of them were happy With a verdict that the rabbi used to issue. Fritzes from the nearby area around Derechin, who used to sow special seeds Fields of wheat for the Passover meal, It was customary to invite the rabbi in Enter field so that the necessary work can be done To be carried out under his supervision and al Let them be kosher legally and religiously. Some of these Priests also used to send to the rabbi every evening Passover, instead of "wheat flour", potatoes and Various vegetables to share between the 27 Needy Jews on holiday. The Good owner of Alexandre, A good lem Derechin, used to come in every Yom Kippur evening- Send some big furges with straw And this unfolding on the school-yard. The children Used to carry it every single one in His father's beit midrash and spread it On the floor to make it easier The worshipers stand and pray all day In mere things, without boots. Deu Beitimdrash - Spiritual Center In the schoolyard were concentrated the Schools and study halls. There stood The Great Walled School, 2 brick houses Midrashim and one wooden Beit Midrash - The latter listened to Hevra-Kadisha, In the fall of the wooden beit midrash is years Long stood the purification-board on which I used to carry the dead out. To this day Remember how scared we were, in The childhood enters into wood Beit Midrash for the Tahara board. The seminaries served in those Ancient times as spiritual centers and the Educational institutions of the whole Jewish Population. Except that which virtually all Jews from small towns with their children used to 3 Once a day there he prays - Shacharit, Mincha and Ma'arib, - were sitting there Whole day and studied gemara tens Pharisees, locals and strangers, idioms who Have been on jail with them for years Hard-and-heavy. The largest part of The a. C. Pharisees eat; days? At the Local residents. Every Jew, whether poor or not Rich, held for a mitzvah and right to Give a Pharisee one day or several days in The awake eat and drink. That's how it was Also led with the poor Talmud Torah Children who used to come from the neighboring Towns and villages - they used to get Local Jews have a bed to sleep in 28 Also eat, oz no paid. Jews have considered For a duty not only to teach their Torah Own children, but also enable this All those children who want to learn and Can not hire any rabbis for money. Of course, there were also cases Of children who opted to eat At two landlords. Jews knew most of it About this, but no one touched it. Jewish mothers used to say: should be poor Toys a child to enjoy, most likely he is a Little hungry of one, / day ". Pious Jews Women, and such were the majority Jewish women in those days in Derechin, Were considered to be the greatest commandment to Give a Jewish poor child to eat, lest he May be able to study Torah. The study halls were also a center For various activities in need of Many wandering Jewish orphans were cared for Often arrive in Derechin on a Saturday, Or preachers who used to come give sermons All of them were provided with food And bed, along with the stable fro- Put on sitting-guys. The worshipers prayed They take with them and it never gives Happened that a guest on Saturday should stay An oatmeal. It has always been so Found a downer who was caring for Im, In Derechin there was also a Military garrison, which was Stationed in the former Safiehishe Palaces. In the garrison there have always been A 3020 Jewish soldiers. As the manner Was in those years the rabbi used to Executed by the military power that Jewish soldiers must be released on Saturday. And they used to go to school and eat at Jewish Homeowners. It was a special cliff And honor to take from school to home A Jewish soldier on Saturday. In those times when there are still no bib- There were no libraries, and no newspapers Book Thirty Was a rare occurrence, the houses- Midrashim also serve as a cultural center Winter, in the cold months, lasts Gathering there at night, after work, Various artisans, retailers, artisans Better. They used to sit on the Warm, long, leggings ", who has it Could have studied a page of Gemara as well Who - a chapter of Mishnayos, weaker scholars Said a chapter of Psalms, and besides People used to gossip about various things Matters, personal and community, hear all kinds of things Nice that someone brought from somewhere. Every beit midrash was built like this, That in the middle of the pulpit was a Large furnace and long benches around it - These were the Allies. " Wintertime serves as a warm seat And in the evening, am mincha le ma'arib, is This was actually a kind of folk-club for Wider audience. On winter nights The Pharisees slept on the ledges Who did not have any warm beds Somewhere in town, or just lost Poor people, who arrived in winter Late at night and had no one else Place to stay overnight. In the hours between Mincha and Maariv, they used to The preachers give their moving sermons On all kinds of religious topics, touching Always also general problems fluff Jewish life in the great moshav area, Virtually every beit midrash has been found A society-shas, ​​and its members care Gather every evening and study a page Gemara. The Jews used to come after a hard day Work, because they were all obedient- Nikes, blacksmiths, tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, And also shopkeeper; They were all good Exhausted, but in Beit Midrash they used to They enjoyed sitting and listening to Torah, a little Learn for yourself and converse with others. These were the hours of spirituality, which They could only be found in one place - Book Thirty There is no beit midrash. There they became friends. Do this with other Jews, tell them what lies ahead They on heart, heard the troubles of Others, comforted each other and business Courage of one's comfort-words. This is how it is Beit Midrash became the physical and spiritual Appeal to the Jews of small towns. I Remember to this day those below in, new Wall ", where I used to come to laugh at everyone Evening with the local Shas-Shas, after I have been studying Gemara for 32 years Old Rabbi R. David Chaim-Shimon, a great Jew Learn and Jerusalem. A total of homeowners plagued Come there to study in the evenings, in between They are craftsmen of various trades. After The Shas company used to finish a mask A conclusion with a great feast at R 'Are Menjes. People used to eat and drink, sing And dance and rejoice till late in the Night Listen Learn. The Beit: The Midrash taught it to the Jews Els with the book. In the study halls he concentrated This whole community life. There used to be The assemblies that he has convened are coming up. Spoke various customs; On one Such a meeting was established a visit Patients "and it was worked out a Accurate program as and when each One of the members needs to visit and Serve a sworn patient; It was founded there. This became the a. C. "Dedicate", or the Knesset- Guest-house, where various poor of The foreigner or priests used to have one Free space to stay overnight. In small town Was a community bath, with a mikveh, Naturally, which were found in the Temple-street, not far from stream, Shifa ". On The meetings in the study halls were held Determined about the fate and activity of the all And other institutions. There was also a rift among the Beit Midrashim. " Near a Lubavitcher Hasidim-Stibl, with a For tens of thousands of followers. 29 Beyond all social activities and community The Beit Midrash was a center of affairs Of Jews believe in the all ideas with Which is permeated by the Torah and the Entire religious-religious literature of Jews Nation. There the Jews cemented themselves Community solidarity is maintained there Became the belief in miracles that will Maintaining the existence of selected The people, there, were strengthened Hope for a better future and beyond Jews sat, studied and dreamed about Christ and about the redemption that is to come For the Jewish people. Old folks are rising No Israeli In those years, the last ten of Last century, has not yet been Knows the idea of ​​modern Zionism, of Settle Israel. Religious Jews did Laid their hope on Christ's times And believed that only Christ would bring them out Redeem exile and lead no Israelites, But even then, at the end of the 19th year- Hundreds, are already of Derechin rising There were no Israeli individual elderly i- Dan. Of course, they were not built This country, but spend there their last Years and come to burial in the sanctuary Ground so that the bones do not have to move- Remember when Christ will come and all Will rise from the dead ... With over a hundred years ago is gone No Israeli is a known derechin Landlord, R. Bear, the father-in-law of Rabbi Moshe Rabinovich, who is When the father of the deceased Ha Rabinovich, with her eight sons and four Daughters, all born and raised In Derechin. Of the twelve children is In his old age, the sun rose From Rabbi Moshe, Rabbi Aryeh-Leib Rabinovich, And with him went away no land 50 Israel some derechiner landlords, alas R. Are Menjes, R. Avraham Henies, R. Itche Elates, the sun of the "new wall", And some older Jews. Old and newer cemeteries The old cemetery is, it turns out, From the earliest times since Jews have themselves Settled in Derechin. His tombstones are Already been heavily sunk and overgrown With old moss. It's almost impossible Seemed to read the crucified inscriptions On the ancient stones. While he was founded It became, with hundreds of years ago, is He, of course, was. Without A Side of The residential streets, but we already remember him Standing in the middle of the schoolyard, comes the wall of The brick school, not far from the Talmud-Torah There is no Beit-Din-Shtibl. Sepo Darzain The family feather on the grave fin the mother The Einstein family is at the mother's grave on her birthday Book Thirty The "new" cemetery was open Road no same, farther from small town. Greedy He was born in the early 19th century Century and was surrounded with A brick wall. Towards the end of 19th Century has the Derechiner Arendar Of the Great Alexandria, R 'Moshe Male- Teacher, before death donated was a larger A sum of money to build the wall Curb. With his grave the dead were taken care of The "Hevra Kadisha". The work is done Volunteered by local landlords, Hevra-Kadisha lite, which have even had Without its own beit midrash for the old cemetery. The endurance of cemetery and this Salary for the grave was covered With the "burial" money which the Hevra-Kadisha Meant of the families of dead. Arum This demand burial funds are often issued- Break incidents because it was a custom To demand larger sums of more farm- Happy Jews, who have not lived their lives There were no great donors. Finally used to People pass by with the family of deceased And life in small towns used to go on With its calm current, after all Excited over burial money Incident, On a funeral used to go quite derechin More beautiful folks were carried up to Home: The cemetery, simple Jews were led With the cart. In the schoolyard people used to The dead body is found in the area Leviathan was left halfway to the cemetery. Forensic-New As old people have told it, there are witnesses In the middle of the 19th century stood brush Of the public affairs the a. C. , Francis Had- Shim ", i.e. H. 12 selected governors, and- Here are some of the specifics. Tick ​​every one A month a year. She 51 Were also recognized by the And were the spokesmen In Jewish life of small towns. They even had the right to be punished A Jew is accused of a certain offense With arrest - in the big school is Was an angle with the a. C. , Can ", and An iron ring to which I used to A kit attach the punished on A Certain times, days or hours. In those years the recruits- Shear. The Jewish community needed everyone Provide for a certain number of children, in The age of 8 to 10 years, which tend Taken aback - by the tsarist power On 25 years in types Russia, order there Train as soldiers and serve this Tsar. They were called Nikolayevsk Sol- Data ?, Usually a lot is made of it Unjust deeds. The franchise months are over Most of the wealthy owners Houses and conducted the church-affairs with a Stricter hand. Hoppers used violence Take away the poor children and them Surrender into the hands of the tsarist lord Scissors. Was falling when he had for money Bought children from poor parents. The first The sacrifices have always been round Orphans. Very few of the children are Remained Jews after 25 years of exile Among Gentiles deep in race. Just singles Used to return after serving in tsarist Army back home. So I still remember Of my two childhood years, Nikolaevske Soldiers? Come to us in Derechin - Gershon "Der Yovn" and Shomurke. The first Used to stand with a game table on the market And also served as "desiatgic": the Second used to call every Sunday in the Streets, employed by the Russian merchant- Rim, which day may be brought to market Enter pigs for sale. They are both Seemed alienated from juggling, but nevertheless 32 Are they remained Jews. For the most part Of these, "Nikolayevsky Soldiers" is Fari Learn to walk, or settle into types Russians, in far Siberia, thank for theirs Serve the Tsar have they had a right to Reside in whole Russia. Also those who them Gen remained in the distant Russian cities and Most of the towns were good, cordial Jews, and those of them who became rich Have greatly helped their Jewish brethren. "Starost it" Later, in the second half of 19- 20th and early 20th century, ge- We are already in the Jewish towns of Seat area ", and also in Derechin, the A. C. "Starostes", which were the Representative of Jewish community Ba the Tsarist Organs of power. He lived in Derech for a long time Staroste "A local landlord with no- From Yaakov Shaya's. I still remember his Children --- capable and intelligent youth (In his house was later moved the ba- Account Family Alper). Jacob Sheikh's was elected As Staroste, the last years of previous Century, the most popular in Derechin Grain-merchant loves R 'Moshe's Rabinovich. He was chosen against his will And he has appointed as his secretary Sholem Manskin, son-in-law of Jacob Rabinovich. After his official Staros- For a couple of years, Leib R 'Moshe's up- Said of the office and Sholem Mansky is Became Staroste. He served for up to a year 5, until the Germans occupied their- Chin during the First World War. Mansky was a feiker and tikti- Representative of the Jewish community in- Terraces for the Russian power, he said The work was performed with much skill Book Thirty And tact and not even helped Jews while A trouble, The task of Staroste was to Lead this, family-spice? From the township Share community, publishing every citizen a Passport, keep A registration of the young Guys who need to sign up for Milli- Ter at the age of 21 years, arrange with the Jewish lease on the purchase of kosher meat, From which a special- was taken- Charge fee, in order to cover the state-cost Regarding the Jewish community. Has had a particularly important job The starte behten, presive ", D. H. in the Time when he had to provide the Power in the "outward" city slonim d List of all young people who need it Supply to the military. As usual and Obviously things were sad, Tragic days for the Jewish families, which Used to see each other for a long time Their children, —Jewish youths, out Grown up in Yiddish, traditional BNS-manner, without information in the Russian Language, limited in their citizens- Right, "step-children" of the great, ma- Russia "- who are away serving This emperor somewhere far from home whole 3 years with 8 months. And there they cared Be in a strange and hostile atmosphere- Far, could not earn to the ni- Third Range. No wonder why The separation of the home in was a Tragedy both for the sons and for theirs Parents, sisters and brothers. Ion have therefore demanded from Sta- Roste, that he should pick out all sorts of combi- Nations through which the mi- Literary barracks. Gentiles used to blame The Jews that they are not loyal beer- Ger, cowards who fear military- Service A.D.G.L. - But the deep and true Reason for wanting to avoid the military service By the Tsar was the conviction of Jews, Book Thirty That they are citizens of a lower level, Have no right not to reside outside of this Jews, "Moshav Territ", are hunted down and Plagued by decrees and anti-Semitic remarks Share - Why and for whom they should be Go and give years and energy into mi- Literary Practices 1 People really do make themselves different Physical defects, in order to free oneself From "preservative", or m'used to emigrate beyond To the sea, in the far countries. At least the family Had to pay a fine of 300 rubles. There were also various other combina- Through which one could get acquainted Rejoice in worshiping the emperor. A lot of these things and lobbying used to- Lead the Yiddish, Staroste ", and peace Mansky was very suitable as a for- Tax of Jewish communal in the tsarist offices. Soldiers in the Tsarist Army: Reuben Shelkovich and his cousin Motl von Zelwe 55 Sholem Mansky, the last staroste Of which Iun have lived There were three main streets in Derechin The Germans, Zelver and Slonimer. Inmitten Shtetl was the marketplace. In the streets and on the market lived For the most part the owners, dealers, Shopkeeper, Shinkares. In center has itself Also found the radio shops, 30 in number, In the former houses of every street have Used grain dealers and millers Peasants from the neighboring villages soon fled Upon arrival in town on a market day Sell ​​their grain-products the Jews Dealer. The shopkeeper of Rad and of Mark-place Serving with various goods: d Whole Christian neighborhood of tithes Villages and parishes. Shincare care In the market-days read from the peasants before Various drinks There was a considerable number in Derechin Craftsmen, such as bakers, shoemakers, tailors, 54 Tschles, stolars, mulares, kirzhner, Fur-worker. Were with us also our own Tanneries: - Tuesday was the official market- Day. Thousands of Christians from the surrounding Most used to arrive with their wagons Along with their wives and children, and Bring grains, fruits, your, hiner and Additional products of steel, cage, garden and Forest, The Jewish artisans used to exhibit Their products and elaborations are Out of the marketplace Poor people sell their goods and then come Buy everything they need Their house and business. Of the past years I remember only one Russian trader, who used to come to The market-days with a great platform Loaded with various goods, and two- She also teaches religious things, such as photographers, prayers. Booklets a. D. Gal, Book Thirty Also Sunday was a day of trade With the many peasants who used to come From the surrounding villages into circus And at the same time going out shopping and a Little oblivion albhud sunday " Didn't people trade on Sunday? But Jews gave themselves no advice mid Single, "uradnik" in Derechin, whatever Was also needed, livelihood? Y .. It is common to find that the peasants care Insure yourself and make scandals. Before departure On the way back to the village, young squatters used to Attacked the baker's straganes and grabbed Bagels, cakes and pastries. But the Derechiner, Uradnik? Has always been Stay awake and calm the heat Temper temper. Thus Derechiner Jews lived from Trade and craft, always been in fear For a living, always working, taste- Yet and tormented in order to earn On life, But Jews have thought not On a market day in the town A market day in small town Zefar Drtsain Joy the shopkeeper Her husband, Rabbi Yehudahmuel Epstein 35 Just about food and an apartment - they have out- Raised and raised children, sent They teach to teachers, in meetings, later Also in the gymnasiums entered. Former years Have Jews kept idems on chestnut, Abby she should sit and moan. And Jews have Given charity for poor lit, cormorant Orphans,. Yeshiva boys, Pharisees, tried Holidays, celebrations - with in Word: Leading a Jewish Family Life, Ge- Hop on every free minute to listen and Study a page of Gemara ,. A piece of Shas, a Bit of eye contact a. D. Gal. Groaned and Eyed. Asked by Rabboni of Olam a Redemption Solomon and hoped on Christ's times. It A separate chapter has been with- Placed in and around our town the Settlers. There were dozens of people around Derechin. Care villages and pile of landlord. Almost In every village there was found one, and Even 2--3, Jewish families, who had Held in lease, inherited from theirs Grandparents, great-grandparents Inns. While the described times is Jews were forbidden to settle in the Only those who have taken over Inheritance from their parents certain sub- Names have been flooded with protection Dwell-right on village, and this is across As a gift from the father to the children. The a. C. Settlers had theirs Gardens and seder around their houses, with Vegetables and fruits, but most importantly: income Was of trade with the poorim. She Were, in fact, the only hand- Lair in village, and have been busy baker Mid-sale of alcohol-beverages. Bit- Gradually, they expanded theirs Businesses and sells the peasants also un- The necessary goods, which need to be Have been involved in home and agriculture, 36 Like kerosene, wheel lubricants, matches, Salt. Tobacco a. D. Gal. For his field- Work and trade purposes has the settlement Had a horse-and-cart. Also has each Yeshuvnik had a couple of cows and raised them Hiner Listen Learn. The inn itself, a great home, has Serves the peasants as a gathering place, wherever she goes Used to gather in the evenings, drink On credit, and the power could Pay off its debts after the down payment and after the down payment- Taste the grain from the fields and vegetable Of the gardens. Such is the innkeeper Was a necessary credit institution pass Farmer. The inn itself, a large home, has Serves the peasants as a gathering-place, wherever she Used to gather in the evenings, drink A little whiskey. Conversations with neighbors and With innkeeper, circling all sorts of door- Fish aggain and. Ask, find out when And where there needs to be a big fair, They used to learn about World-Nice at the Kr of the innkeeper the Jew, who has Knew more than the boys about what It's happening in the wider world. Even About a great Gentile holiday the Jew said Knew better than the farmer. We must not forget that in those years On the border of the 19th and 20th years- Hundred, were the Belarusian peasants Virtually in their one hundred percent analfa- Request, led a poor and primitive life So the settler came before them Was the "gramotner", so he needs it Also be smart and know everything. They have themselves To him attracted with respect and also with Friendship - outside of those moments when a Enemy-Israel, a ghoul or a pogromchik, Used to tell them over and over again, That Jews had killed Jesus. Also used to be pale, though individual, when A settler used to abuse the peasants Ignorance, and something deceiving comes to him. Book Thirty Such a few cases tend to throw a punch On all Jews in the eyes of the peasants. Most of the settlers were good, Innocent Jews, observant Jewish commandments and Some of them were also scholars. No Once upon a time, such a settler used to be a disciple: a sage The peasants tell something from the Gemara. Opt used to bring the peasants to pass settlement- Nick their quarrels between themselves and the Jew Used to invent a compromise and make an end To conflict. So was the settlement In his village an own man and the The peasants chose him, The settlers used to be called al-Fidrov Lot their dwelling-village. And the username is Passing from generation to generation: Moshe Daroliner, Joshua Milevicher, Mordechai-Benjamin Natzkever, Moshe-Yekutiel and Anilevicher, Avraham-Yaakov Lantsevitser, Zelik Mankevicher, Alter Mikhoisker, Lazer Krupever, Zelik Ostro- Who, Shkhga Ostrover, Burl Polygyny, Israel Oriner, Shmuel Labzover, Yitzhak Alexander, Benjamin Robever, John Zolot- Sheaver, Zalman Repnicher, deer? Kurile- Witcher, Chaim Halubier, Shimon Zamoshcher, Spira der Kleinvolier and many others. Two villages were far away Derechin, Wolie and Shchare, in which The transport was concentrated Of forest materials from the shchare to Nieman. In both villages lived a A large number of Jewish families have joined Busy with forest-trade and around her Hundreds of peasants from Aru- Mike villages while leading the church of the Forests to the river and also in pursuit- This the split middle water. How lived in Woolie Littman- Yours sincerely, Happy Family? Rabino- Watch with the children; In Kleynvolie - The spears; In Shchare - Zalman Shcha- Tube, lion stone, joy-David. In the Dri Villages usually gather in the summer. There are Jewish merchants and representatives Sepo Darzain From German firms, which used to buy ba The Jews the wood materials that they had Later mid-water, by the star and Nieman, provided no memel. Are there In those days the great ones were known Forest merchants Noah Yoselevich, the brothers Haykin and others. All settlers, rich and poor, were themselves Held in those years ba the Jewish tro- Ditions. Some neighboring settlements used to Every Saturday a minyan is held with its own Torah scroll. In most of the settlements they There were teachers for the children and the Who lived near Derechin Sent their children to study in small towns Enter, The wealthy settlers knew each other Permission to hire a student-sage for an orphan And give him long-term chestnut that he may Sitting in village and learning Out of the Yashuvniks came Rabbi- Nim and educated. The well-known Hebrew Share writer Bershadsky was A son of Shimon Zamoshcher, Domashevitsk Simon himself was also a Jew and a scholar And educated. A second son of his was Known as a mathematician and has ba d Russians hold a post as "Zemliemer", - Master of Earth- "Parcelings. Joshua Milevichers A son was RB Of Memel. Mordechai-Benjamin Novik of Natskowf Had grandchildren - one of them They, Hannah Novik, a longtime teacher The schools of the National Workers' Union In America, it was popular among the Jewish intelligentsia in New York. Some of the settlers also came out- Well-known industrialists and foresters Rim, Usually the houses of the settlers are Chest was wide open for guests, wandering- Thick students and just a Jew. Each One is by the settler and his family Received with food and drink 37 And night camp. Continuous breathing light And artisans who used to go over these Villages have always been found Home a warm home, Various giants and suns worshiped from From time to time visiting the settlements and collecting Money for charity. On good days, And especially on the terrible days used to return- Nikes come into town and stop this Holidays to relatives or friends Hut, Thus the settlement was connected with His village and peasants on one side - and With shtetl and Jews of the second, of In the village he had his congregation, his fr- Rough, and from small town - be spiritual, be Mental enjoyment and the security of congregation Next. Arendarn and Pacteus Just as the settlers also have the idi- She Arendarn and Pacters Busy A Glorious place between Jews and Christians. Virtually every good of a Fritz has itself Found A Jewish pact. He used to obey Buy at Fritz his advertising milk production And make from it butter, cheese and un- Dere products. For the most part, the pack- Get a house in the yard of Gutbasi- Sorrow, or not far from there, and he used to Together with his wife and children Request different milk products, especially Their various kinds of cheese, and they sell In town, or even send on export. The largest part factors has lived In the heaps of the same power and inheritance- Just like the settlers. The strong used to Transition from parents to children. These factors were in good condition- Hung with their landlords the landlords. They had a good livelihood, kept ba Good teachers for the children. They are Was the constant mediator between Fritz And the Derechin merchants and full-fledged 38 With which the landlord has Need to have trade relations. The Paki Ters used it recommend the fritz pre- Various urban Jewish workers which He had necessary, bring to him kts- Timber and grain merchants on purchase from Him ki, calves or grains, The priest on his side, be it the Russian And both the Pole, kept his Pact as a trustee-husband and himself with Consult him on various matters. There were also Jewish herdsmen Who used to take ba frits in lease On several years fields and gardens and Salary them annual rent-fee. Were Fritzs who have held regiruns: and Military posts, and also just tsebalevete And lazy people, who are not capable Were leading with their gates and had Of them persistent deficits. The Jewish Arena There were good general practitioners, laborers All parts of the Frisian grid and out- Drew from it livelihood for himself and rent- Fees for Fritz. The Jewish herdsman I used to keep a lot of cows and had something to eat Mysticize the neglected fields and Remove from them good grain. Were arena- / Thorn, which have in the French pile Expanded mills, mills and factories Finish woolen fabric. The Jewish tenants have thus ant- Wrap the frying pan and adjust very Business and enterprises to the food- Rings from the market and from the neighboring peasants And Jews. Jewish initiative If one may summarize the total of these Jewish livelihoods in and around Derechin, Can one really decide that from the first glance These were genuine Jewish livelihoods in The branches of trade and craft. But when Provides an overview of the local Economics and of its development over time Tell it to you From long years, it soon becomes clear that only The Jewish Initiative developed this Chin and her surroundings in all branches of Production and trade, Limited in their rights, without possible- Chains of Alzheimer's education in the monarchy Educational institutions, without the right to reside in Large parts of the Russian state, trail- Thick under the despotic rule of The tsarist authorities have these Jews built cities and towns, were Skilled craftsmen and laborers, initiated Many economic enterprises, ant- Wraps numerous branches of industry and commerce. Though this law had her forbidden herself to Busy with earth "work, they have obviously Find ways and means to deal with it as well To employ and also in this area Demonstrated initiative. Thanks to Jewish energy, Built by Derechin, with its community life, With its institutions, with its Wirt- Business role for the whole community Bong. Jews did much to help the Weakening of the peasant population, Jews have created sediment-market for the Whole production of the surrounding villages, Both of the Puerim and both of the Gutba- Retailer. Virtually the whole h ::: dl of life- Products, grains, vegetables, wood, the product- Attraction of mills, bricks and factories - is Lying in Jewish hands. A small town like Derechin, with her Several hundred Jewish families, Ba- Serves the entire area with its tithes. "Thousands of peasants and hundreds of peasants." Zim and they brought great benefit. Jewish Laborers and craftsmen, shoemakers, tailors, Boy-worker, blacksmith a. D. Gal. Take care away For whole weeks over the villages too Perform all the necessary crafts there Needs and in the Pharisees pile. Are in Created over hundreds of years Close ties between Christians and Jews Book Thirty In our area. Opt used to be even a Farmers in the village know what foods he can eat Present the Jewish craftsman who has Performed certain tasks for him When no one is bothering them and not The Belarusian peasants used to make fun of Draw friendly to the Jews with whom they are Have had so many common issues, With the friars, it was a little un- There. Usually every fellow had His regular Jewish merchants or owners Crafts and with these he lived well. But ba the priests is the anti-Semitism Was deeply rooted, as a kind of tradition- Attract a lot who need to hate this Jewish rule, even when one can do it with understanding 39 Not justify. Only with, his "Jews is the Fritz became friends and had to be Trust even more than his near-Christian Dear friends and partners, There was a doctor in Derechin Christ and a farmer A Jew - cared for the Rural Christians prefer to go to Yiddish Feldsher, named after Shmuel-Moshe Wolfovit- Shan, or to his son Meir'shie, who are Among the villagers were more popular than Dr. Novitsky. The official Russian power is in those Years in Derechin consisting of "Prystav" And, “Uradnik.” The two were the Sovereign over life of the Derechiger Inhabitants. Were they they both great R 'Meir-Shieh Wolfovich the foreman with his family 200 "Nemer", and this has helped in various- Dene fall. Numerous decrees have been repealed Or has been discontinued, by various NE combinations and expressions with The help of the "anointed" power-hober. For generations Jewish communities have Formed a resistance-fe- Unity and a quick orientation in all sorts of things Possible situations, in which the tsarist Laws they enacted, at the same time There has also been an increase in the number of temptations. Avoid the troubles, or they diminish, as Thus, laws and decrees are circumvented. And perhaps Was a bad, ruler ", A bizarre "Prystav" or even a governor a Enemy-Israel, also Derechiner Jews Do not despair. She used to pray To the top and hope that he will have them already Help get rid of the evil ruler. The children read Torah Thus did Derechiner Jews in those years, And also in later years, difficult Due to their economic downturn Of course, but at the same time she had to give up On no one day their spiritual life. -The small-town church had Over itself not fool A permanent rabbi, A scholar And righteous, as the spiritual leader of the i- Local community, - but also a considerable number Teachers, in whose rooms do they have the Derechiner Jewish children immersed in Torah, Judaism and wisdom. It comes again on the memories of the Children's ears. Already to 5 year we have Began to study with a teacher. Were issued We a group of boys, and learned to have We come to Rabbi Avraham-Chaim the Dredky-Milmed, Whose room was in a side street, In a poor cottage with a thatched roof. He used to stay with us all day Room and with us kneln ,, kmts-a-a and kmts- B - Boi A. A. Wu. The teacher himself hardly did Book Thirty R 'Shlomo, Kazioner Rabbi " With his wife and nephew Earned on bread with water, but in Teaching the children used to involve him Perfect life. We taught him Hebrew. After this drdki-teacher we learned Chumash with Rashi by Melamed Alter Dykes. After a four-year study of the Pentateuch we are Across in room of R 'Shlomo ,, the Kazianem Rabbi. In addition to teaching, R. Shlomo, whoever Considered himself a literate in Russian, The teacher is R. Alter Falkovich (, Rey Alter Dykesi) Book Thirty Carried the metrics' books of the other- Chinese Jews. With him we have already learned Bible and a little Gemara. Also in the room Has been studying for two years, and from it We are already moving on to larger gemara- Scholars, such as R. Welwel Mites, a Jew Certified, R. Avraham Yitzchak-Meir, R. David Chaim Simon's and various other teachers. In all the rooms the children studied From early to night, and winter-time too In the evenings. The rabbis used to stuff the Children with Torah and Morality, Arig- Argues that a Jew needs to be able to learn, pious And be honorable, honor his parents and Love this own palk. The rabbis used to visit the parents on Shabbat Of the children and received a Sabbath glass Tea, poured from "lyak", they used to listen Do the students remember what they are doing? Have been studying all week. In addition to the teachers, rabbis and their rooms Are in Derechin, already at the end of 19th century, were some teachers, What did the children learn in Yiddish? Noisy and also a little Russian. More of Everyone remembers those times, dogke The Writer ", a teacher with a wonderful- Beautiful handwriting, and he did indeed Taught the children fine-writing. From anywhere From the foreigner no derechin came One a teacher Razvilovsky, who has He later ran a school in Warsaw. With time in arose the ig. Room decorated by this excellent teacher and Pedagogue Abraham, the Micah. "This is Already been a school with a more-modern Approach to Bible and Hebrew study, and From here came the beginning of Haskalah- Currents among the Derech youth. In those years, a A pair of young teachers from the Vilna area, who 41 Have taken education with Jewish children Russian, But also the new tendencies, the Enlightenment And this teaching Russian, issued in those years Given only to the richer children, of The a.g. "Homeless" families Have the children of the poorer strata, of The artisans, laborers and just the poor- Editor, studied in the Talmud-Torah adder Ask the teachers of the cheaper cottage- Gorie, Remember one must, that in those years did In Derchin, just as in all cities and Towns of Jewish Moshav area, ruled A certain partition between the a.g. Homeowners, Relatives, and this ag. Crowd-em, the poor Popular-mass. The BABs lived in The nicer streets and better houses, in The Beit Midrashim have occupied the above- Without, lem arun-holy, they used to received the "Uncle" Aliyahs while reading the Torah on Shabbat. During the congregation's meetings in a beit midrash were practiced Itself the bb set out around long table, while The crowd, the ordinary Jews, used to stand around, Indeed, the children of the A.G. "Relatives" Shame on the poor children, And in those years there were two Various worlds, with a bulky class- Differences. The long-standing partition had taken over Break in first at the very end of Neighbor- Tenth century and beginning of twig- Twilight, when new, fresh winds have taken Clown in the Jewish street at large Annoyed Russia. It took a For years until the new ideas, the ideas Finn socialism, issued also in The smaller towns, among them also no Derechin. A new, modern era has dawned then Opened in the life of the Derechiner youth. 42 They Exalted the Name of Darcin / Time flies and goes, and in the course of it fades away, We are becoming more and more pale in our memory, even events and characters " Interruptions between the life of the individual and the life of the public, which At the time they caused a terrible shock. In Probably an escape from the teeth of time that will not gnaw at them, And inadvertently they are distracted from us, leaving his client- Under the auspices of the Minister of Oblivion. So hurry up and take advantage Even now, and immediately, the opportunity and convene the The memoirs in the book about Darzein and the Jews who sat In it. This will be the only monument, which will be erected by The remnant of our city, who were privileged to remain alive, And above this situation future generations will be able to read For her life and experiences over the centuries Its existence. Ei Sages say:; It all depends on luck, even a book Torah in the Temple "- in one it is sometimes read Frequent and the other stands in the corner ashamed that there is none Read it. Millions of people are born secretly, And their birth is known only to immediate family members Most. And passers-by are from the world GC in modesty, When their absence is felt only in the narrow circle of the family. Only those, who were privileged to be men of virtue, and thanks For their excellent talents were published as Malum- Big dim by the important books they left behind And the inventions they invented, - immortalized themselves In the memory of the people for generations, And is the thing in cities and towns, the towns of the Diaspora, Mishkenot Yisrael the mourners, who after the Holocaust We were emptied of the Jews. Many of them will not stay In the memory of the nation every male, if there were no factors in them Delkman: a. A famous person called by the people In the name of his city, like the Governor of Dubna, the Rebbe of Gur, The Rebbe of Lubavitch, R. Menashe of Ilya. All these They are small towns, if not for the famous people Called on oil who would know and hear from them; B. By large yeshivas that many decades They bought a strike, like a yeshiva and fuck it was To the center of Torah for more than a hundred years, Yeshivat Mir Sepo Darzain H. צ. Miller-Sinai And more, that they are GC small towns and thanks to yeshivas Were at the time famous all over the land of Russia Greatness and distances would flock to them to study Torah, and their names remained even after the destruction of The towns in the memory of the nation: c. By the one who served There in the sanctuary are genius rabbis, on Shabbat they printed Important books, the name of a city appears on the title page of the book Their seat and the people who have an affinity for these books, The opening of the book will also be remembered in the name of the city of the study. Darchin belongs to the third class. Sat for a long time In which famous geniuses,. On Saturday they were published between Those who study their important books, and by this have been raised Top Honorable Rabbinate in Darzain and a young rabbi Admitted there he had every chance to ascend a cymbal Ascends to the rank of rabbinate, like the Gaon R. Eliyahu Haim Misel whose first rabbinate was In Derzain and at the end of his life he was a rabbi in Lodz, and more Those who served in holiness afterwards in large cities. "The Maggid of Drezien" One hall was one hundred and eighty years ago, Thanks to him, Gisha was there for tens of thousands Jews to distances, even outside borders Greater Russia. It was Rabbi R. Yozzekel Paville, Who was called, the Maggid from Darzain. "He was born in 2006, more than two hundred years ago, in the town Polongi on the shores of the Baltic Sea, to his father R. Zeev Wolf,. Who was one of the dignitaries of the city. While already a child He showed signs of talent to carry his words In a crowd, because when he was about five or six he would wrap himself In a tallit and standing on, "Habima," which he would set up for him To himself, and preaches words as a definite preacher, and when Growing up over the years the same talent paid off Incredibly. And when he was eighteen he was accepted To Magid-Misharim in the city of Darzein. After sitting in it For three years he contracted rheumatism and drove under pressure To the land to be healed in the mineral springs, and when it was Demands in big cities, like Prague, Lemberg, Brady and others, were the genius rabbis from there from Persia- Book Thirty ⁇ Water⁇⁇ leaflets⁇ sailing⁇ in⁇ praise⁇ and⁇ reading⁇ the⁇ The audience to hear the "Maggid Madrachin" whose mouth produces Margaliot, a young man later and a soul that will understand enough All who hear will be astonished, who are like a "respectful attitude." Such was to him the geniuses of that generation. In 1767 he moved to Vilna, got another demand Before the Gaon R. Eliyahu of Vilna, and so it was Requires fourteen years in Vilna in all houses- Churches in the city called Ahmagid Madrzin, ad That in the year 1851 it was accepted to Maggid Damta, that it was At that time a very respectable appointment, and stood by it until The day of his departure in 1933, twenty-two Year. Ben AH was at his death, From this historical story the situation is reflected The spiritual and material of the city of Darchin Shelfagi Century And eighty years, when besides the rabbi and the dayan who served In holiness there was another demand of the congregation for Maggid-Misharim, And precisely from the most famous at that time, Until eighty years ago he was always in Darzin Apart from the rabbi, Dayan also. The last dayan was the rabbi Michal Berkowitz, head of the Berkowitz family, from this One can also discuss the material situation in those days, When the community was able to support three Families, in addition to maintenance expenses for other institutions Like Talmud Torah, family purity and more. Ar "The guy from Kfar Baiki" There was another one sixty to seventy years ago Because of which Gisha drew a lot of people in his mouth, Even non-allies. I write about him as Gone, because I do not know his name, and in turn gone I want to commemorate him in the book, As a child I heard people talking, because in the village Beiki, who is in the vicinity of Darzein, lives in a Jewish neighborhood He has a son close to thirty years old, Rock, and he Paralyzed, lying down, a man in pain and known to be sick. Simple, plagued by Gd, and on the other hand - he Blessed be God, for he had a virtue, a covenant cut To his lips: He who blessed - was blessed, and what Advised - his advice was kept. The environment was called: "The guy from Bike," but in the distance they would call Him, the good Jew from Darchen "-, the A good Jew. "And there were hundreds of people traveling to him 3 Horseshoes even non-allies. Money or redemption- Nat for this he would not accept, even though his parents Were poor. A box was found on the table in his room To the settlement of Eretz-Israel and every visitor to it would bring in In it his contribution. When I grew up and studied in yeshivot and back I was Home sometimes for the holidays, - I was not interested to know What is the nature of this wonderful guy and what is his power And grew up in the Torah. Then, when I got married in the city Chaville, who was far from my hometown,. - I completely distracted myself from him, and forgot all The matter. And here a few years later I had the opportunity- Let, by a story from an eyewitness, stand mostly For his cleverness, other than the other virtues he had. It was the late twelfth summer. I drove On foot to Lodz, at one of the stations between Grodno To Bialystok he boarded one Jewish caravan at an age Stood and sat by. Here in Israel we have already weaned Some of the custom that was common among Lithuanian Jews And Poland, with two Jews meeting on the way Their journey for the first time - start immediately Ask each other:, Where from? And where? And for what? Place of residence, place of birth and family ?? To That in the end, according to Rob, they would draw a conclusion from all The questions, because if they are not really close, then There is some family connection between them by my in-laws The in-laws ... This Jewish mecca struck me, I asked where I'm going, I replied - to Lodz, for what it was already Needless to ask, because it was known, that whoever travels to the city The textile surely is a textile merchant. AHB I asked for my place of residence - I said: Chaville, he Haven't said enough yet and asked me where I was born. When- I told him that he came from Darzain --- his face changed and he Excited, as if a wave of memories floated at once In his mind. Ha! Ha! Madrzein! And how are you, good? Id "there? I, who was then immersed in reading a book Interestingly, I generally wanted to avoid going in with him For a long conversation that will interfere with my reading. And secondly, I completely forgot the belonging of the "Good Id" To mark. I answered him emphatically: I do not know! My form of expression had a clear meaning: Stop me and stop talking! But he did not stop And Gitar Oz said: I will tell you something about him! 44 That I was an eyewitness to him. It will not only interest you, Because if you are also impressed by it and it will remain in your memory For many days. And he begins his story: He himself is from the Volkovisk area. In years The nineties of the last century would send the The customers to the army from Slonim-Volkovisk protests To the Lublin district, to the districts of Chelm, Krasnostav and Zamosc. He then served in the army, in one of the companies he camped In some village not far from Krasnostav. In that village A Jew lived who rented a tavern and sold drinks Spicy. This was before the Monopoly Law came out In Russia. There was a Catholic church there, and its pastor Was a clear hater of Israel. Long ago plotted How to get rid of this Jew, and one day sent the His servant to buy a bottle of YS. When they brought him an opening The priest the bottle. And put poison in it, infected the Cork with wax and sign as it was and return On the pretext of waiting for the guests, and since they did not come, he Return it. The Jew did not pay attention to the shape of the stamp, And when a farmer came to buy Yesh, he gave him the bottle The poisoned and the buyer who drank from it died of anguish Terrible. Obviously, when the authorities learned about The case - came and imprisoned the Jew in copper And imprisoned him. All his claims, that the bottle was returned to him From the hands of the priest and Helz put poison in it to slander On him - did not help, after sitting a few months In prison, he was released on bail until one day- The trial. The Jew who tells me all this would go in and out Her name, saw the terrible depression prevailing in the house And the terror that pervades the whole family - And advised him to go to the "good Jew from Darchin," he said To him, how people were helped by his blessings and advice as well In similar cases. When he received the message from- Judgment on the Day of Judgment - Hear his advice Unsa. When he got off the train and asked the coachman, how was it? Aim to; the good Jew in Darzen, answered him that he Located in the nearby village of Bike. A Jew from Poland before me For sixty to seventy years he visited his Rebbe Several times a year and he had all the courtesy: First wait in the sun, then in line At the Gabay, and wait until he gets to enter the Rebbe And hand him the note. And here he came in without the presents And queues, but on the other hand amazed at the sight Book Thirty The wretched exposed before him: a rickety rural hut. Its windows are devoid of windows, rags and Nir Memel- Threatened their place: in the bed lay a pale and slender man, A wave of bones. Can he expect from him For salvation? Was it worth the long road trip Like this? He told him from beginning to end what had happened, And the young man, having heard him, said to him, Behold At home and at the train station Zelva will buy a ticket to travel In Class A and it will not be considered that it will cost him almost Three times. This strange answer, in his opinion She had nothing to do with the trial, brought it further More embarrassing. But the guy Danan they saw in his embarrassment He repeated his words once more and demanded that he do as he advised Having no choice made on his advice, he paid for the pillow- Flew more than twenty rubles and entered one of the cells In ward A, he found people there, according to their dress And their appearance was of the nobles of the land, the sun stood Already at the bottom of the sky, twilight hour, soon The time of the mincha prayer will pass, so stand up immediately To pray. The worry of a trial that did not leave him in the lurch For a moment, and on top of that the thought of wasting money for nothing And from - suppressed his spirit and broke his heart. He Stayed in his prayer for a long time, poured out Mary his discourse Before Kono and his eyes were a sea of ​​tears. His tears Melt the hearts of the people sitting next to him, and one is Ask: What a terrible disaster has befallen him that he often So crying? The Jew told him everything, about the priest That he slandered him and that in ten days he would stand To trial, and monsters will cling to the results of the trial. Hela Tried to speak to his heart and reassure him, they asked for names The pastor's friends. The Jew gave him exactly that The names and he wrote everything down with him. It turns out that he was a famous Christian lawyer. A few days before the trial, Hela came accompanied by another One to the pastor. They introduced themselves as friends Dedicated and loyal to one of the pastor's friends by name This and that, friend Hela, when he learned they would move Through the village - asked them to be handed over to the priest and handed over Had a peace-layout from him, The pastor received them warmly and huntedly Set a table with all kinds of delicacies and drinks, And in the middle of the meal, when everyone was in a coma, he said The lawyer to the priest for most of his wealth, who has some Estates and forests, and all this has no value in his eyes at all Book Thirty Another Jew owns a tavern in one of the villages Belonging to him. Here the pastor found a suitable opportunity Define himself in his initiative and wisdom and told him. That also in the village It sits a Jew who owns a tavern and all the years Wanted to get rid of him and did not cost him, but now, After telling him what he did, he's sure he came End, the pastor showed him the ad for the house- The trial in which he appears as a witness, and has no shadow It is doubtful that the lightest punishment for a Jew is exile To Siberia for the rest of his life. After spending some time Hours they parted in gratitude for receiving- The bustling face and the good advice. On the day of the trial these two guests appeared Later in the trial, she complained that the plaintiff had read the reporter The blame. When the category finished the category speech His. The Jewish Advocate Appeals began Basics of the lawsuit and proved, that the pastor put the The poison in the bottle. At the end of his remarks he invited Shani The guests to the Christian witness stand and attorney told חכל, Happened that day as we read in the scroll Esther Onahufoch is ", the punishment that was expected of a Jew Imposed on the priest: hard labor in Siberia. My grandfather on the rabbinical throne in Darzin From memories of my childhood I bring up Some dates in the life of the Jewish community in Dar- Indicate, describe her life and indicate the changes that took place in her For thirty or more years from date to date. A In his fear and pity I open my words and mention the The year 1873, the year in which my genius grandfather died Maran Shalom-Dov Harenzon ztl., Known as one From his essays "Halls of Tooth", accept the invitation of the community Darzein, then come and serve Peer as a rabbi and Av Beit Din In those days it was not acceptable for a rabbi to accept the Community, quite the opposite. My genius grandparents gained a reputation In the Jewish world as one of the arbitrators and legislators, C.I. His well-known works in Torah literature:, Hibli Shani, which contains questions and answers and novelty issues In Shas, in which he was revealed as sharp and renewed, and the book 55 In this we see the cleverness of the good Jew Of Derechin ", in the words of our sage, some sage He sees the past. "He knew that in Class A High-ranking people are meant to be, and within them are people That the rest of the spirit for them to seek the truth and save the The persecutor immediately pursued him. And he understood, that a standing Jew In two weeks for such a terrible trial surely his heart Broken and shattered, and when he prays - his prayer will be accompanied Deep sighs and incessant crying. It will attract Pay attention to the people who are with him and ask him For the cause of his weeping, and when he shall know them, he may be Let him find someone whose conscience will not give him rest And be willing to do all he can to save him, And so it really happened. I asked some old people from the Darzein area- Salons, maybe they know the name of the Jew The good? And details about him and the day of his death. Unfortunately, no I received no further information. Lots of people Saved from the advice and blessings of, the good Jew Madrachin "- The Derechiner Good Jew", As it has been called by many. He deserves to be commemorated in line Disappeared in the book about the experiences of Darzein and as a wonderful man If he also disappears, his memory will be blessed. Elijah Harenton "Noche Derchei", according to which many questions are decided Even in our time, in the Diaspora and in our country. His essay, my way Noam "my grandfather published on his Sabbath on the rabbinical throne In Darchin. He was one of the well-known Lithuanian geniuses, a native of Slutsk, A member of a privileged family, according to the family order in the home My parents come from the house of King David. As a child he became famous As a prodigy and son Yate came to a teaching permit. Did not think Make the Torah an ax to dig into but The circumstances of the time at his father-in-law's house forced him to accept a job Rabbinate, When proper to serve as rabbi and abbot in Darchen, Consider the community in which the rabbis from Pur- Drugs, well-known world geniuses, such as the genius rabbi Rabbi Eliyahu Chaim Meisel, later a rabbi in Lodz. Community Darchin was a place attributed to rabbis. Yes considerate 6 In the Jews of Darzein, which was a small town in its quantity But large and important in quality, in which sat about four Hundreds of Jews studying Torah, some of them large and proud Nim, My grandfather would say, because it's amazing why Needs a community like Darchin, which has so much in it Torah scholars. They are also certified teaching teachers, To the rabbi and head over them, - but in the meantime he was He excuses this question and explains that it is precisely because of their number The great of the Torah scholars could not compromise these Among them to which of them must the Shatz wait until the beginning Prayer; eighteen "standing in front of the ark, And in order to prevent the delay in prayer he was accepted as rabbi And the head of the community. When honorary grandparents in Darchin sat in the Badatz Three teachers and dayanim (among them Rabbi HaGaon) Rabbi Moshe son of Rabbi Isaac Rabinowitz, later a teacher Teaching in the living rooms, and Rabbi Neta. My grandfather It was customary not to always sit in the Badatz and trust his hands About the three teachers, because he is himself Was busy and busy day and night giving answers about Questions from a distance and in spreading Torah in the plural. When he arrives Dretsina brought with him thirty learned men Torah, founded a yeshiva-kollel under his supervision and studied there The guys who almost all prepared for the permit- Teaching and ordination to the rabbinate, At that time there was a majority of residents Dartsien from all strata, - the merchants, the shopkeepers, Craftsmen - Innocent Jews, loyal To the customs of Israel and its commandments, Shas students, Ein- Yaakov and Mishnayot, on the island of Beit Midrash 3 times On the day and cherished Torah scholars, Everyone would go in and out of the rabbi's house, which was Accepted and loved by his congregation. At Dad's house numbers There was a simple and humble Jew, Zadok; Zhener ", one of Grandpa's ardent followers, for whom Be happy and delight the whole audience on the day of Simchat- Torah. Once upon a time there was a multi-guest beit midrash From another city and demanded his sermon in it, did not swear The will of R. Tzadok, who justified his negative opinion On the preacher in short words: a; the sermons of Rabbi Damta R. Shalom-Dov, who is a famous genius, I do not understand and I do not grasp, while you demanded it Of the pregnant guest I caught and understood .. " Book Thirty My humble grandfather was and did not abort between big and small, between Wealthy beggar. He would say, that every human being was created In the image of Gd and for everyone something important (ha Hidden) in his soul. In 1881, my grandfather grandfathered a Torah tent Shalev to the city of Klatsk, to which Homan was sent by a delegation From the community Dashem, who brought with her the rabbinical report, A About half a century has passed. In Sagat 1906 (1908), when the rabbinical throne was vacated in Darzin, was invited My father, the late Rabbi Chaim-Shimon Haranzon, To serve as rabbi in the community where he served as rabbi and head His father, the Shen Temple, " My father was born in Mezrich-Podelsky. He, too, was detailed In his childhood as a prodigy, as a twelve-year-old he ruled questions, Under the supervision of his genius father, from whom he also drew Torah. Also My father did not rush to the rabbinate, started trading, But most of his time and eyes were on the Torah And also to various sciences, until he became a spiritual leader In his city of residence. In Mezrich. Finally decided to accept The advice of his great father and to accept a rabbinical position. And so Arrived in Darchin, stayed at one of his homes The town, R. Yosef in the late Rabbi Moshe Rabinowitz (Who later became his father-in-law) and received the rabbinical letter. But we did not get help and my genius father did not come in To serve in the Holy as a rabbi in Darchen. In those days My grandfather died, and then my father inherited his place in the KK Klatsk and remains on the rabbinical chair in this community. I remember from my late father a description of the changes that took place In the life of the Dretsin community since 1851, where my grandfather worked The town, until 1906, when my father came there. Over the course of half a century, changes have taken place Many and deep in the customs and way of life of The Jews of Darchen. The generation of learners and practitioners has decreased In the Torah and in the fear of God and the generation of the Enlightenment arose And the revival of the new culture in public life. Ei Twenty years later, in 1926, I came To live in Darzein and I lived there until 1933. About seven These years I will tell in the section intended for this. Passfer Darzain 47 Derechin from My Childhood / Solomon Judson I do not know if it still exists today Derechiner, in all countries wherever they are Have emigrated from their hometown (And certainly not in the destruction of Derechin itself) At least some of them knew it Shtetl, about which I am writing here now. This is Derechin from 15--80 years ago And the memory of those years and of that Shtetl still stands before my eyes today. My childhood swept me in Memory, my life as a boy in love, homely Derechin, until fate forced me Leave my home place and pass no lodge, Where has my father been? I I knew then that I would long for it After Derechin. And I miss my birth- Small town to this day. Believe me, what I say is no exaggeration no. Still as a boy I loved to Draw and paint things that we have Interested, and so time I me of time To time this harmonious image of ours Derechin. I remember her layout Main streets, which were drawn from this Long, well-groomed market: same Street and the German street in the length, Sloni- More street and yatke-alley in the width of Shtetl. All our streets and alleys have Geotemed with warmth and coziness, Especially on sunny summer days, when Jews, Big and small used to see themselves in the streets. The only "threatening" thing that happened Thrown in my childish eyes into those Years, was the high church on Corner market square and Slonimer street, though in Weekdays are rarely seen there Shatzim, In those years there was no one in Derechin Knowing of one gentleman even. The population Rank, which then numbered over a thousand Souls, is composed of landlords, with Own houses and shops ;: Craftsmen, Who worked alone, for themselves and for Others:; Of a small number of people, about Which did not know what they were doing and From which they derive their livelihood. And nevertheless About having once seen a Jewish oriman Walking over the houses, he was no Derechiner, only a newcomer from somewhere- Wow. And that I had once seen in small town Someone, a man or a woman, beautifully dressed, is It was from the "court" that From the other side of the river, there is a stream Of Derechin. A In Derechin did not at that time Filled out no rooms, it was already there A Talmud-Torah, just no yeshiva is ever Came to us not been. The pride of Derechiner pious lite Was, in general, the most impressive Schoolyard, which is made up of a beautiful School and four study halls: the "old wall", The New Wall ", the wooden house Midrash and a Hasidic shtetl come to the side. In The Society of the Most Important, Holy buildings found the house- Rabbi, where the family of Rabbi lived And what also served as a "court"? For the urban Jews who used to go there Come up with their arguments and lawsuits - things Which have never been fulfilled in Derechin. In the years, about which I write here mine Memories, was Mra Datra of Derechin 58 The well-known Rabbi Yosef-Zundel Hutner, An author of important books, who has- Two generations of famous rabbis are left behind: A son who held a great rabbinate- Position in Warsaw and a grandson - the son From Warsaw Rabbi - A Great Rabbinical O- Authority that has along with Hrb Meir Berlin et al worked on a new edition Of Shas in Israel. About our Derechiner UB of those Years I have something interesting to the- Count, but about this a little later, after- This is how I will finish with the picture From my hometown, which I grind constantly Since 75--80 years, as it looked In my childish eyes at that time, When Derechin was "Katikna", it means --- In order, and Derechiner born Have not yet come out in the breeze- Ter world published. In later years, when Some of our detectives are gone In distant cities and countries, there are a couple Of them became famous, but not always To praise. Generally, however, this Jewish dere- Qin published famous scholars, Mashki Lim, writer, among them the height: Gifted Hebrew writer Bershadsky, Author of "Against the Stream" and other well-known Novels and novels that have enriched The Young Hebrew Literature 'of the latter Time, And it is no wonder that it does Had such a poetic effect on spirit- Rich and sensitive youth. I'm until Today full of opulence and adoration to mine Birthplace, in particular, is this feeling I was strengthened after that Got acquainted with other towns in Our area, like the neighboring same, or Zhetl, where I studied for a while in the Seating. Only then did I create a Full picture of beautiful Derechin, with all Grace-folding and mood-creating places and Book Thirty Angles, which still stem, it turns out, from Those ancient times, when the Duke of Sapieha had Selected Derechin as his residence for The years of his reign in Lithuania. Thanks to the Sapieha family is more convenient And handsomely built a significant part Of Derechin, but the largest and one- Pressure opteru up of dukes, which is until Our years remain as a testimony of His practice- Tables and aesthetic entrepreneurial spirit, Are, the palaces, which he left Build on the corner of German Street, and the, push- Ter mountain "opposite the palace (around 9) Year after I left our town, Wen I came there to arrange my pres- Affairs, the palaces were transformed In Russian military barracks, of well- There were odors of soldiers- Shine ...). The "empty mountain" is unclear Intrigues the children and youth of the Chin. It was a hill with a large, Framed basement below, plastered with be- Do the flooring and walls, with A secret- Fully cemented door, which has, according to Stories and legends, should lead to A Long tunnel dug as far as Ruzhinoy. The best that Derechin possessed Was "the gooseberry orchard", to the front- Side of Deutscher Gaas, surrounded by a Compact-built parkan, No wonder that part of Derechin, With old-fashioned garden, with palaces And mountain, overgrown with old trees, Attract to themselves the youth of small town and were A place for her meetings. Ar When talking about Yiddish Derechin, is It is worthwhile to get acquainted with her spirituality Leadership, though from the recent past- Genesis. In this congregation rabbinate once existed Known that a considerable number of rabbis, who Book Thirty Were entitled to a special prestige And recognition, have their first rabbinate- Positions had in Derechin and that the Great-generation R 'Eliyahu-Chaim Meizel, who has The second half of his life occupied this Place of chief rabbi in Lodz, was not The only one of the world-famous rabbis, What did their rabbinate begin in that Chin. Going back in time, about what- I'm writing here now, I can not myself Contents of Tell Derechiner Lands- People who want to read Derechiner ; Izkur Bud, a remarkable story that I hktn have then, in eleventh year of my Lived with Rabbi van Derechin in the latter Time and what has stuck with me Memory more than any other experience In my hometown. At the beginning of my tenth year of life did My father E.H., who was known In Shtetl Uyudl the writer, left The Lithuanian Derechin and Awek- Traveled no lodge. He searched and Hence better opportunities on out- Use his great knowledge in Hebrew and German. Our no''re big family'le Remained waiting in Derechin until the Father will be able to send after us We, the oldest child in the family, Put his departure to the test To the people. I have Norwegian had completed these Zhetler yeshiva and I did not know what Next to do with yourself. As an associate of Rabbi Yosefzundel Hot My Uncle Solomon Rosenberg, A Gentleman GM- Ra-teacher and, Kazioner RB "in those years He brought up a good idea about what To do with me: As the rabbi has two Sons, the elder, a lion, a generation of thirteen Year, and the second, Hertzimendl, A boy At my age - both brothers with sharp Caps for study, my uncle had a couple Suggested that a large LM- should be invented 89 Dan, who may by summer study with Me and with hearts-Mendel though A couple Hours a day. The rabbi agreed My uncles pla, and ovi m 'hat in Shtetl itself could not find a teacher An expert who should be suitable for such two Tel- Tired, one was brought down from another Shtetl A retired from rabbinate and It was arranged in a suitable time- A widow came to a room for two Students on two-three hour afternoon. On the third week of the private Hadrl enters Herz-Mendel on a certain day A foreman with a request from his fathers This rb that I should come see him after Finish our teaching. I began to feel; "strange" A little shy, I always sought out- Avoid an opportunity of being involved In a conversation with an older person, in particular About an issue that has nothing to do with ig- Happy in my years — and who cares A conversation with Rabbi Aline, about which mine Uncle Solomon thinks he is all Torah! But I understand that my hesitation- Lean yourself and shame yourself we will not help- Fn, I made myself a heart and immediately After studying, I left with my neighbor Herz-Mendel to find out what We must have his father, the great rabbi. When we arrived at Rabbi House, My neighbor led me to his tatf Which is sitting in a deep armchair and His extraordinarily large head was Bent over a large gemara, at Which he did with his short-sighted eyes Kept looking. Feels that someone is standing up to him, said The rabbi raised his head and seeing We said, "Well, Solomon, who are you?" He got up and got up. Take a walk in a special room, give me a Sign with my hand that I should follow him- Come on, 50 The small room in which the rabbi Introduced me, was ordered With lockers full of books, with A table, On which there are inscribed Sheets of paper and writing utensils and with a Pair of comfortable chairs The rabbi, R 'Yosef-Zundl, pointed me out On a chair that stood in front of the table, And when I sat down, he said Removed from the manuscripts the upper Written page and we gave in hand Enter, to see if I can, if I may Can read what is written. At my first glance at what was written But I thought I was just watching Clusters of twisted and transplanted Scripture of Gemara-language, and thereby I have Feeling we have 'Run out of gas' emotionally Waiting for a response. I have myself but Not lost. My young eyes were wide open A second and third time over written- Take text until I'm sure that I can read and, in part, also understand What it's about in writing Lines. I have yet to do anything. Stands, for what purpose the rabbi has After we sent. But here has the RB, yet All standing, took speech to me; Do you think, Solomon, that you can read? See the signature and you will know too Rewrite the manuscript so that everyone should Can read easily? " "I think you are," I said Great man, answered, though me is It was not yet clear what I needed Here in general comes such a thing. The rabbi was obviously offended What I was thinking and taking for granted: The inscribed pages which you see Here on the table, are a part of a book, which Needs to be printed. So is my signature Is a bit a heavy that typewriter in The printing presses want to get rid of it, it said A Prussian, a Pharisee, who studied in Sepo Darzain "Old wall", done for me He rewrote the manuscript of my Satan's book, "Hevel Yosef", before he read Needed to go to press, and lately he has Also started working on writing Second book, Hevel Yosef Tanina ", but it has Made himself just so that he needed Return home ... * The rabbi still told me that in Shtetl he could not find the cinema, which Should be able to make such cake work, and mine Uncle Solomon gave him no advice, he Let me try and see if I can Make this Prush's work. To be sure right on the spot, if I am going to rewrite his sworn writing- Yad, the rabbi asked me on the spot himself Sit down and show him what I can do. Do (the price that the Prussian received) Before overwriting a double-page arc Ter was five kopecks): Finished with me, after he Drew my attention to certain things Handwriting and alphabet marks Ruth on wide blank ba the side, is The rabbi goes back to the room where he is Sat ba the gemara during min arrival and I got involved in the work, Not quite sure it will happen We submitted. It took me an entire three hours Overwrite first day in a clearer Signature two with a half bow. Mean This means that the first day of my work As a wage earner, I earned twelve and A half kopecks. I was disappointed. Me is I liked the work and it may be that I would even have done it for free. On the third day in the afternoon I was beautiful The work went lighter and I did Overwritten four whole sheets, which means, That I earned in two hours a whole twenty- Tsik kopikes. But when it came Book Thirty By the fourth day, we were just finished Had to study an hour earlier than expected Weeping, and so the day was a Revival and I'm already more than a "I haven't been to a gooseberry orchard this week," I said Thought I'd have to run there In an hour and a half, and I'll be fine Stay plenty of time for my work with Rabbi. Umar and Usha - and I left In orchard. Beyond me is there in the latter Time no one was, and I felt, That the whole orchard belongs to me. I am Ran and jumped from one place to Second; The spring air made me- Taken and caressed from all sides, just like She would be grateful to me for my visit At such hours, when no one else is in orchard Gone. Busy with such thoughts and Feeling we have 'Run out of gas' emotionally It's too late to go do my work To the rabbi, and I am away home. On morning after study, when I have Should go to my work at rb, hob I feel that I can not do this in any way Do, because what excuse can I make out- Thinking about my last night's non-coming? Am I left the room again in agrest- Sod ", thinking that the rabbi will shun Certainly find someone else on my site. But this coming afternoon is heart- Mendel entered the room and with his Monotone voice again said:, shl- Dad, Dad asked you to Come ". Not having any choice I am Immediately from the room to the rabbi's house I was sure this was it Last time of my go to rb. I made a mistake, though. Incoming A disgrace and loser at large Room, where the rabbi usually sits Leaning over a large book, I got up 51 Amazed to see how the rabbi stands On and leads me immediately into small Hadar'l, he speaks to me so calmly And slowly, counting his words: ; Shlomo'ke, if you think that five kopecks A bow is not enough, I will give you Ten copies for each sheet ... I was so touched by it The tenderness, with which the great Rabbi, Rabbi Yosef-Zundel spoke to Me, to a boy, who is still no whole Eleven years not old. I accepted With courage and swore that I have Nothing meant with my non-coming the two Days to work: That I have not even Started thinking about money, - but The rabbi did not allow me to speak anymore And I said, 'From now on, I will.' Obtain ten copies of Boygf The result was that of that Day without, my work doubled down Her speed, until my earnings have Happened to more than three rubles a week. So. This continued for about seven months, until The last sheet of the book, Hevel Yosef Tanina " Was transcribed with my hand- Script. A At the end of my memoirs I would like to Once emphasize that I have always And everywhere carried in memory my birth- Shtetl Derechin. And when I wrote These lines were before my eyes Our town, just the way it looked Once upon a time, in the light of a beautiful summer- Day, from Joshua the blacksmith's cousin to The Garbarnia and the Temple on the other side Stream in the width of Derechin, and In its length - from the end of the same street to To the "palaces" and "gooseberry-sod" on German Street, Solomon Judson Three stories of Formerly Derechin Solomon Judson, born in Derechin, has In his younger years he emigrated to America And was a collaborator for many years , "Forward" and "Day-Morning-Magazine". D Three stories are taken from his first Book Writings, from Three Worlds ", published By "Kletskin-Farlag" in Vilnius this year 199. 41 I would probably feel happy- Last boy in town, when not the fear, Which made me bitter my best Childhood. As soon as the night used to go down- Let something rise up in me Strange alarm-feeling. Everything around was: Get a horrible meaning, and from the The air smelled of house. Cemetery ",; Shrouds" and Fethra-Bret ". I was not so afraid of demons As for the dead, though they used to come to us In small towns tell such terrible me- Demons of demons and not good, who have Settled into Haches Stodole; In the old ruin behind Bod, and bye Itchenke Clmns in forecourt; The glory of demons I was no more afraid than I was of Abby What a living thing that can cause harm Or Oftun A toy. The real deal is Before we came from death. The death in Book Thirty M W A For me it was the source of all fear. Pretended that someone had died, I have already been cared for for weeks Long with horror-filled nights. The next day I left Take yourself sometimes brine for yourself, take With a mindful thinking of all the dead, that I Have been able to in life, and moreover, ostensibly Brave, pretend to be me - No. But hardly in came the night and A hardened silence surrounded everything- Wrapped, so as if a pestle passed My lion; The mysterious dark fear Pressed over my eyes and the Tut has for me tangled in his White wardrobe. "Only one," I often did, in the afternoon Usually, argue for yourself - why Have the other children not fear! OT Moshe lives near the same bath and places him It nothing; Behold, Jesus is near by Mohilkes and he leaves winter night from Book Thirty Room Alone: ​​And Herz Mendel the RBS con In the middle of the night cats are chasing each other at home. Elmin and it falls him nothing one fear To have, and you, soon a great khur Are you afraid of shadows on the wall? It was all day. Hardly but is It's just been dark outside, mine are Thoughts as if paralyzed. With what I was just trying to break free, Did not help. I think, think, Of climbing a tree, of jumping Over graves near the barracks, or from Playing in war: Here I already have Almost worked out a whole plan for a Maneuver on next Friday. - When I come but to end and il throw A look at what my mind has just- What built up, suddenly floats out in front My eyes a world of the dead, what my feeling Weaved himself at the same time In the dark. I always used to go to bed when everyone was asleep In house were still on were, lest the fear Should to me not have any too great dominion And I used to pick myself up in the middle of it Night and feel the dark air with kind Healing face, I used to cover myself right away With the blanket, constrict itself, Just How I would feel safer, having My limbs closer to themselves, and torment themselves I fell asleep again, until I woke up Poured with sweat. Someone whispered, Or did someone cough in their sleep? I used to be a refresher. I used to Take a deep breath and feel like sighs We grew bigger in heart. That I used to accept myself with heart And try in my mind to draw nearer For that matter, I used to gradually mine Fear of being transformed into a thing, for Which I could not name at all Find. There was no more that fear, Which torments the unknown and shakes The nerve,. When one is in loneliness and 53 In the dark, however, it stood for We clear and bold A figure, which I Didn't dare look inside. Wanted, the dead! I used to think, How can this tragedy be avoided? How can people live in peace, at the time, When they know that somewhere-somewhere lurks already after Is she dead? And here falls me one the, That one, from the older people I know, And this heart depresses me. Soon, Soon, how long can they live? And my Fantasy goes so far, and grinds We already have didactic faces in pale yellow Color of death, and I'm shocked Over love and I seek to avoid and Forget didactic faces in order to Ter, after death, not stand so sharply before My eyes. But gradually a time came, When I felt, to a certain degree Satisfied with my fear. Then out Finding the correct motive of mine Fear not, my nightmare I did not go out- Showed more so ridiculous ba my batogiken, D. H. that my fear is not stupid, weak Feeling, just turned, A clearer stronger Concept of the inexorable end of Man. And once, it was beautiful, gentle Winter evening, I have a thought, too Put yourself on trial. The whole family ours have had Their .cities "in, wooden" beit-midrash. Of course, this is also true. When my beit midrash, and came to me Considered the most important in town, though The rabbi used to pray in the old age Wall and the great Rabbi Moshe - in school. Gays were certainly in woodcut House: The Midrash as in the others, since The temple was closed, cared for Passing poor lite there have their Hostel. There on the "lezhanke" people said At that time I could see a "new face" 54 And hear a joke from afar. Dogs That, "ituml" and old recipes that they are Used to indulge in their tricks When the owners used to go out: Sprigg- Go over stands and throw bags on The Pharisees from behind the stage; Accept Full mouthpiece with kerosene and sprinkle on Burning havoc, of which it used to A rain of sparks flows, and such Tricks, used to be really cheerful, and He just did not want to leave There, But against all these virtues it has The wooden beit midrash had one shortcoming Which weighed them all ten times - there in Polish, at the right entrance, Hevra-Kadisha considered this, tahra- Board ". Year one, year out it stood in Same angle, in the same position, the Above pressed to the wall, and the Downstairs, Izh ascends to the steps, where it is Make yourself at the wide door in Beit Midrash Entered, lest it should fall. With the Left side it was pressed to The west-wall, and made this Impression of a bead in an orchard. It did not happen to me once Should pass, it should not tremble Show me where a hidden nerve. It Celebrated his day, in brightest sunshine. Beautiful, I could not open full My eyes and it bold gaze. Even Saturday Or holiday, to, read, "when the Polish Is full of people, said this board Disturbed my mood. Today who is speaking Already from evening. In the evening I would be alone Not passed that one should me Discount. And perhaps I have once noticed This corner empty, made me fear Even more depressing, because I knew That later or tomorrow, she will again here Stand with damp stains on yourself. Book Thirty There was already a piece in Adar. D Evenings have no longer had this serious Expression as in mid-winter. They are Became once shorter, and thus alone Already, bearable, for the frightening Nature. The atmosphere was full of Shelach-Manot, Haman-Klaferiy and a hearty po- Rim-Mood, Sitting thus, in one of didozike In the evenings, in the beit midrash, I had lunch Fulfilled in myself, as if I were someone Elsewhere, and not I, and immediately A statement made To myself: Today I am going home alone! And hardly I just said it like an echo Responded immediately from all faces Inner chambers: Today I go alone Home! Yet once again I have not the thing Could survive. Lost! I made up my mind and left On a miracle. It was after evening. The congregation is Already been divorced. Beyond the Pharisees, Which were twisted in the corners Behind their stands, and the some Arimelite on the stage, no one is Were in the beit midrash. Just what did moon- Miel der Cheshler with whom I used to Opt walk up to our house, leave this Beit-Midrash, and I immediately saw that Intentionally or unintentionally, I will today Must be a hero, It's half an hour away, a whole, too I have but never had any courage Execute my plague. I did a Thought of the last second, when I I did not want to go at all Heavenly on heart, and I wished, Let someone come in, with whom I'm Should at least be able to pass the schoolyard .. but To my misfortune no one came, And I have already lost all hope. Sometimes I see through a window, like Someone walks across a schoolyard with a lantern, I hastily jumped up, took Book Thirty Run to the door with big steps, and somehow Squeezed under the nose. Correct as I would mess with this will. Coming to the door, I felt How I felt hot everywhere, and how I had a problem with the loop - Lost! I said to myself Alone, I opened the door wide. A blas- Red sheen fell into the curve over Polish. It fell exactly on purity- Board. I felt like my heart was slipping Yourself down. However, lost! I left the door open and myself Hastic passed through polish. Mine Eyes have swiftly looked into cursed Corner, where the purification-board stands (as 2. Eclipse As fast as it spread News of the alcove ", came in Shtetl began to row where one is Went, people talked only about it, and Late in the evening people could still Meet Cufkes people at Mark or Ba Though on log, talking about Demi This important news that stood out "The siren" And yet such as this time should have been 1 In "The Siren" stood that since the 1724 is such a "lkoi-hma" not been Come Samuel, Joseph Nachs, the only one in Shtetl to which the Ahsfirah "used to belong" Come, the thresholds were struck. People Wanted to see with their own eyes What's in the siren 'stands for this, and that Has the newer number arrived? With A whole "essay," where it was spoken Reports of poor heat in general and of The hi-year-olds generally have people Just pretend: Ha! What we want 55 The thief looks without the wild Bestie, getting out of the cage), I trembled with all my limbs, - Come to the door, bind one! - Hot A voice is heard from below, Board. I have not closed the door yet. I'm barely dead to fear Lose home. In a few days around met me this Gitomel ", If you will let me open the door In Beit-Hamdrash once more, when I spent With the beam of the bed, you will be a Black year alignment! - Has the itumul Counted the words and thereby threatened Middle finger. - ח מ ה It survive? A thing that happens one Time in a hundred years! I was still too young then - a year No, not at all - to be able to understand why A, lkoi-hma "is, and even that I have this , Article "In, The Siren" read, is We also completely no clears of this not Came out. The whole story has me Held in a dream, thought to- Condition. Deep in the brain there was something wrong Woven image of heavens, of suns, of Moons and smooth planets that rotate Around in large space and come one this Second in the way, but that I used to want it Reach with my understanding, used this image Start melting and simmering. I'm jealous Were the "big ones" who got over it Speaking with such certainty, just like her Would have it before my eyes. That it came close to certain Day, it was in the women's schools, over- Central in, Hiltzernem "Beitihmdrash could 56 See as Pharisees and just Balaamites Guys smoke smoky glass, that is Known as a remedy to be able to look through This on the sun. Homeowners have prepared tubs with Water, a medium which is by all accounts Been accepted for the best I have already smoked too For a large chunk of glass, for which I had to break out a again on Attic: had prepared the quicksand "and Waited impatiently for the secret Nipple day. It seemed to me that I could believe it That in broad daylight, when the sun goes around Rod and hot over a clear sky, should With once become dark, ui at night, though Take and read, read aloud. ”But a world Will not be fooled! Loat this article in "The Siren", said the "Suffice it to say"? Minutes after six, immediately after the first, Manny, And finish, late in day entered. Well, then Gets up but on so early! Many times I wanted to get up for the first time, But never failed. And how will I'm actually going to sleep 1 Didactic concern plagued not only Myself, even greater than I fear Had that they would fall asleep. The "Skiddler" fellow, the elder Pharisee In the wooden beit midrash, gave up A plan, to try the night before Poison-hot, a "guard", um to be sure Not to sleep. Everyone has his plan Caught up with joy and wherever a guy In small town, he prepared for the vigil. I barely felt what he was doing Let me go too. I had to To obey, obey "the mother at least." A month later. Finally the time has come. Still west have the conspirators taken Gather in the wooden beit midrash, and Book Thirty Gradually, they gathered there Virtually the entire youth of the town, It started in the "old wall" Also wanted to stay overnight and have a guard there For himself, but as if there were few Youth, they had to submit And enclose itself without a wooden beit midrash. This whole town is already fast asleep. Every one of them went to bed early To be able to rise dawn. The hayloft Stood silent and drowsy. They have Looked like they were huddled in The cool shadows of the night. On the roof Fell the pale fair of the young Moon, which hung like a silver , Serf "behind, rad" store. From time to time Time has sounded like a fave. " The old caller guard, gives signals On his pipe. In Beit Midrash was alive. People Immediately saw that this was not the case No ordinary guard. No one did Learned, even, Beryl constant "was sitting In the corner of Aaron the Holy, the pillar Locked to himself, with the hand in the Closed Gemara, and looked thoughtful Into the world. Many stood Or sat in "cupcakes" and spoke of This is an important moment, which is coming soon Arrival. Others have told themselves smooth So stories, and again others are gone Riding on stands and LED maneuvers Res around the stage. I'm going from one Head to the second; A ride time itself Mounted on horseback on a pole. I But felt that nothing was mine To the heart. The whole thing has something to do with me "Mishmar" looked like a hollow of the sanctuary Wanted that at such a moment should Be quiet. Every one should be with himself Alone, um to be able to units individually enter into Himself the divine greatness, which leads the Suns and planets in the paths he Prepared for them in HML. Book Thirty When it began to dawn, it happened The audience took to the smoked glasses, Everyone chose a place, Which is not represented in the East, and itself Prepared for the show. Single com- Fannie is away behind the city on Post Mount. I should have gone with the Campaign, though I would have preferred Be alone. It was still not day enough And I felt dizzy. Coming close to the empty mountain, has too The day meanwhile A piece emerged. The East in were muddy-red, gleaming With violet-pink stripes, which have themselves Spread evenly over the middle of the green And blue mixed sky. On the grass is Laid a silver dew and from the leaves Have big drops, like cold tears, coming out- Looked with anxiety to the day. It was a thin, transparent mist On ever advance. I felt this Whole breath of nature. It was So cool, so mysterious! And soon, soon this had to happen Great, perhaps the greatest miracle. The lightness has increased gradually, people Could see how it was getting brighter and Heller. The landscape became ever wider And extender. From one side is this Village; Alexhits "emerged from Tumah And from the second, the forest on- Begin to stand out with its type of grenade- Color. Sparrows have caught up and Cheerful, like not feeling for anything that Must happen soon, tweeted the new Day opposite. Through head we ran thoughts: One hundred and sixty-five years are Away since something like this had happened It must happen soon. O. How big is the Eternity !? And yet so many years Will leave until it happens again The same thing is happening today. Where will from 57 Us then A male stay? Who will do that? Remember? Who will remember us! My heart is full of mourning, Sour feelings. I. Felt that we Is impossible to stay with the campaign, And I was left with a choice of places For himself, I came up with the idea d Spring "in sod. I have come ge- Clears: If one can see the eclipse-heat in A barrel of water will still be in the spring Certain knowledge! 1 I immediately turned around. The spring was very deep. You Surface shone with a calm sheen. On the one hand, where the vent was low- Richer, is descended a thin stream, Squirmed over washed Rocky and clear sand, until it has- Long way to the river, below the mountain. She did Shone like a smoky mirror, just like that Nothing would have happened to her and you Permanent overflow would have occurred Eternal calm. It happened to her- Hit the sky and A crooked branch of A Near tree, I sat down on a plane Stand by and wait. Sometimes it fell on the tree-tops The pale beauty of the just-in-time Going sun. And the beauty grew stronger, And when the sun had risen, The beauty became more and more apparent Spread over the branches. The extremely ancient green Giants have already half hidden in light. Finally I saw her in Krenitsei Her color was fresh. Gosene mesh. And indeed soon her roundness itself Taken flat, from the left side. D Flattening is what once was everything Visible, until it has fallen into a Half circle. This figure of the sun has 58 Slowly changed so and accepted The shape of the moon, as it rises Grows on back. Slowly, gradually, is The sun was completely turned off, leaving Just a sign of her skin, - a round, Domestic, scattering matte light across the sky. Arum It was getting dark, but it was getting dark. And strangeness seized me. I Was afraid to move from place to place. I I sat a stiffener. A breeze did Himself carried from branch to branch, over. Giving in to the silent mysteries of the air The leaves have shaken in the Great darkness, and through whole orchard Took a mysterious breath. I am afflicted with lions. I thought they were right- 3 to For a whole year, people used to see only in school The young people, the weak downers, who Come just stop praying and run away, Shabbat, when in the beit midrashim one still holds When reading or at the beginning, add People in school are already putting on the tallitim. And Hurry home. Even Sabbath-blessings, either Feast, when the cantor with the poets used to Praying, one is not out there either Later than from the Beit Midrashim, because the School-men have always been without permission Certain privileges, this front "of Praying was always demanded: of In the morning, no one was made to Great way. Solomon was usually placed This Chesler and he used to paint it As in a mill, and on a feast day People there throw out whole chunks of feud That there was simply a mercy on cycle. In winter, the school is used in the middle of the week Nothing open, because it was cold there As in a lyadovnye, and also summer has People very opt there could not be together- Sepo Darzain Came the; six days of Genesis ", when God Say a word and a whole world becomes Created. Sometimes a half-circle appeared Streak. Light on site Extinguished sun and the orchard became Transparent; Gradually the streak became wider And brighter, gradually has the lightness Himself again poured over everything around, until the Last spot is from the sun disappeared. I entered the town by the Deutscher Strasse. The market and the school-yard Were full of people. In the Wide street-run flooded water like After a torrential downpour. There have been all these Tub poured. Coffee Choose a count. In the morning the air is there Been biting-cool even in Tammuz, and that The armpit is usually folded Tefillin, used to be a screw across the lion And the swollen arm protruded. Shot in tiny dots. Of the Floor, which was much deeper than The school-yard, and whose boards there are Did not approach one to the other, did Let yourself feel the cold breath of The earth, and from heights, not chosen Ceiling, dropped a strange kile Emptiness. The long drawn-out windows are Stood quite high in the walls, much Closer to the crooks than to the Podhube, And the sun never shone upon them Presented below to the congregation. The best that All she could do was look inside In the window from the south-side on the Gray, raw-getinkeveter north-wall, or Display a ridge or pillar The tall, unpainted carpenter Sepo Darzain Bima, who was standing in the right middle School. The only place where the sun has Could reach people, was the Women's school, which is behind, in the west, Underneath over polish. But it is There rare when been for whom to shine. Mostly not felt in school The consistency, the invented Proficiency as in the Beit Midrash. D , "Cities" were haphazard, this Sabbath did Held a city one, and lodged Another. It looked like community, And only in the days of adversity did men Could see who the real ones are there Belebatim, But Simchat Torah used to come At night, used to suddenly disappear from the School her cool, casual look. And like a warmer, happier, full of Life beating breath would flow from All corners and filled the hearts with Live. Simchat Torah was the school's center Of life and lust in town. Wherever there was a place away- Provide a potato lighter Burned a candle; Wherever a beam, a rafter Or A Pole. Were hooked Lighter, from sticks with healed Chestnuts or potatoes, where they have Stitched burning candle. Like stars In heaven they have twinkled beneath, and The big hangman with the big one Stearinove light, and the four large flash- Lamps have filled all corners with light, All faces shone. One could See how each one is infected with Cheer. Young and old, pious and early, Everyone feels resurrected. There is a correction in the town, then Simchat Torah At night the rabbi prays in school. This in The only time of year that the corner From the right side Arun Kudesh is held. And along with Rabbi comes also his whole 59 Sweet and smooth pious Jews of the other Beit Midrashim, which would be like this in Shul Did not come. Today you can see them in this field Evening red, blue, white and all sorts of others Color of clothing that is thrown in The eyes between the muddy, dark, nothing Telling colors of things men wear. Girls, little ones, mediums and even brides- Girls come downstairs, just like all men, True, they do not go further than that Bima, but there they mix between the Mansbills, just as it would have been on "Singing", This coming they see the "circles", kiss the Torah scrolls and take part in the free life Evening, For the young, it's a whole lot Joy. Whoever knows it. Gathered up Behind the stage; People are divided Cupcakes, one casts eyes upon the girls. Others, somewhat, are not ashamed and Chefen with the girls perfectly candid That it comes the time of cycles, and the Girls step in to kiss the Torah scrolls, Caught himself once under A uiler young and Put under a hand, of which it Stamps off the girls kiss. This girl Becomes red, the boys and boys making A whole lot of turmoil, oh, oh, oh! A kiss done A. In Khurs Hunt! This girl is worth but not Scared and aiming for another Torah scroll. And what the girls are pushing themselves Ever more to the books of the Torah, ever more reclining The boys their hands to catch the kiss And perhaps failed it, seek her though So insure a girl, bam hand, bam tsof, Or though came the blouse. It used to be The happiest minutes for the lads. Ei This year the school was lit more Like every year. The new candlestick, which Rabbi Moshe the gentleman's wife married a donor 60 Is hung over right mid-stage, and All three floor-pipes were on- Sticked with semi-pointed candles, which Have assembled a large lump Fire. Everyone was amazed Over this bright giant, --- Well, what did Derechin live for! - Did I hear something A young bridegroom Say - such a hangman posts himself though For a Vilnius school! - Not difficult, - said someone, from one side, Answer - With our school we have Nothing to be ashamed of. I have obviously Somehow a world, but many such Schools I have not seen I always used to have such conversations Hire nose and ears and listen mid Greatest interest. This time, however, I did Feeling we have 'Run out of gas' emotionally And from second issued. I sir take from Cities, people, things and so on, however I feel that before we have them now no Meaning not. My whole attention Is applied behind the stage-to. Every ride Minute catch I there A look. It is however Still too early. - She will also come to Hakafot! - Gave me a question shot of several days Getochet. My eye-covers moved as if Exhausted, just as if something were a burden On them held in one press. My heart Knocked hard and my thoughts Were dazed and as in a chad. From nine o'clock I did not whine See, from that day o in which mine Childish heart has in itself the first Breath of love sucked in, and my mood swelled Suddenly felt in a strange condition, Which embraced me with mist- Hapt secrets. But from then on she is on One minute of my imagination did not give up, Her pale face, her pitch-black glow " Shining eyes, and her black-wrinkled Book Thirty Short-sleeved hair, have kept me going Buy her red blouse and pink Take a short skirt, which she then has Worn, did not allow themselves to be decapitated From my gaze. Where I used to look is Hyke was the first, and then the Object on which I looked. Above her eyes, they have me On a minute not neglected. - I have Studying, reading a book, they have themselves Tumbled between the lines, between the Words and me confused. The happiest I used to spend minutes when I used to Sleep go. I hardly used to lie down, This is how my imagination started to Paint paradise pictures for my mind where I am And they were the only living ones Creatures ... - We both sit in Forest, in the same place where we have nine- Bab along berries picked. We sit like that Close to one another, much closer than Then ... and look at yourself with open eyes. No How then, when our gazes used to meet- Gene, have them straight to the ground Dropped; --- I take her without ba the hand And I try in my mind to drive- Put the feeling that takes me through, when I hold her soft, warm handle in mine. Take her by the other hand, look You entered deep into the eyes. She looks at me Without shame, turns red and gives a confusion Trembling. Her lips moved, she felt something Say, but have not the courage .. my courage Becomes by the stronger. Oh, babe! " I cry out with confusion: Do you love me? Like me you? "She grows pale. I leave Open her hands and throw herself face to face The earth; My eyes widen Tears and my heart beats so hard, So fast. My head is so tired, so Diffused. I'm looking for a place for him. I put him here, I put him there, until I quarreled with him on the edge of her Dress. - The smell of the gay cardboard gives Sepo Darzain We A hack in nose. A fresh stream runs Through my heart: I feel like it's opening up For me a new world, with a new life, Of which I have until not long ago completely Had no concept. It's worth me Hot Listen Learn. - I want to press on to you, feel You warm, fresh body, kiss all Glider her. I'm but ashamed for My own thought and let go of mine Hands down, and look at her with a glance, Who begs for mercy, This is how I used to always start painting this Bills, of the "same scene. Quite often, I used to explore new environments, new Positions, but so naturally feel, oh At that scene - in that place Forest, where we really once had Sitting together - I did not in any case Could not. I used to get confused, Unable to create a brand new account Thesis image. And used to turn back to This scene, which I enjoyed so much Realized that it was me that occurred that We have it in truth indeed together Lived through, and so I cared for virtually everyone Night fell asleep. To There was a slap across the page And the voice of the gbai, which saith, That the, torg "on; you have shown" begins itself Oops It started with, three guilders and Ten groschen "and was thus gradually increased, Tsengroshendikerwei, until it presented Thirty-six guilders. Bought it Two neighboring residents, in partnership. Shaft verses They distributed: to the rabbi, to R 'Moshe and After a ride lovely hosts, and this The rest they kept to themselves. They have , Chopped "Hebrew on which the world stands, And the crowd nodded and smiled Over the rural Hebrew. 61 Standing near uncle and saying with Him of one cycle, I noticed ui A ride from above takes off To slip behind the stage. I have Stood that there must already be girls. My My heart started beating like that. It Told me on sure that hyhke is Already been there, but I did not Could decide to go down; I have Feared, perhaps she was not there. It I preferred to stand here and myself Imagine that she is there yes yes Close to me ... Finally I put on some strength Approached closer to the stage. I have Standing in a corner, between two Slopes, from where I could see these Whole campaign girls, who were All on one side. There are but there Were so much that one could not See all clear. I searched with my eyes Her red blouse and pink skirt. It is But there was no such thing When I got closer to the Girls, pretending I'm just passing by, Sir, I'm like one girl saying: - Hyke, See! Here is Solomon! No answer did Myself not heard, but I felt the Embarrassment in which she found herself And of which it also has my face Flamed. Hyke was sitting on a bench with Her neighbors behind the whole campaign Girls. She was wearing a white dress A black loop at the end of the Add sailor-collar. On her breast There have been signs of virginity already seen. She Looked much paler than nine bab In forest. Her eyes were fixed Larger and shinier. I looked at her, She's me, and soon our eyes are for- Glivered in the air. - o. Let her know what I stand for Get away from her, always, when I go to sleep 62 What would she remember about me? - Is me I had a thought and it's warm to me Happened in face. So does she already know, That I'm not at all that quiet as People are holding me. That I have her then, in the woods, Accepted only by the hand, she nodded We looked with such a face, like one Says: Fe, for you post it not! Today After such things as I allow myself to Thinking of you.i. It started to mix in my head. I thought, without all looking at me And see all that is going on in me. Every second was an eternity for me. Kate. I did not know what it was Will end. Luckily for me, a neighbor approached, and We have talked about other things. I Felt a little distracted. This neighbor knew him well Squeak and with the other girl who is with You sat together. He approached her I almost followed him. Soon a general developed Conversation, and I have in the eyes of a bitch Notice a shy satisfaction. I Took it on my account, Meanwhile, the cycles began. This youth. Back in school, turned up A law performed closer to the stage. It is Became a whole mishmash. Boys, girls, All together. People were exposed In two lines and yourself saved, who with The mouths, who with the hands, in the books Aryan theories. Sepo Darzain I came out to stand in the Second line, opposite Hihken. - Everyone Once upon a time, my gaze was fixed on you. Area I felt like a kidney magic Wrap me around. I stood in one Trembling, she should not A look tone with the Same eyes also on another. I have She already wishes she had nothing better Have come here .. I stood like a thief. Dry Circles have been made and I have Yet no single Torah scroll is not a kiss ghetto. Hyhke also does not have a single book Untouched. Apparently, my uneasiness did too On her effect. Occasionally comes without the fourth coffee. It has Someone pushed a squeak and she was Virtually fell with the mouth without a Torah scroll, She could not help herself otherwise A kiss to do. There was occasional laughter. - Burrell the carpenter, Beibak "has under- Touched his paw and the kiss was on her Fell. It irritated my head. - Rogue one! Grumpy young! - Hot My voice was in my throat. When I If I could, I would Killed. Hyke turned red, looked at me With moist eyes and is out. I thought my heart was beating Out. Book Thirty The Chinese Moshav / The Signy Colony Nefesh to the homes of the late Dina, Modest goose and plot, which Was plucked at the cost of her days in PSZ 5767, H. צ. M. Open Debo Thousands of cities and towns in Eastern European countries And in its center,. Which the Nazi Ashmadai destroyed in them The Jews who had lived there for hundreds of years remained Standing on tylen. In some of them there are still judges. Individual hut. Even those that have been completely emptied and there are none A Jewish footsteps stepping there - their names were not erased And will not be forgotten from the memory of the Jews, since they were from Ko- Deaths are famous as Torah centers, such as: Wolozaf Mir, Radin, Slobodka, Telz and more; Or because Brought out by people there, such as: the Ga'a from Vilna, R. Levi Yitzchak of Berdychiv, R. Israel Salanter and others; Or because rabbis sat in them. Which in their essays Who composed on their Sabbath there the name of the city is mentioned at the gate The Safo '. Just the place where I was born, a Jewish village of his- Put a family of farmers named Szegieska ", Wiped completely off the face of the earth and left no residue Every male. I was jealous of my hometown, where my son sat Family more than a hundred years, - plowed, sown, planted, They made a living from their labor, and not a trace of them remained For the beautiful name; "Sinesiska", which is only in efforts And much intercession with the PA was given to him. Now, in the evening Sunny, when I was left the only one, who dangled And the causes of the development of the place are known to me. Shit was founded, I said upload in these handfuls of goats My memories, which I drew firsthand, from Avi Zil, And from the grandmother, from the mother of the late father, that they were mirror- Different places. This booklet will serve not only as an ed And there "to the village --- she will tell history to my descendants, 63 Haim Zvi Miller-Sinai Chinese people, wherever they are, and know On the hardships and adventures of the elders- Their ancestors in the conquest of the place and in its holdings, and these Those who sit in the State of Israel will see them as a reflection To the same difficulties of absorption and conflicts with the neighbor In the history of Jewish settlement in the country. Sinai Jewish Colony, She, "Kologihisigieska" Throughout Belarus, between villages without Yahweh " Dim and among Jewish towns, stretched a bitter village Somewhat. Admittedly, it was a village like all the villages; Dairies and stables, vegetable gardens and fruit trees. Around For buildings - wooden houses covered with straw, - field fields And pastures: and the farmers - real farmers, from- Sim plowing, harvesting and threshing. But another form To them: Beard-sized and head-covered and not typical Russians as farmers of the area. These were Jews. Flour Each door was fixed with a mezuzah and in the middle of the street stood on It is called a synagogue built of burnt bricks and a bad roof- Pim, which in comparison with the wooden houses of the peasants was Magnificent building; And they had a rabbi, and also a butcher, from Malam- Dim for their children were inviting from the outside. Here they lived Jews, dear and honest laborers and here they died. Here They had children and here they married their sons, and a people All of Israel was waiting for the coming redemption. Like this The village existed for more than a century, until the Holocaust Which has not been the case since the days of the destruction of the house. The village is a district Completely above ground, all the houses burned down, house The Knesset was completely destroyed and the land was divided between Farmers of the surrounding villages. The name of this village is Akolonia-Sienska "which In Slonim district, 7 km from the town of Drzein The name "Colony" is a general name and the name; Sinai- Ska "--- first name, commonly used in the area to read To a village called "Colony" only. This colony, where I was born and my ancestors were One of its founders --- was founded in about 1835. Area 64 Was one of the estates of Prince Safiya, Meg- The revolt against the Russian rule in 1821. After the suppression of the revolt, the prince flees across the country, The government confiscated all its estates. At that time There was a trend between the heads of government and Tsar Nikolai The first to turn some of the Jews of Russia into workers Land. The aspiration may have been out of a desire for passion- Makes the Jews among the Russian people, and possibly out Humane flavors, turn the Jews into an element Productive. We will, therefore, leave the decision to Gidon It's historians. One of the prince's sisters Safiya was assigned to this colony. In those days, During the Cantonist era, the kidnappers raided the towns As beasts of prey, they abducted the children of Israel and delivered them To the army for twenty-five years. Some of them Assimilated among the Gentiles and some died in his childhood. And these Those who lived in Judaism suffered terrible mental torture. The National Poet h. N. Bialik, in his poem Iona The tailor ", described that period:; and as the bearer A milk lamb, a mammal from a hoe, from an orphaned house And a child from a room. "The authorities, to attract the Jew- Dim for tillage, who mourned who settled On the land and there were farmers - taking from their sons To the army for twenty-five years. The families treated by male sons were housed Always in the terror of preying on their children by the kidnappers, were Caught up in the idea; "productivization" and abandoned Death of their residence, the trade and craft, to pass For agriculture. They did not think about their ability to adapt For tillage in difficult conditions, without any help Neither from the government nor from any other public entity. In my grandfather In it of hostile peoples,. Treating with ridicule and bo To these Jewish farmers and their agricultural work, My grandfather, the late R. Zeev, who was blessed In many boys (males) and terror; the prey "lay on him As a heavy burden, he too clung to this idea. He lives Novidbur burned by Grodno and lived as a wealthy man, Sold all his property and moved to settle in the colony And to be a farmer. My grandmother, Chaya Sarah The late, was gifted with a good memory and expressiveness Picturesque. I really liked, as a child, to hear C- Poria on the beginning of the establishment of the Hakal point- With this one, how charming the place was in its beauty, Hod And citrus were plucked at every turn. Prince's Palace, of- Book Thirty The settlers first entered it, it was spectacular Eye. Large windows, expensive wooden doors made The act of toning and carving, a spacious orchard with A selection of different fruit trees around the palace. Dairies Arranged in all comforts for cows, even a pond Water for washing them. In the water well many fish wanted Of the finest species, in every bucket they were poor Live fish margins. The settlers came from different places, and there was none To begin with any connection between them. When everyone came in To live in one house, and each family had many children, It was a hindrance to creating a sweet social life- Nim. How different was that settlement from the Sitting in the land of our ancestors. Here, in our country, it is a result Of a sublime idea, of the return of Zion, out of ambition Deep of thousands of years to break free from the shackles of exile, Throw away the wandering stick forever, revive the The ancient homeland, to endow Ofra, to mingle in it And to live a normal life as a people among Amitabal. Second - This sublime idea united the immigrants and did Them into one family, "with one heart and one mind", Before they knew each other. Third - the dead- Streams in the land had an immeasurable encouragement from the bone Knowing they are not lonely. Behind them stands The people are ready to help them not to fail, and their eyes are watching To their success and accompany them with a blessing, be strengthened by- Whereas there, in that settlement, in those days, Across Russia - there was not even a shred of ideals For indulgence. They fled for fear of the kidnappers, they Got on the ground without any training or instruction. Without Any help and relief into the midst of a gentile environment, Soaked in hatred and full of envy, for the good share, the meadow- This is the beautiful, given to these Jews. And added on This was a completely negative attitude on the part of the Jewish public Which in the surrounding towns to these farmers. See The same as rebellious boys, who left a guest- Life of the Jews in the Diaspora and imitating the actions of the Gentiles In tillage, and by so doing they will turn away from the Torah and from The commandments will finally be assimilated into them. Treat them As inferior and inferior, = - "peasants" Were in their eyes. After Jubilee years since the founding of the colony I foresaw this attitude. I remember, when I was Talia, about nine years old, I studied in a nearby town Book Thirty Zelba and the children of the "room" moved away from me Bend the foyers? From Colonia, according to what I excelled at In studies, It goes without saying that in such conditions some were disappointed Decent of the settlers from the reckless move they made, in their annihilation Their businesses in their places of residence and past here. They did so until they ate the rest of their fortune, and returned As opposed to coming and leaving behind bitterness and despair. Of all the settler exchanges, a small handful remained Of people, whose decision was determined to stay And cling to all conditions, and be prepared for any burden And the suffering of those before them. That's only 8 left. Less, which ended up saying founding the Jewish village, And these are the families: Miller from Novidbor, cattle from Kenny- Shin, Krasnovsky of Sochobolia, Spector family, Stein from Brisk, Dugolanski, Sirota Myshinovka And Cohen. They left the palace. Over time, some have been The people take turns, the palace has taken the form of a house For hospitality, neglected until there was no mirror To the apartment. They also chose a place for them in the area located in the navel Their lands. The place was close to the leading road To nearby towns. It seems that the question remains hi Of the wealthy among them, for their money they brought was sufficient To support them all the time and more they had to build Houses, barns, stables and purchase livestock and without- Work, even the most primitive. And indeed, I remember that the late grandmother said in this language:; Mir Brought a whole bag of money " (We brought a sack full of money). What amount of money did you mean- I have no idea. Before the farmers went to build the village houses In the place they chose, the Adminis were not interested in them- Russian Thrace. She knew the line was leaving By many, and thought that the rest would not be able to hold either Class and finally everyone will leave. But when built The houses and the rest of the buildings of the farm, and was already The place has the shape of a village - the rulers are mentioned in it And first of all they set a name for the village, and precisely one name Church Saints: This Colony was intended to be Read, "Konstantinovka", St. Constantine, When the farmers learned of this, they sent a delegation to the clerks The district and expressed their opposition, on the grounds that the village A Jew and they suggest calling the village by the name "Sineiska" 65 In the name of the risini, on which the Jews received the The Torah, which is a light to all the nations. After explanations And requests the authorities agreed to their proposal and since It was called Akolonia-Sinesiska. " Emphasize the national-religious sentiment of the "peasants", In those days. It seemed to the settlers that the period Of quarrels and bitter bitterness, to groping in vain With no way comes the end, and here they enter the track The normal life of farmers. In stock hearts- Tikva went to prepare the soil for sowing. The soil was fertile, from the best soils in the bas- Biba, and for several years she has been on strike and her power with her. In a tone of contentment many forces invested At work, out of chances for excellent crops which Will improve their condition and forget the hardships and evils Which they have had to this day, They sowed Barna and blessing rains quenched Mother- Land. The fields wrapped a vegetable of lust in their eyes, and thought Because the words of the pleasant songs of Israel will be fulfilled in them: "Crown of your good year." But aha! The nearby ones deliberately raised their flocks first And in the cream on the green fields of the Jews and these Laugh at everything, like the bull's bull "literally. The Jews These few, whose joy has become mourning, They cried right when they saw what their neighbors had done to them The bad guys. Complained to the Authority, but results There were no realities. This is how they went through several years Of suffering and disappointment, made a meager living only from the crop Of the fields which are near their houses and of the fields The distant ones. Even when his seed was nothing to reap. The surrounding villages, who kept staring at the land The Jews, they were sure, that after the troubles and the tin- The mind that they intentionally cause them - for sure The endurance of the Jews will expire and they will leave The place so that the Gentiles will inherit their fields. " At sea. But what is true are pleasant words and songs Israel:, as arrows in the hand of a mighty man, the youth, Blessed is the man who fills his garbage with them. "My son The farmers, who grew up as children in the field in nature, Be sturdy and brave and ready to fight back Her hair was still young, when they had just reached the age of six Ten. The abuse of the bad neighbors ignited Fire revenge in their hearts and waited for the day they would grow up And let them feel that they have the power to take revenge on the Gentiles. 66 And now the time has come. They talked to each other and decided: Until then, tomorrow will be that signal! From tomorrow no There will be a footstool of the deaf man on Their land! Make them whips intertwined with threads Iron and the end of the whip were braided with a round stone. I eagerly awaited the dawn dawn, and early in the morning, Where it was not yet possible to distinguish between light blue and white, Set out in a spirit of heroism riding their horses into fields The grain bordering the fields of the gentiles. As usual, Find the herd of cattle in the grain. The shepherds Nemo slept out of peace, without the six at all. Only the barking of the dogs - they thought - the city Them from their sleep. When they saw the young men on their horses, Were greatly astonished and called for help the villagers who worked In their fields which are all around. They snatched from Babylon The Hebrews and the battle began. The Gentiles who were surprised by their boldness Of the "boys of Israel" and their courage, amazed, alive Stricken with astonishment and no spirit arose in them to continue the The battle. And having suffered vigorous beatings from the young, That the hog shanked on the thigh - they fled. The guys They grabbed their herd and brought it to the colony for a witness jail To pay for the damage. The Jewish farmers are not yet Make do with it. They slaughtered two chickens and spilled Bleeding on the scratches and minor wounds that are too Received, to increase the impression. Harness quickly Fast from the best of the horses and galloped to the town of Dartzin, Place of residence of the Ministry of Government, and filed a complaint on Bruises and damage. The impression was strong looking The wounds and much blood that was also on the clothes. And if On the grievances filed from time to time in the past They did not answer, because they could not bring witnesses, this time The multiple wounds and blood stains on were used The clothes were about a hundred witnesses, and the authority could no longer Avoid fulfilling her role. And on behalf of the government was given Order to immediately bring five people from the village dignitaries To flog them. And on the same day they were beaten In the sight of all (in those days the flogging was one From the usual penalties). And the Zohar warned the Boa, That if they raise their flocks once more on earth The Jews, one of their religion - to suffer doubles, and yes They were fined for the damage they caused. The beatings Who received, the flogging and the money they paid - These three in conjunction with the alerts are from the government = R) Book Thirty And on the part of the Jews,. Influenced. The attitude has changed From end to end. The neighbors came to terms with each other and determined Between them a decent relationship as an equal with an equal. There were Among the Gentiles who looked down on the Jews: I remember, as a little boy, when Guy came into our house From the surrounding villages, he would take off his hat and not the goat To approach until the late father told him to approach me From that day came a turning point in the calmness of the inhabitants The colony, recognizing that everything that had happened to them up Here is gas and gone and from now on they will not touch the void And shall see a reward for their labor. And indeed, wealth they did not attain, But they had bread to eat and clothing and were happy In some. Shochat had them all these years, and served Also as an infant teacher. There were two more teachers Invite from the towns near school time. They would be paid a known sum of money for half a year Studies, other than the food they would eat in turn In the parents of the students. They did not have a rabbi regularly, Because the 30 families did not get their hands on much economy Family owner. About twenty years before the first war came To name one young rabbi, who sat regularly until the outbreak The war, that rabbi, which was later published as one Of the justifiers of the generation, he was far from the beings of the world, from the mono And his noise. Finding a quiet corner for Torah and prayer Among honest people, living farmers are coming According to them, the scripture itself exists in the air Because Naama Witt is like suffering. "He put in love Torah and piety in the place, brought more teaching Appropriate and prompted the parents to send their sons To places of Torah. And on the parents of the learning youth, who saw As capable of ascending the Torah ladder to wisdom, the It made sense to make an effort and send their sons to meetings Big ones like: Velocine, Radin, Slobodka and Telz. I remember that compared to the nearby towns on Hundreds of their Bethab, from whom he learned .Only one At one of the above meetings, they learned from our colony The family is 30 years old - five. His love cannot be imagined Of Rabbi Lavan Torah. When I returned from the yeshiva Home for the holidays, he would hug me with great joy. Through his many efforts a synagogue was built, a house- A brick wall and a tiled roof at the navel of the colony, Book Thirty That out of the wooden houses of the straw-covered peasants Lived as a Ghadar palace. This rabbi was the third rabbi and tzaddik R. David Yitzchak The late Magen, who immigrated to Israel in 1857 and lived there In Jerusalem. Was known there by the name of Rabbi Madrzin And died at the beginning of World War II and won More to be buried on the Mount of Olives. Left in the Land of Israel Two married daughters: one to the genius R. Aharon Yein- Stein, Rosh Yeshiva and author of Halacha books, and the other Married to the great rabbi, R. Hillel Vitkin, activist and director Heads of the Novaridok Yeshiva, Beit Yosef. "His son Is the rabbi and. M. Magen, principal in one of the schools The state-religious in the country. This is how several decades passed and the farmers of the colony- Sineiska ran their lives as water-rests, Raised their sons for Torah and work. The talented To the Torah --- Continue to study, capable of work - Worked in farming or handicrafts. Idlers, Fund sitting, as the middle-class youth way In the towns --- were not available. They did work Difficult, however their demands from life were not Multiple and settle for what was given to them, and most were Happy in some of them. Indeed after the pogroms in Russia, In the five and six years of the present century, there has been a considerable change In the colony: the youth, for the most part, emigrated beyond To the sea, and especially to the United States. The colony was emptied Almost from her youth, and only the elderly and un- Put in middle age. The main reason for immigration It was this: the land of the peasants had already been divided To the thirds and quarters of the first settlers And was no longer given a further division, which would satisfy Its employees have little existence whatsoever. Purchase land Another Jew was banned in those days. The youth do not See any future in tillage. Another factor is There was a stream of immigration, which washed over and passed the seat area The Jew as a mighty stream of water and swept away many, among them The youth from the colony, too. It was a bad turn for the worse. Where, the results were very noticeable and noticeable: The gentile neighbors from the surrounding villages, seeing that almost All the youth left the place, went back to Suram and again They would raise their flocks on the fields of the Jews, As in the early years, and they were praised in every way Damnut. And again the thought lamented in their hearts. That end Eventually the Jews will leave the place and they will inherit the 67 Their land. Under the influence of all these the spirit of the peasants weakened, The joy of creation faded, and the farmer, too, walked in the groove After the plow, the question popped into his mind: ; For whom I labor 1 ". This is how they continued out of a lack of hope for the future, until Outbreak of World War I. Russian Army, In retreat, he set fire to the colony in all four of its corners And all went up in flames on her synagogue, The Jews, who were exiled for several weeks to the nearby town, Returned and moved into one of the nearby villages, all Residents of the surrounding villages, who were Russians, fled Throughout Russia for fear of the Germans, and the villages We were completely emptied of their inhabitants. The Jews, meanwhile, took the opportunity to work The deserted lands of the Gentiles were added to their territories They are. And since the price of the treaty during the war was Immigrant and Amir, were found profitable and immigrated by them Save a known amount of money, which enabled them At the end of the war to rehabilitate their farms in Colonia - Sineiska. And indeed, it seemed that the situation would go And will improve, growing a new youth talented for work, produced The farmer in the first years after the war was It pays well and did not suffer from the neighboring gentiles Who returned to their places, because at the end of the war passed That Galilee to the state of Poland and the inhabitants of the villages There were Russians who were afraid to raise their heads. So hated They had the litigation with a Polish judge, a witness That the most vigorous curse, which they cursed at the time A quarrel with one another, was: With a Polish judge! " Years of quiet came to the colony. They built beautiful houses More than those before the war, the roofs are covered Tiles, also synagogue houses renovated and repaired and put up On the wire. But not many years and price have passed The grain has dropped miraculously. Neither do dairy products The entrance was a lot, and the condition of the farmers was getting worse. And when Arrived in Poland in 1904 by H. Shitkov, their emissary Of the "Farmers' Association" in the Land of Israel, with his consent Of the Mandatory government, bring in experienced farmers Family owners in Israel hurried to him and registered As candidates for immigration, and after a while immigrated to Israel About twenty families, who were about a hundred persons. Most of them like everyone else Settled in Rishon Lezion and single families in Petah- Tikva and Netanya. They all came during Human to 68 The rest and to the estate. Remaining in Sinai, about five Ten families, were orphaned and left lonely, Out of laxity and depression they continued to sit there Until the outbreak of World War II. The terrible Holocaust washed away And passed over them as well. The unclean Nazis destroyed the The colony and the Jews were transferred to the nearby town Darzein, and reconciled with the rest of the town's Jews Ghetto. And on the bitter and hurried day, it is the tenth day For the month of Menachem Av in the year 5722, all of them were destroyed Together with the Jews of Darzein, This is how the summer ended on the Sinai colony, a colony A Jewish farmer who has existed for over a century. Everything is destroyed. The lands are cultivated by the gentiles of The environment. There is no trace left of the settlement, as if not I heard from my late mother / Yaffa Proseball Book Thirty Through her there was never a Jewish foot. From the families they founded The colony is inhabited by more than twenty families in the country And several dozen common families in transit countries To the sea,. Especially in the United States. Everyone is tidy And some of them also reached wealth. The boys - from them Highly educated and talented In engineering, recognized as inventors. To leave a name and memory for my hometown I changed My last name was Muller to Sinai and I placed a score To my ancestors who went after the plow and their shards of sweat Wet the black earth rakes and their prayers Lowered the sky meter on Niram. The boys will call This affair and about it to their sons will be told and their sons to a generation Other. I was born in Darzen, the daughter of Chaya Esther and Yakbirpal Slutsky. To this day, I remember her stories. Of my late mother about our town and the way of life in it. Great rabbis headed the Jewish community of Darchen and many of the aliyahs also studied and changed, Of those who would sit and study for whole days, between prayers, in the houses of the Midrash of the "Shulhip." These also include my grandfather, Avraham son of Rabbi David, who would get up in the middle of the night, at three-thirty, and go to the synagogue. Pray, study and teach a Gemara page and read a chapter in the Mishnayos before those gathered. And so the scholars of the city had settlements On the Torah until noon, the time when they went to their homes to dine their hearts out and rest, to return after the rest To the prayer and to the Gemara. And my mother-in-law also told me about the quarrel that took place between my grandparents; Grandpa was, as mentioned, all his life learning and teaching, while Grandma runs the household, engaged in making yen And always (a drink made from honey, oversees the cultivation of a plot of land owned by the family, grows and earns a living) The whole family, for her six sons and only daughter. When the eldest son got married there was much joy And in honor of the solemn event, Grandpa and Grandma immediately agreed in the blast, that half of the next world live Which will fall after one hundred and twenty years in the part of grandfather, which deals only with prayer and mitzvah, comes to grandmother Which finances the household business. And they signed this agreement. From my mother's I also heard stories and legends about his duke's house belonged to Darzen. At the beginning of the last century he was a liberal and a good man, Mother said. Who heard about it from Grandma and it's from her mother Its and so super from generation to generation. When he once came out of his palace door and saw in the distance her mother's poor house Of Hassia-Feigel, who "stood like a chicken", ordered him to take it down and build a two-story house in its place, Ben became duke and during the Polish uprising against Russia he was promised to be crowned over his liberated homeland, If he gives his hand to the softener. The son came to his father and tried to persuade him to join the rebels against the Tsar, but the father I did not want to hear his voice. And the legend goes, that the son poisoned his father. After the Polish Revolt was suppressed - The son was abroad and the Russians confiscated the property of the duke's house, turning his palaces into a barracks. The late mother told me that when I was a little girl I took my father in his arms and brought me to the market square, To see the great wonder that first appeared in our town - a car that rode without horses. About the man sitting In the car and driver in which it is said, that he is the grandson of the duke who has the palaces, the glorious garden and the good heart, With the beginning of the twentieth century At the beginning of the 20th century Book Thirty In the days of change / As one of the Drachin sons who left their hometown At the dawn of their youth, I was not a partner in the activity The vibrant of the wondrous generation who lived in it at the time Between the two world wars, the generation that struggled, as much Polish Jewry at the time, for its existence and its non- Water and paved the way for the resurrection of Israel and salvation Crowds. For us, only a few survived when a number, While the masses remained there, in the mass graves. Ed When I remember my addicted drug, The Rhine sails distant pilgrims, to the turn of the century The twentieth. The town is located in the shadow of the buildings The huge ones from the golden age of Poland - the fortress The high and the remains of the palaces of the duke, ibid Soldiers and officers of the tsarist army gave up The rulers. Our brothers in Israel, most of them Sitting in fairly spacious houses, built in rows On either side of it are the spacious market pillows, and in houses Buckets built without any order and plan down to the creek, On market days and on holidays the Peruvian Slavs fill up The Great Square Carriages of the Peasants of the Cross- At sea to zero. Near the carts and in the nannies There is a diverse trade going on, and we kids are catching up The sounds of the foreign language, to which our parents adapt A little hard. At the end of the day the square empties, The peasants traveled to their Catholic, "urban" villages Went to their homes in the suburbs and the town center becomes To an exclusive Jewish neighborhood. Then start streaming Jews to Mincha and Maariv to the Spiritual Center, El The "Schulhoif", in which the three Beit Midrash are concentrated And the large and beautiful synagogue, which is housed on its roof. Pussy near the old cemetery. What grace and beauty Apply to these holy places, especially on holidays The Great Ones, the High Holidays and Simchat Torah! And these days are harbingers of change in the lives of the Jews: New ideas, secular movements, hatred Increased Israel, immigration to the sea-states, and my steps The impending revolution, the characters slowly disappeared Of the stable past in its way of life and in its symbols. One 71 Jacob Kobrinsky Of them I remember most of all, for he is my grandfather and rabbi R. Zeev Wolf to the Dayan. It exists in all strictness The commandments of the Torah and the arbitrators without sophistication, He read only the books of sages and rabbis and would dismiss as Afra Daraa all secular wisdom. On Yom Kippur he did not live Leaving the beit midrash from the moment he comes to, all vows "until The sanctification of the moon on the eve of the holiday. At night he was a kidnapper A short sleep on the bench and the rest of the time he would say Psalms and passages from Kabbalah books. Grandma was The family earns its living from a small Sidkit store. And when- She had to go for a while and Grandpa remained a guard The store, he would have a very hard time negotiating with a buyer Not from allies. When he was widowed in the 1970s To his life he handed over his house and belongings to his heirs and himself Immigrated to the Holy Land. I remember, how proud I was With my grandfather and parents in the cart that drove us to the station The train in Zelba, followed by a long line of carts And pedestrians --- literally the whole town went out to Heffield Grandpa. By the way, he settled in Jerusalem in one The "include" and there did not last long, R. Aryeh Leib and Rivka's parents were already, Peggy- To the new spirits in the Jewish world. My mother Was one of the only women in Derzien who could read And write Hebrew freely. She even peeked To modern literature at the time, but criticized Spicy on the writers, on the fact that writers are things To the adversaries and despise the religion. Residents turned to her The town when they needed to write the inscriptions on envelopes The letters sent to America - in those days was Knowledge of Latin alpha-beta is rare in Darchein. "Revolutions" Avi-Mori actually proved when he Lit to register me for the "Revised Room" founded by The teacher Avraham Isaacovich (from Mihoysk), who tried To teach literacy in the Hebrew method in Hebrew " And according to the textbook; the children's paradise. "My father and his friend Eliyahu Abramovich, the bartender, formed the nucleus. Containers "who signed a Hebrew newspaper (The Siren" Later, "time") and read the works of the writers And our poets. 72 However, very sharp and thorough changes have taken place In our town with the wave of the Russian Revolution in the years 1905714. The whole town was like a pharmacy. Guys "And girls from all walks of life, including" Bodgesal, " They gathered in the beit midrash and there they demanded their Torah Despite the Gabay protests. On Saturdays, and sometimes on Sand in the evening, large groups of "Brothers and Sisters", with folk songs and revolutionary songs New in their mouths, out of town, after the; Kes "(The Christian Cemetery). The Tannery Workers Demanded an increase in wages, and once even returned. Guys Sturdy would threaten the rich To "Samooborona" (self-defense), distributed leaflets Propaganda and brought strange propagandists from the cities The big ones, carried red flags, and by the way there were Clashes with police. Part of "Homeowners" And most, your people "even treated this youth with sympathy, And yet they could not forgive them; for they They say there is no God. " The brother Levit: sits - Hirschl, stands - = Burl Sepo Darzain Not a few days passed and the revolution was suppressed, Her outer bookmarks are gone. But the lifestyle In Darzain, especially of the younger generation, a newspaper has changed Yomi in Yiddish was an almost necessary thing to speak in every home. Immigration increased. Many guys resurrected- He has to travel not to meetings, but to schools General or learn a craft. And a new custom came: Married not by a matchmaker, but; out of love Secretly, the "self-defense" continued to operate. " The younger generation in Darzein is getting ready for it The fateful tests, to which he stumbled upon an outbreak World War I, In those days, when I was on the verge of puberty And I went through all the youthful aspects of interrogation Higher than me, faith and heresy, the secrets of nature and the soul Man, the ways of society, the Jewish world and the non- Jew, etc. - I liked to have long arguments with Two restless friends - and both have opinions Contrasting from end to end. One was Menachem Mansky, who had opinions from the Mapam- Niot, who opposes religion, sees the future of society And confirmed in the decipherment of the secrets of nature, believing in salvation The Jews by the society to be established on the basis of affiliation And justice. And the other was David Alper, a sentient being Hot Judith, Katha-Bahratanit ", Believes Forever- Israel without hesitation and doubts and strives for fulfillment The goal is median. He read little Books Planned War Class or Mysterious Nature, on the other hand, literally swallowed the thought-books of Jewish thinkers and peoples and enthusiastic Homely from the new Hebrew poetry, which appeared Ann Already in full exclusion. Menachem Mansky came as far as Moscow, and with his talent The good took a respectable position in the Soviet press, In the 1930s he severed all contact with him, and according to The rumors fell victim to "purges." And David Alper The 14th, faithful to his way, was one of the best teachers Ours in Poland between the two world wars, and as an administrator The Hebrew Gymnasium in Pinsk educated many Ptolemy- Dim for the love of the people, for its ascension and fulfillment. His apprentices Most of them immigrated to Israel, and he too planned To ascend, but the oppressor Judgment Day preceded, the educator The great fell on his guard. Book Thirty As Sefer: -Torah / Was it approximately in year 1907 or 8, when Rabbi Leib Luner passed away In Derechin and there was no money Him to put a tombstone. My father, R 'Simcha-Isr EH, has left Across town, going from house to house Over and over again, until he collapsed- Collect a certain amount of money. I'm doing this Deceased rabbi placed a lovely tombstone, And there was still a little money left over from this Which my father collected. Make yourself sure that in those days was co- One from Orle an oriman to collect donations And he became ill in Derechin, lying a Short time on sick-bed and dies, Our father is interested in me Deceased Orimans family. Send more His widow and is engaged in reorganization His funeral. For a couple of weeks we kept coming Poor widow and beaming back at her Shtetl enters, and she gets another couple of rubles Yourself. No means on putting her husband in a position Said the woman, understandably, not had, is The father again appeared over the town And collected the landlords money on this Purpose. So collecting this money, said the parent Except, that after putting the tombstone on Tomb of strangers Oriman will still remain a Certain amount of money. Came to him a Thought that with the remaining money, Along with a certain amount that he will Add from his own pocket, he will Let a Torah scroll be written. Is he off to yodel the writer himself with Giving him a piece of advice is a waste of time They were excited, and they both did Taken to the craft. 73 Penny Boyerman-Pen Yudl the writer ordered from Warsaw The best parchment and it took a Cake time until the Torah scroll is finished Became. And when the Torah was finished My mother did three days and three days Nights baked and cooked to completion. A letter was sent to the neighbors Towns and they came together a Many rabbis for the great feast. Our father felt like a major In-laws in the whole joy. After the feast and after all the festivities The question was asked where The Torah should be inserted. Was decided Fate has been cast, and fate is out- Fell on the "old wall", there uu it Also buried the rabbi. Becomes a holiday town again. A small- Kate, I'm going to put in a new Torah scroll A school. The whole town is coming together, Take something in the mouth and go Book is carried under a canopy of ours House on the new street to the schoolyard, exit- Marking not to pass by the church. Youth brought a rope gauze from Shalom Pinyon, immersed in her rags And carried torches. In all houses passed Which m 'passed with parade issued Lamps were put out the windows. The congregation accompanies the Torah with song, All faces shine with joy, As the procession approached To the schoolyard, Jews took off from All the Torah scrolls are gone and away Welcome to this new book. Until late During the night the procession continued, And when the new book was introduced In the Ark of the Ancient Beit Midrash and Olam 74 Chose to go home, had already High days. Our father felt like Happiest man in the world and the Mother shone for joy and was proud Been with her mans upto A short time later was our parent Off to America. He arrived there In a severe crisis, when numerous people are Wandered unemployed. He works as a janitor And bitter, and from his meager earnings He sends money no derechin on to build A new hope. At that time he takes me Over to himself no America. It draws him but back in his age Home. After being suspended for a couple of years in America R2 6 484 (תש 0 יה 0 פין , 3 in Hanun Ha, The mucus from Mendil Astrinsky Shadow Domitz Bick Drechin Planim play, Horadna district. 46 2 Ei Ann 4 R 4 .262 / 600, ieg 2) 6 Ya hi 46: T./2/5 14 Gad Hasit. , 70 yr., 8} 1 67 .Uk hi = 7200, 7800986 | כטנץ 427 אליך, 434 אה 3: 6646 3 עויוי- | 8 A 4 AE Gun. 7 - = In writing, 02 Spoon 57 y / ha 14 77 6622 4 A 2 ', 62 73 Sepo Darzain If he goes back to Derechin, I will stay In America. We told him that he Drive back home, to that town Shabbat is Shabbat and Yom-Tov is Yom-Tov, where Jews live as Jews. When he is back Arrived no derechin, gave me the mother Wrote that all the Jews had come to him Give a welcome. In those times it was not Were of the easy things go through like this Long journey from America to Derechin. My father actually brought one with him Home a few dollars but he did not Found what to take. After a cake Time in the old home determines the Parent back to pass any america. He takes With myself with my two younger sisters 2 4/2547 067 1.3 2 560 4 A 2 // R 57 as KKSA 2 + / 2 // w * // 6 y R A A! Kyle slipped on a lick It // 5 שש /: 02), 8 ייי / ,, 04 Atoi //: 2,: 2 753) ח / ר A = 692 geek '1 6 1 Bar 2/2: 23 Lia 0 23 /t.//:5 244 662 * h | : 6 4 214 IS 7 2 99 (/: y : 9 4 עבט : 6+ ri 243/5 6/7, 7 nia יי: יד 20 .5 קק;) 20 // ת 8 00 "22 kspitz, i 423, 0 ,, Tit J. 947 06 עוו "Hari Dr. Gabriel's commentary to Der Simcha-Isr writes in America, That he should With testimony, assure his son the half of the mitzvah of writing the book: Torah Book Thirty And a brother and left over in Derechin The mother with the two young brothers. With The mother tells him to stop, that's so As soon as he gets an apartment in America For the whole family and myself a little When ordered, he will send shipping cards You with the two brothers. But when the father comes with three children- Honestly no America, breaks out the former World war. This was in 1914. it Any connection between the two is broken. Shan America and the old home. A couple years Later America was also involved in World War I, During the war years, the Dad did not forgive what he left behind On Gods counsel the sick mother with two Infants. In the meantime breaks out The revolution in Russia, the power in Our home areas change from time to time Derechin's time and time again do not reach us No news, Finally, when the war ended, In 1918 we received a letter from the Rechin with the sad news that the Mother died and also one of the Two brothers. Meyer E.H., is at age of Died 3 years ago during a typhus epidemic. Remaining in Derechin is one alone ours Younger brother Kaddish. At the same time, our father receives a letter By Hrb Plotkin with a Bite Look Up in America this RBS relatives, who are tribes Of Minsk. It was not easy Items to seek the relatives of Rb. The father Was once going on the meetings of Minsk Society and it's him at last Managed to find the RBS A Qif a Shochat. In 1920, when Hrb Flotkin comes on A visit to America, he finds himself indeed With his relatives, When HRB Plotkin arrived no AME- Rike, he first called for this 75 Mr. Plotkin Parent to himself. I'm away with Dad too The meeting with RB. It was three o'clock Days before Pesach Mr. Plotkin was caught red-handed Father ui two brothers. The domestic set us Honor and the parent begins to question himself About his youngest child in Derechin, about The family in general and about everything and everyone, The rabbi says: "R 'Simcha-Isr, calm down." Sit down, sit down, and I will do everything for you Tell us about your son and about him Derechin. Thanks to the upper that mize Yourself again health. But first-bl, ri I want to tell you that I am happy I brought you a present. " The father wonders: A gift for We? Of Derechin? Rabbi, I need me Give a present to Derech, and not to her We ... 7 R 'Simcha Isr, I brought you A gift - says again with a calm and 76 The rabbi has a clear voice - I have for you The Torah scroll that you had written In Derechin! 4 " Here the father begins with an argument: - , Steich, Rabbi, you have taken out a book- Torah of such a holy place, of our ancients Beit Midrash, and brought here, in Treife- Enter a country ?! * Says again Rabbi Flotkin: "I know, R ' It is a joy to be a devout Jew, and I know, how much time, work, power and. Money It has cost you until the book of Torah Finished .. * This went on for several hours Conversation with Mr. Plotkin, who Tell the parent about his or her plans America and also asked by the parent for- Various tips. So the time is late Became, the father agreed with Rabbi, That in a few days around, the second day Hall-HaMoed Pesach, a. Tuesday, the Rabbi come to us for supper, Mr. Plotkin wished us a gift And happy Passover and we are with parent Away home. On the way we decided Invite to the evening bread with the rabbi and others Well-known Jews from our city and Nonte, 1 To the greatest regret is Hrb Plotkin too We came not Tuesday, but Monday, this First day of the Sabbath. And came he Not for a festive supper, but for The funeral of our father. The parent Died suddenly on the second day of Passover, I do not remember who owned the Torah scroll Brought to us home --- the parent or Book Thirty Mr. Plotkin. I remember but that in the Shabbat-days were read from books- Torah, And when we are all gone to the Work, I have, out of fear of theft Or A fire, asked our compatriot Zalman Friedman he might meanwhile take the library To ourselves and surrender our derechiner Lands-Leit, Were such among our countrymen, Who offered to sell the book (Then he could get around for him Thousand dollars) and this money send no Derechin for the needy Jews there, But a majority of the derechiner is ge- When against this. It was decided to open a school Of Derechiner Landsmannschaft and the Book- Torah, which our father wrote In Derechin, was admitted to The Derechiner School, The school was located in Bronzville, A neighborhood in New York that is in those Years were inhabited by Jews. A short time ago I found myself Interested in the fate of Derechiner School and from the Torah scroll. I have all Years lived far from Brunswick. To come I found out from them that the school Has not existed for a long time, the neighborhood has Most changed, most of them were Jews Away in other neighborhoods of New- York. I have found the library and I do not know where she is. I hope but, I'll still be able to find her. Book Thirty 77 Teachers, teachers and teacher / Queen Alper When I take a look at Derechin From a distance of tens of years, I can Boldly say that my town stood - Without an exaggeration --- on a proper cultural Level, even today's perception: All school-age children were laid to rest In rooms and in Talmud-Torah. Or b A Rabbi. And Derechin was blessed With good teachers and teachers, The teachers I remember make sense Were: R. Meir Janowski (Meir the teacher), The old man, Hirsch the teacher, R. Leib Abelovich, who later died Away to America, Abraham Isaacovich (the Ri Meyer Yanoski ("Meir the teacher") The teacher is R 'Yoshe Abelavich Mikhoysker, R. Leib Kabrinsky (Leibe Mites) And still others, which I already remember Click. When the Talmud-Torah is before the first World War II under the supervision "An education distributor company," they said Started teaching the children arithmetic too In the first decade of the twentieth year- Hundreds joined the Haskalah movement, in Sons of learning Russian and getting general Education in middle schools, also started in My small town Derechin. One has begun Teach the children Russian, prepare them in the Gymnasiums, taking advantage of every opportunity of Local or casual teachers, like this one Pharmacist, and Mordechai Legs- 78 The teacher, R. Lib Abelovich Ki (the father of well-known Hebrew poet Chaim Lensky, who died in Siberia), and Pintsawan, and Motke Eizikovich And still others. More and more crises Were dominated by the striving To general education. Young people have Strives to leave the town and the area The moshav, which is located far from the ice- Train, even without a lane to the airport, And venture out into the wider world Entered. The rule - one wanted to be a man With people equally ". The pious landlords did not want to and Could not reconcile with that Russian Let it be the language of instruction for the children. Where is some Judaism! A page of Gemara? R. Welwell Mites, the Gemara teacher, is on The elder, after his wife is him Died, away to Israel: the Gemara-teacher of the foreigner, which some Book Thirty Believers brought no Derechin So that he may study Talmud with their kig- Deu, too, had to move on a couple of years ago Go to home. Could it be? And Gemara! Here came to the aid of the landlords Rabbi Platkin. He organized the parents And he decided to send the boys Studying in Shchuchiner yeshiva. He, the Rabbi, undertook to bring them there, No sitting entered. Says and does. In the group Were, as far as I remember: this Rabbi's son Mosheke Platkin, Shmuel Shefshe- Levich, Shmuel Abelovich, David Alfer, David- Zelig Epstein and his brother Burl, Joseph Deikhovsky, Burl Soccer, and others. The Rabbi went with them, worrying about whom With "days", those with a "station" (a Room) - in one word, he placed A wall against assimilation. י. Pintsou, teacher of Russian Book Thirty In those years, in the beginning of today Century, the yeshivas no longer existed Thus hermetically sealed against the effects Of the Enlightenment, especially not against the Hebrew- Confirmed effect. The guys had started Look at books of the new Hebrew- Share prose and poetry, which they Hide among the pages of the Gemara. When they used to come home on holidays, "At the end of every day," they were told Sing songs by Bialik and Chernykhovsky, Conduct discussions on literary and social Social issues such as Zionism, covenant, Hebrew Ish, Yiddish A.A.V. Here the modern yeshiva-boys were looking A synthesis between the Gemara and the New National aspirations, to bring in A bit of modernism in Jewish-nationalism in Life and learning of the youth. Incidentally, the discussions around Hebrew Have adopted a concrete farm, when it A cultural association was formed. According to the Initiative of former Bundists, and it is Opened a library of Russians and Yiddish books. The "Hebrews", and so on Are also members of the union, Demanded a division also of Hebrew- Ishe books in the library, in order to Give it a universal character. After a series of conversations, discussions and propaganda Have they carried out to a certain extent and There was also a Hebrew library. Division. Those who were caught in the yeshiva When reading a "true" booklet, like this Poems by Bialik and by other poets Or books by the gay Hebrew writers, Have had to leave the yeshiva. Very bagabi Te sitting-boys, already close to proximity On rabbinate, have wandered over the little ones Meetings, seeking an opportunity to conclude Their learning and achievement to the goal. P7 "The Micah?" And his room is clean I want to tell about one of these Pioneers of Hebrew and general Education in Derechin - about R 'Avraham Aizikovich, who is remembered as the "Michuisker". When I arrived at his room, At the age of seven he was already born Had been educated for generations by students, Among them are those who have already learned Medicine in university or pedagogy At the Vilnius Teachers' Seminar in Steinberg. His room tidying up was greatly appreciated In Derechin. Studied has in two Continuations: Biz Mitak Chumash, Prophets (; Swar- B. "- D. H. twenty-four), Hebrew, Prayer. Afternoon - Read and write Russian, co- Liguria and arithmetic (the afternoon lessons) Were conducted in Russian). Have studied In his room sweetened boys and girls, Which saws sat divided into two Special groups, The room was with him in small Cottage, which stood a little to one side It was in the "new" street Divided into two and a large dark Frontage separated between his private water Apartment and the room. The window of this Small huts were virtually at the Earth and winter, in the big snowstorm Rems, they were covered with snow And he tried to learn by the sheen of oil- Lamps, which are hung from The stelei Rabbi Avraham Isaacovich was a Jew Educated. In addition to Jewish sources, he has Knew Russian (his children were studying In Russian middle- and colleges), as well German. He used a Bible with Mendel- Sans means. Often one has his interpretations of Bible, attacked with German expression no Could understand, just like the source itself. 80 His room got a nicer look When he built a new house Wooden building with lovely windows and Bright rooms. Rabbi Avraham has undergone various reincarnations. Made as a Teacher: This room is decorated He led until the First World War, Then were unemployed for some time The German occupation; Later - a Teacher of Jewish religion and German in The German school, which the occupation- Power has established; And at the beginning of Our town in Genesis On my bed at night rises in the memories of the town Ours, as I remember it from 60 years ago. These memories are accompanied by pain and grief in memory of its destruction Of Drzain. Our town was small, poor and impoverished. No roads In and to it and not a railroad. For living rooms, city- Our county, we were rocking ourselves all night In the well-known cart of the late Shalom-Hirsch, who was then The only carter on the "Darchin-Slonim line", a kind of owner- Strong on this line. The passengers were then mostly Shopkeepers, who had ties to trade with salons, And sometimes even people who went to arrange something in my office The district, With the "big world" tied Darzein station- The train in Zelva. Two hours by car - And lucky construction reached the nearby Zelba. Blessed By rail leading to the cities of Russia and to The outside world, Everyday, exactly at 12 noon, was A cart drawn by a pair of horses brings us the Century / Book Thirty For twenty years he was a teacher Of Hebrew in Hebrew in the middle classes of The cultural school for several years, - Until his children took him over No Russia, where 'he did not feel well Felt. His memory and his pedagogical and Teaching responsibilities are integrated into The story of Derechin, particularly from Local school-won, from the end of 19th Century until the end of the first quarter Of the present century. Naftali Ben-Dov (Daykhovsky) The mail. At 3 p.m., the mail was on its way To the train. Two carts were used for this line,, Zelba, "and I remember the frequent quarrels between them. A single hotel, a hostel for passers-by, was his hotel Of Beckenstein, in his two-story house in the center Of the town. Admittedly, expressed jealousy lamented in the hearts of the Drachinas To the neighboring and richer town Zelva, but known The people of Darchin knew that their town surpassed Zelva In "spirituality." Starting with the great rabbis who served In our town until our national liberation movement Darzen was known as a place of Torah and thought, That her Jews were blessed with vigilance, with a longing for the Torah And to Zionist acts. Evidence of this we also find in the rest of the Peli- Our "Te" here in Israel and around the world, Who does everything to commemorate the glory of the community The little Dretsin,. Which is World War II Brought upon her destruction and annihilation. Book Thirty Education, Bond, The Old, Traditional Life- Manner extended approximately until Beginning of 20th century. On the threshold Of the new century have entered Also in our small town the new Winds of education, and with them --- the rise Of new, revolutionary movements, Thirst for knowledge In those years there were sudden changes Among the newly-arrived Pharisees in Our study halls are also such young people, Which used to be under the Gemara on stone- The hidden "trifle" Booklets. I remember one such Pharisee, a Relative of Rabbi Leib Luner, a young man Prosecution, which brought no de- Rechin all kinds of Hebrew books and Russian magazines, such as Vashkod and others "Yevreyskaya Obozdenie". We used to- Seeds with him study Gemara in those years In society Shas, and he has with and from From time to time, met about secular and Scientific stuff; he gave us me Given to read some of his books. It did not take long, and some Of our small-town more developed Youthful (of course, with Talmudic) Education and religious attitude) Began to see a new world for themselves Perfect other horizons. Gradually have they Took up and got rid of the Homely atmosphere and perfect atmosphere Began to strive for secular education Some of them are gone in our eyes- Dne city slonim and began learning There in the already existing secular Schools like the Ivyierskoye Uchilishche " And the, "Gorodskoye uchilishche". Self-defense 81 Chaim Rabinovich The young men who did not have these Material opportunities to drive self-study Abroad, have taken up digging In the books of enlightenment. Gradually they have Dismissed from the Gemara and instead This took place teaching Russian, Hebrew And various sciences from which they Have hitherto been far, Some of the Derechiner youth have Decided to ride in great Jewish culture- Center, Cain, Jerusalem, Lithuania "- Vilnius. Many hundreds drew there Youth of the cities and towns of Yiddish Moshav domain. So they left in those years From Derechin to Vilnius: Pesach Dvoretsky, Ezer Weinstein, Katriel Gelman, David Fufko, Leibe Abelevich, Aharon Rabinovich and The author of these lines, Usually, it was said for the parents, That Mifort no Vilnius to continue there To be this teaching Torah and Gemara ba d Famous scholars there. In truth But are the young lads, who have For the first time in their lives and in Life of the Derechiner youth in general, Fell into a big noisy city, With a great young intelligentsia, in- Attracted quite quickly in various Spheres and circles and soon "On" With new ideas and aspirations Enlightenment and revolution So did the former small-towners, Provincial youths threw themselves in with Their whole zeal and energy in the World of education and knowledge. No teacher have In Vilnius not lacking - graduates of Jewish-Russian Teachers' Institute and STU " 82 Dents from university, whatever have before A very small tuition fee, and very opt Even free, gladly given the newly-arrived- Men knowledge-thirsty students lessons in All objects. Large, well-known libraries, such as Stra- Shuns and Sirkins, stood to the Disposition of the learners who had Himself began to study with perseverance the Russians And other languages ​​and reading, literally shlin- Gen books of the best that it has itself Just leaving. In particular, they have in- Interested in the sciences that are Until then, she had been unknown, as a natural Science, especially anthropology, voice- Tour-Science, General History A.D., Gl. The largest part of the Jewish youth He was already active in Vilnius during those years Was involved in the All-Russian Revolution. Zionist movement and in Jewish socio- Lististic circles. It is no wonder, then, that the Jews Youth, who has always seen for themselves the Terrible tragedy and perpetual mar- Tyrology of the Jewish people, This justifies Life of the Jewish Masses in Despots, Tsarist Russia, the Jewish youth that has With fury and with sharpened fists heard The news about the Kishinev pogrom also About persecution and excesses against Jews in Various other cities of large, fin- Stern Russia, the youth that was educated Became in her small towns on the Ideas of the Torah, of love for God Like you, "von Isaiah the prophet, in the last days", - That the Jewish youth has taken hold Without the ideals of socialism, of freedom, Equality and fraternity. She has in Her hot, youthful dreams were seen- Soon, in the near future, the new World with her new order, in whatever Slaves and oppressed peoples will be set free Become of their bonds and poverty. For The Jewish youth is socialism Stu Darzein Was a new Messiah. A modern. A Really, on those who do not have to wait So long, The first Bundists A certain coincidence was wanted. That the Small circle of derechiner youth is Fell into a quarter, in which There was also a certain activist living there Bundish gatekeeper. He started soon Feed our youngsters with Bundescher Literature and with all its agitation- Force he was affecting The former yeshiva students, that's long overdue Did not last and they all started Study the new Torah. The new "Rabbi" was very pleased Of his disciples, who had Pheike Gemara-heads and quickly swallowed the Law of Political Economy and beyond Sociological sciences and philosophical Theories. Various lecturers gave the bug- Our neighbor joined our circle. D Derechiner enthused youths have See for yourself a new world, with perfect New and free perspectives, they have themselves Gradually deviated from the Gemara and Of their former plans and dream They have decided to bring no derechin The ideas of a new, socialist Christ. After serving a year in Vilnius, he left We on holiday went home with heads Full of new ideas and che- Modes full of revolutionaries, umle- Gallery Literature. The first appearance of the recent Baked socialists were the divided Torment of the old wall, which has Divided among the homeless youth And the sons of craftsmen and poorer Families. The partition has existed for Long generations, and now the socio- Listy teenagers took neighbors with them The working, observant youth. With Safo and serious This is how they implemented the market Systemic truth that the productive workers Are genuinely the real relation, and no The wealthy landlords. In Derechin there was then a greater number Youth worked in the Great Gar- Bury of the partners Bialostotskigoldg- Mountains. Among them were developed, Conscious workers, with whom we Soon connected and led exchanges They are our agitation work. The Bundists had the first task Saw this organize the initial econod Mix strike against long 12-hour ar- Beds-Day and Clin Worklin. D Older workers have come to the rescue " Work in the tannery 14 Up to 15 hours a day and earns around 3 Rubles a week, even old, pious people have Beware of the new discovery ", That a strike can improve the Working conditions, wages and position. It did not take long, and the young Workers, along with some older of The poorer crayons, have themselves with joy Caught up without the new ideas, whatever they have Promised to correct their bitter situation and In the future bring a new order With a guide for the workers. Sizes A temporary organization was created. Committee of the Garbery-Workers, of Which I remember the following persons: Moshe-Yaakov Abramovich, Leibke Shalkovich, The Yezernitsky brothers of Ruzhnoy. Nahum Bliznyansky, one moth, a worker of The stranger and still a couple of other ar- Better, like the daughter of a blind musician, Solomon the son of Uzziel. Moshe Grchuk, Arke the school-callers, Burl the Kirzhners A sun, temke briker - Elie Peretz's son a. And. The tannery soon broke out A strike and still a fierce battle ensued 55 Almost all demands were met: The working day has been shortened and The wage was raised. The Old, 70- יערקע; נאַסע? Workers have now Had more time to go in Beitimdrash and Say there a chapter of Psalms and another A For rubles for life; The young worker Have received a larger addition and more Free time to go on illegal pre- Collections and to read illegal Lithuanian- Rator, Meetings in the woods The time for summer vacations is over Those who came from Vilnius were exploited On agitation work. They were selected A secret quarters, far behind the barracks- Mess, came a certain Christ Mseyuk. For 6 Rubles A month. For the money he has Also had to stand the whole time. While The secret meetings, on the street and Take care that no stranger enters there. Stray, At the meetings, people used to in the First tier. Hold lectures on the Meaning of socialism. I do, too Read chapters from Philip Krantz, Culture- History "and of bogdanous, political Economics ", which has already been translated Became on Yiddish. In addition to the lectures, almost everyone is used Saturday afternoon challenged by various Signals and passwords the members of alliance Of their houses. They used to be away alone- Walk in Visoke-Gurer Forest, about 3 km Of small town. They used to be detained there Larger rallies and discussions, until It used to be night. Then people used to Pass quietly and turn around Home. People have been dating for a long time Not aware of the secret meetings. The conspiracy was very a Strict. Each new member lasts a long time Researched and observed, before the 84 Committee used to approve him as a neighbor. Special trust men and women Used to be busy with verbs and more- Check out the new members and their plans Infertility. After deciding to accept a Candidate as a friend, he used to be sworn in With an oath to be strictly conspiratorial, Delivered and honest also in his Personal life. Drunken, playing cards This was strictly forbidden The friends. Within a short period of time, Were attracted to the surrounding organization 0 to 80 colleagues, mostly workers and Youth from the poorer strata. I d Majority of the teaching youth listened To the Bund and been active as organizers And freelancers. The a.g. "Vilnius Group" is still in use Yom Tov returns to Vilnius to continue Be with the studies and supplement their Development in socialist gist. They Maintain a confidential con- stance at all times. Tact with the domestic colleagues, send her From time to time by cherley about secrets Illegal literature and proclamations. They were also sent from the center of Vilnius Various references to the secret forest- Rallies. The main purpose of the whole Work was to lift the spiritual And cultural level in the years "long after- Strike masses and straighten them into theirs Human rights. In the course of a drive year is in ours Little Derechin Created a Bible Library of over a thousand books in the Yiddish language and also a certain number Russian books, for the some Christians and Rural people who were attracted To the circles of bond. For general reasons Socialist purposes had to be maintained Make contact with the village and spend the night there Trustee, a fact that is later Their benefit came. Among the members of Book Thirty There were also two local unions Christian Schuster, Joseph and Stephen, who Have learned to speak and read toys. An interesting episode recalls itself Me from those years with the two Christians Schuster. A ride derechiner professional Thieves came out one night. Steals the entire property of their shooters Terry. The Allied organization soon It responds quickly and sharply. Saturday afternoon, When the two thieves showed up Local Park; Agar-Sod ", they passed by An alert signal went off By a group of armed men Revolver. The thieves were well beaten And they were compelled to return Pretty theft. They are a commandment of the covenant For a long time expelled from Shtetl, Strong conspiracy The Bund's organization responded Switches systematically and over time Counts over 100 members. It has also grown The number of readers and books in the library. The local committee stood in A Regular connection with the founder- Group, which studied in Vilnius and Bialystok. A secret correspondent is Led between Derechin and the Two mentioned cities. The letters are complete. March was sent from one privateer Person to another, as friends are each other Used to write about personal things, however Between the lines people used to write about Organization questions with a gene pen Dipped in lemon juice. The secret script You can only read when you have to This letter was kept over the glass of a Burning kerosene lamp. For safety- Purposes that the secrets of the organization Should not fall into the hands of the Tsarist gendarmerie, used to be Book Thirty Look for various combinations. So be it We, the learning-youth, were obliged to Give lessons and read illegal Lithuanian- Ratur in circles of young workers. D Circles used to converge in upper- Stables, always in the evening. To To mask the circular-work is used One friend and one friend dressed up as a groom- Bride, on the table stood a ride Flesh whiskey with refreshments. In case of a Sudden visit by police Booklets will be hidden soon and the pre- Gathered young people used to take, try The joy ", a condition or a marriage. For- It goes without saying that he used to be honored with a couple Glasses also the police and so on From them be dismissed. One must remember that in those years there were All party members were pure ideas. Allists and no career plans Were not thought of or made By the active colleagues. The only career What then awaited each and every one of them Was - deportation to Siberia. For The strongest conspiracy is the party- Members were selected and well- Controlled, and happened very rarely A case of provocation and surrender. The Socialism was then conceived as A puritanical idea, which demands of her Carrier be decent and try. Nobody did In those years could not present himself That in the future will be socialist Leaders in a socialist country for- Cripple the ideas,. Humiliate the people- Chelle weird and bring to such Horrible deeds against those who have Sacrificed their lives for socialism in Russia, This is how the work attracted some Years. The first founders, who cared They come from Vilnius at least once a year Or Bialystok home to the parents, did Continuously conducted the reconnaissance work and 85 Engaged in developing the knowledge and Awareness of the working masses. They Have during those years maintained The revolutionary spirit among the poor And plagued horrible circles. Revolution and self-defense In the years 1904 and 1905 it was in Greater Russia strengthens the general Revolutionary movement, and from the two- On the other hand, I became sharper Reaction of the tsarist power. The black Mah'dike rulers have determined to drown The revolution in rivers of Jewish blood and They have taken to organizing a queue of fluff Terrible fogromes in various parts Of land, declaring on the Jews that she Are the main culprits in the revolution Zionist movement, The socialist parties on the Yiddish Street, among them also the "Bund", Have then decided to establish in the cities And towns of the Jewish area of ​​the moshav itself- Protection groups, which were known to be middle Popular Russian name, Samooborona " Group, and A quite strong, is i Founded by "Bund" in this Chin. Of various sources are included- About 40 revolvers were bought and About a hundred pencils. " It's worthwhile and interesting to tell From where the necessary items were taken Funds for the purchase of the weapon The Derechiner, Samooborone ". The un- Other parties, such as the anarchists and the socialist Revolutionaries, used to carry out various Expropriations, Raids of Government Money- Institutions and even private wealthy people, In order to raise the funds for their activity. The "bond" was, as is well known, Target against expropriations, and completely from From time to time it is permissible to attack At monetary institutions. 86 It was once decided, in 1904 Became together with Slonimer, Bund "out- Carry out a robbery on the Derechiner Post. Citizens used to be found there In the coffers larger sums of money, even Up to 100 thousand rubles. The nobleman of The post office was then a Kiev ruin Named Batrakov, a strong anti- With, and, of course, a large card- Player, a drunkard and a money-eater. D Organization has accidentally found a conscience Jew, who was well acquainted with Na- Chalnik. The Jew is, secretly, a Durb- Came with him that he might to a certain Date collected in the mail: Case A Larger amount of money and let yourself make on Himself an assault in the middle of the night, when the assailant Will come and bind him, shut him up Mouth I.W. Understands itself. That he did Needed, according to plan, received a substantial portion Of the amount money. To execute the ge- Plant expropriation was selected There have been some healthy Bundovets, which Have had to dress in military Uniform and attack the post-nationalist A certain Friday night, around 2 o'clock At night. Of Slonimer, Bund "are special Came to the execution of robbery Two friends - a certain Lurie and with Izvoshchik, who is well known in Slonim Samuel, who had a good ride Horses and used to be often exploited by The revolutionaries to various dangers- Illegal illegal actions. Everything was ready for the raid, The assailants were overwhelmed before Soldiers, A group of leading colleagues have Observe the HZ on Slonimer Street, In which the post was found. D Two Slonimer colleagues are already standing Ready with the ride horse behind Mishkins House, on the corner of Slonimer Street, in order to escape With the attacker and with money, Suddenly, someone expressed it Sepo Darzain Suspected that the nationalist Batrakow could Make a provocation and put up a weapon Resistance. It was proposed that the Fallers should bring charged browns, And if there will be a betrayal From this narcissist, there will be no choice He and he will have to put down a corpse. The colleagues who have been appointed as Perpetrators of robbery, have not Could decide on a murder-attack and The whole action was postponed literally At the last moment, For as long as he can remember, he did Derechiner, Bund "no longer engaged with Such plans, however, came to fruition Another way to create money for The self-defense and in front of the library. In Derechin, the annual pre- Come public squares on forest-mother- Yalen, which the government proposed to Sold. To the torges are themselves always Gathered a lot of Jewish forest merchants From the whole area. As usual During such markets, the merchants used to Go in there and get one on Second large sums of money. The Bund Or- Organizations of Slonim and Derechin have Decided to make a genius combination: for The Torges have representatives of Bide Organizations turned to the merchants With a suggestion that they should appoint some ; Deliankes ", forest neighborhoods, on which No one should ascend and emitter of the Merchants should buy it before low price On his name. First after the torges may In a private way, the , Deliankes? Among the other merchants and The profit of the square should go on the Purposes of federal self-defense. Naturally has People the merchants were given to understand this Purpose of the, samooborone ?. The merchants agreed on the Combination, and so forth are to the Disposition of self-defense was created Claw thirteen Over the course of 2--2 years larger cash-amount For which weapons were procured For the purposes of the Slonimers and Derechi- Other self-defense organizations. With a part of The money has been increased the bib- Lioteki The revolvers were purchased By the mediation of Slonimer Great Ice cream vendors pour Yezerski. He had Connections, thanks to which they succeeded To create this arms of Germany. After receiving the revolvers, the Young people themselves learn to use with them in the Forests, at secret meetings and meetings Gen. The books in front of the library are Bought in Bialystok. There did Then there is the "Kotix Book Publishing House", in Which one could purchase various Literature. Loyal devotion In those years, the "Bund" i Received, at an anonymous address, um- Legal Russian newspapers of the Switzerland. The conspiracy was then strongly- Beware, in doing so, the discipline was a Sample size and integrity and over- The generosity of the colleagues were both Loud and strong that it is remembered gives no One case of betrayal or provocation, Despite the broader and more elaborate work, With a large library and with a Armed self-defense forces, who surrounded them There are many tens of thousands of colleagues in small-scale Chin, with secret meetings with Concealed weapons A.O.V. The friendly and courteous relations Among the Bundists there was exemplarity. No salaried party functionaries are present Not been at all. Turned --- each one Did not even give up for these purposes Of. The organization the last couple groshoi 87 For "benches" one did not then- Lie and do not tear - everyone has Knowing well that he is more active, He risks ever more with his person- Hole freedom, and even with his life It reigned in the circles of the Bund Rejoice in the holy conviction that Fights for a new world, for the baffle Reaction of the whole of humanity. It's Been accepted and understood that als Children of fledgling Jewish regiment needed We are fighting for a just future. The First goal was to drop the Monarchist rule, introduction of a demo- Cradic order, bring freedom and Equality for all, and then there will be Anti-Semitism is disappearing, so are Jews Want to be able to live peacefully among Gentiles as well. Nobody was able to drive then. Put, what awaits the Jew and with They also other peoples in Europe, with A ride ten years later, after years of Socialist activity and education in The Civilized European Peoples, with Germany brush. Nobody Can you foresee, how revolutionary Movements and regimes will be crippled The lofty so cialistic ideals, for which The young men were ready for them Idealistic years give away very perfectly Live. Self-defense shows you strength Twice the Derechiner Bun- Disabled self-proclaimed as a life-saver Necessary organization to defend Jews Weird and toys have-and-goods. Happened is the first case in the year 1904, During the Russo-Japanese War. No Aug- Zer, Oyezdner "City Slonim is for- Came a mobilization of the military- Mandatory. They were called out Several hundred young Belarusian peasants 88 From the neighboring villages in Derechiner Rayon. There was then a throughout Russia ; Season "of opte fogromen and raids. The black-and-white slogan prevailed "By Zhidov, Spasai Rasio" - hit the Jews and Save Russia. Have also the Belarusian "Novo-Branches", after insurance Myself, wanted a little himself, A game doi with The Jews. So they did not give up Making such a kind of bloody game in slonim, Those who returned in the afternoon From there to home, in Derechiner Area, decided to squat on the road With the Jews of the small town of Halinke. Coincidentally have a ride colleagues from Slonimer Self-defense interfered with the drunken conversations Of the young butchers. They have themselves soon Leaving on the way in on bicycles and Followed the Gentile forms. So be it They were witnesses of a small pogrom, which The "noobrantses" performed on Some poor leftist shopkeeper. The young Scats in Halinke resumed. Drunk, beaten Jews and bereaved little ones Creamy. The assailants were on their way home, In their villages, had to pass Derechin. Are the two Slonims self- Shuttler came quickly to pass any derechin And tells the whole story the or- Ticker organization. It was clear oh Otiot will der; oboz "with the peasants Furry, loaded with the rubber merchandise From the Halinker Jewish shopkeeper, pass Slonimer Street in Derechin. It was a Friday night. Momentary The entire protection was called Group. Armed with revolvers and with Pencil sharpeners have the self-protectors Sorted out, in small groups, lengthwise The Slonimer street. When the wagons are on- Come, get on each wagon soon- Caught a pair of armed boys, took Sepo Darzain The reins in the hands and brought the Forearm to a certain point - that is Was the nursery school of well-known teachers Abraham the Michael. There have been Strictly searched the peasant furloughs, to- Took the looted things, struck a little The Fogromshchikes and they left fleeing Home with their horse-and-cart. From the temples ran the Jews, On the way of receiving Shabbat home. I remember, That among them was also the strict- Pious Judah-Samuel the shopkeeper, whatever Kept on shouting at us: ekig- Honestly, may God help you. It does not work Out that you must a little under um Shabbat - Says a mitzvah to save the poor Toys and goodies. * Even the one and only police force at that time Oradnik, Ostrovskin, forced us Stand by and help pick up the rubber band Things, The work took 2 to 3 hours, Until all foreclosures are stopped and Aug- Was searched. In the middle of the action is From somewhere — where a drunken man arrived Post-nationalist Batrakow and has genu- Why is the police officer being abused? He helps the Jews attack Russians Peasants. He has received such a portion that He barely escaped from there. The second case happened with some Dashim later, it seems, this year 5, was this a certain Sunday, when Thousands of peasants arrive in town Tl, to ostensibly go in circus to the "Moliteve", but first and foremost, make sure, We grew up through our lakes Christian trustees (such Have we had in some villages), that This Sunday, peasants gather, make free- Lech "in Derechin, perform a cake fog- Rom, We have prepared the whole self-defense And he divided the boys between them Sepo Darzain Nagikes. The young people of Dan So-Geru- This "Ecclesiastical League" we have divided flesh- Lech with kerosene. In the Mitak hour ', still The prayer in church and afterward as the Peasants had been getting drunk Let them feel a tense mood among them. It was clear that certain elements were inciting She without attacking the Jews and the gables. By a predetermined firefighter- The signal has been alerted several times Prepared self-defense. The "small-bond" has Silently took underwhelming some Rustic wagons with straw. Of all Sides were heard firing a shot from Revolver. A panic dominated this Whole market. It did not take half Hours and of the hundreds of peasant furloughs Is no male remained in town. Fast And in fright the peasants tensed Their horses and themselves split from Mark VI Mixed corn. Christians have been baptized In 1905, became aware of its existence Of a revolutionary organization at the Jews in Derechin. After the two above-mentioned incidents Which occurred in the course of a few Months, have the neighboring Christian peasants Fear for the Jewish youth. D Jewish fathers and mothers have in those Days first figure out what to do with it Engaged in secret their children. It's The respect grew with everyone Attracting to the youth, to the so-called- Fene; heretics. "Ordinary Jews received Opportunity for the organized youth and Called the youth "social justice." Taken to understand why the youth is going In the woods on meetings and how Is this happening to the believing children Have mingled with the working Youth and became friends together. 5 - and the overthrow Thus arrived the year 1905, the 89 Revolutionary splendor throughout Russia Country has reached its culmination- Just. It was believed that Otibald takes a End to the Tsarist-Monarchist Her- Shaft. Derech also formed the "Bund". Taking feel freer and safer and a little Out of the underground activity Entered in street. I remember how the "Bund" dared In 1905 for the first time celebrate publicly This 1st of May. Have a good Saturday Took collections of youth, also from the same And from Halinke; In Great Park on the latter Be of table shape. Night is out of Park A large demonstration with rte Fener and with revolutionary songs and Summon. The demonstration ended in a landslide. Shirt by Perfect Derechin, from the German Street to the end of the market. Dads and moms ran out of The houses are shattered, shaken, torn down. Malta - they were afraid that still That same night, their children will be beaten In bonds and send any Siberia. But everything is by peace. In the morning There were indeed a number of gendarmes coming from Slonim, with one bolbot at the top. He soon turned to the former Jewish star Sholem Mansky, whatever Got on well with the newcomers Power-lite. He talked to them- Chat, it cost a fortune Whiskey, with a 50 rubles supplement, and the whole History has been forgotten. It's there There was a kind of twilight-time in full Russia. He waited from day to day On a reversal, and the air is Was a little earlier, In the same year we have been the " Praise for appearing in public on a grand scale Rally in the big school. It's fast Rally came quite derechy, old and Young, men, and women — everyone wanted to 90 Listen, who's saying the society justice. "I remember The surprise of my parents and of Our close friends, when they have sight Very quiet, the previous voice Left Gemara-boy, standing on the stage and Hold a fiery revolutionary Sermon against Capitalism, Tsarism, Religiousness Go A.W. Sure. Have they bitten the finger, Full of remorse for their sin with away- Send their son to Vilnius a few years ago Study Torah there. Now they are clear It turned out that Vilnius was very upset Son of road ?, After all, people often make frequent pre- Gatherings and meetings in the study halls, Derechin took issue with that "With a serious force. Not even?" People used to turn to "Bund" about the * Resolve various disputes, Gradually the working Jews and Youngsters straightened their backs, themselves Taking study and reading, myself mixed With the children of the landlords, who Have ceased to be ashamed of craft And taking enemies have idle-hunting. In that year, I remember, used to Happen discussions between "alliance" and the Zionists. The Zionist movement is too Originated in the same ear. She too has Strongly affected the development Of young generation in Derechin and on his Cultural activity. The year 1905 has, as all know and Remember, do not bring the expected redemption, The tsarist government has drowned the Revolutionary movement in rivers of blood Of idealistic youth, of demonstrative- Thick workers and of pogromed IDF After stifling the uprising for freedom There was another wave of pogroms On Jews, Book Thirty I was a witness of horrible things Bialystok Program in 1906, coincidentally I myself was staying in Bialystok, on Road from Derechin to Warsaw, along With my cousin Yaakov zl, who is later Was my wife, the mother of my saint- Deceased children. We were coming Our friends in Bialystok, when it's The pogrom, which has Lasted three days and ended with Over 120 Jewish victims. Bialystok said Had a strong Jewish self-defense - however This program has carried out soldiers of Local military garrison, under the Managing downheld from deep-race Overgrown gendarmes. It was clear That the tsarist government had organized this FOGROM, A black reaction reigned in Greater Russia after the collapse of the Revolutionary movement. The workers' Organizations are back in business- Galer underground and had a deep disappointment Reigned in their ranks. In Derechin, life flowed like Ordinary. In the years of after -1905 is Increased the emigration of youth in the White lands overseas. But the wave Of secular education has been dominated The youth. The old way of life is Changed, new doctrines and new questions Faces have dominated the minds of their- Chinese youth. The Zionist movement grew Movement and also former Bundists are Influenced by her. In general There was a mood of silence After storm, but the ideals of liberation Did not disappear even in the dark Years until the outbreak of the First World War, Sepo Darzain 91 Send Derechin / Ray Raskin With love and pain I remember myself Without Derechin and her Jews, who are Already gone today. I was not born in Derechin, Fool in another town, click away There, by accident I am enrolled Became too derechin and fundarten too Took my passport in those distances Tsarist times, When I was very young, it was We want to know more than ever World and I left in the Next, Russian city of Kharkov. I have There was a tailor working there. I quickly became a friend A secret revolutionary organization. I was sent for arrest Became with stage no ... Derechin, whale According to my passport, I was a Dere- Chiner. In small, quiet Derechin said Ruled a poor, but established life. I looked at the faces of The people - fordagh'te, faharevete, With little livelihood. I myself have been Then felt richer, more developed and Enjoy from the ot the All young and old Eden. I have already had dreams of a Better, fairer and fairer world And I was ready to sacrifice myself For such a world. No secret, revolutionary organization Was still not there in Derechin. When The Derechins grew up without it Came with etap A young Jewish girl, What has to do with Nachalstua, With police, they were shocked- Worn. I remember that when I went Report to Fistow (the chief of The police), there are many townspeople- Chn we followed. Something zigzags in Yet in Derechin never happened. And When I was already in Freestyle Office, I could see curious Faces look in through the window. The Fristov himself was also good over- Frightened, as he read mine Papers. There was written that I Must reside in Derechin under the Supervision of police. The Fristow has a Shouted: "You must all be hanged!" He meant all revolutionaries. When The crowd behind the window heard His cry, he is fast, full of fear, Go home It was really hard for me after that Acquired an apartment. Only one family lived Accepted with courage and we earned A Corner in her apartment. The people in small town Were still restless for me, the At night, when I am already Lying in bed, I could still hear Voices whisper about me: "What is she doing?" She is not sleeping yet. She is reading a booklet. " - ,, So completely? Vi And the next day, when I walked down the street, I could see it opening up Silence the window of the little one Houses and it sticks out feminine Head, with curious eyes that look at me Still: - Here they are. -, here they go, It was hard for me to live in Such an atmosphere. I agreed to send A, "proshenie" to the higher power in 92 Petersburg, that I should be allowed to enter "No slans, the near ones, on the outside" A city where I will be able to find work. Deep in my heart I hoped that there, In Slonim, there is a secret, Revolutionary organization with colleagues Which will be much easier for me and Better. Days and weeks are over. The in- Inhabitants of Derechin have already become a Little accustomed to me, the "sender", And myself already not so frightened before me. People have even regretted: A toy girl, and she's down Match Road ... * I've even gotten a job The provincial Damsken tailor. Every day A policeman used to show up there To see if I'm still not escaped, having I've been under Foley the whole time Zionist oversight. Had I shin Then in the sense of agitating the couple girls, With whom I have worked together at Tailor-table, they, open the eyes that she Let them also begin to believe in a better one And a more beautiful world and become revolutionary- Chest, so I. I lived in a family (i Remember, unfortunately, not their name) from a Husband and wife with three children. They have Had a local store. The two boys Have studied in a room. This little one Girl used to play outdoors, in Sand, with her friends. Parents are A whole week was spent in theirs Shop. When it does, however, come the free- Ticked day, was already at home Felt the arrival of Saturday. The poor cabin Has been refreshed, the floor is out- Washed. In honor of Saturday, the table is covered Worn with a white tablecloth, on top of each other The two challahs were covered with A white tablecloth, this all has made the Book Thirty Mother of the family. She washed around The children, they dressed clean, Sabbath. When Everything was already ready to absorb this Saturday, she blessed light. In that second I obviously saw, as of you Always caring face disappears the Everyday. A Saturday peace has Then scattered over all faces and At all angles, Here also the father came from school, He jumps over the house and sings: "Peace The angels of the server are upon you. " Next Saturday. Everyone is sitting at the table A high, calm mood. The children Be quiet and stately when the mother Presented to the table the delicious, Friday- Evening meals. Then the father sings Songs, and all around table sing below Silence, I also sit with every Friday They at the table. I do not want to be Taken aback with the feeling of being- Elevation and beauty of Saturday. It did so Disagree with my revolutionaries Theories about religion, and I remember well My mixed feelings during that Friday- And Sabbaths. Then arrived from St. Petersburg Answer that I am allowed to drive Slanim. I heartily parted with The family and with all the people I met in Derechin. I have Packed my curb and I moved No slanim. This is how the short time ended From my sitting in Derechin. For the time being We became many things and people Dear and dear. This feeling of love towards that person Yiddish Derechin accompanied me mine Whole life and became even stronger, When the great one came to him, Sharper veto after horrific destruction of The Derechiner Jews through the Dark Nazi assassins, Book Thirty Stormy Years It wants to tell the younger ones- Chinese countrymen, who are with brothers-in-law Survived after undergoing Shiva Maduri Hell, a bunch of memories of the past Rechin, from those years 1902 to 1910, on How many of them still remain in my memory. Derechin was a town like any other Small towns, a lovely, a love, a warm and A poor. Yeah Al that sounds pretty crap to me, Looks like BT aint for me either. Houses, some of them even affordable, But most of them were Derechins Poor shopkeepers and artisans, who have Himself hard struggled in order ui it is to make A life. Not a single Derechiner used to shun Monday begin to thorn the brain, thinking From what will the Sabbath be made. The illegitimate children went To better teachers, the poor - most of them Talmud-Torah, where they studied A little Hebrew, not knowing even the meaning Of the Torah. For a long time there were no poor children Could teach themselves, because they nurtured youth Leave work to help the father In the livelihood. The "scammers" Of course, richer children are Went on to study further, in yeshiva or Gymnasium, in different cities. The are- Several boys, who were born early Workers and had not learned anything, Used to revolve around in the evenings Town and have nothing to do. So did Gathered a campaign of youth, Which has been given a name "rogue". So there was nothing to do, care The boys put on all kinds of pieces, to blade- Eat the believers or the silent, Ba " Divorced Jewish daughters. 3 Joe Silkovich The best evening for these young people Was Friday-to-night. They used to Turn around late at night over town TL - in the morning you obviously do not need Get up early to work - and get up All kinds of pieces, like ts. B. Take the guy- Keiklots, which the butchers used to leave Lem dove drinks store, and thrown in Market well, or throw a cat generation- Next window to Elijah the Kvosnik, whatever Was immersed in types of sleep still A torturous week of work. It was introduced that a canopy was used People put Friday and the Avechere ", the A feast with hymns and musical instruments and dances, They used to make Saturday night. Perhaps it used to A belligerent girl refuses to dance With a craftsman, already the coming- Thicken Friday be what to do: on pole From Mark-well and on the door of old Wall used to find Derechiner Saturday early Posters with all sorts of disgusting expressions on- From that girl's address, Take a nose "... a whole Saturday used to be the call Hang on, because no Derechiner Jew would Not daring space Saturday be and they downi Tear. Among the "swindlers" was Ai- Ner, who could buy the black Accurate "and he used to write this Posters ... One becomes a Bundist When I was still studying in yeshiva We are subject to this from time to time. FN proclamations. Were yeshiva-boys who Used to throw it away soon, but only a few Read this carefully, stop for a long time On the new terms, such as "proletarian", "Fight", "unite" a. D. Gal. Much of 94 We do not yet have those expressions: Stood, but something that happened to us Glued. In short, I have gradually become a Proletarian in Derechin. I remember Exactly how this started a Conscious Saturday afternoon, when I have spaai Ornate, as was the custom, in ag- Res-sod, is to me Sarah-Leah'ke, This. Blind musicians daughter, and me Asked if I wanted a booklet for reading Sarah-Leah came from deep inside Russia, where she worked as a laundress Guitarist, and was a beleaguered bun- Distaste, with a good mouth to speak and agi- Doors, and moreover a lovely. I have already done so Had heard, that she walks around with belly- In nine guys. I was curious too Take a booklet from her, But as soon as that happened At home, my brother-in-law approached me. He and I presented a good slap, scream- End: Edo, yeshiva-guy, spirit already around With the Cicilists?! Y The slap made me feel good Bundist, 2 Gradually is the cleaner crisis of ; Bond "? Grew up and embraced this Most of Derechiner's youth. Too The "swindlers" of yesteryear have abandoned Their piece and themselves organized in the boon " Dish circles. The first meeting A short time after the story with the booklet And with a slap came to me a Conscience Friday-to-night minor a neighbor and Let us know if there is a pre-order Collection. You have to pass the barracks To over bridge that leads no Alexich And there turn left, to the thick Bushes. He shoved me in About this, password * which I'll ask On the way to the meeting. Book Thirty The night was getting darker, with a Numerous stars. We arrived on the spot. On the way we came across some ba- I know a lot about young people Knowing that they are organized Bundists, The girls had theirs disguised Faces with the scissors, so that she may Click Recognize. But I knew well Everyone in Derechin! Imagine my feelings while walking To the first illegal assembly, I experienced almost the same thing as Then when my dad wrapped me up In his tallit in order to read the Haftarah too Maine Bar-Mitzvah. The idea that one has to My trust has filled me with pride, And besides, my zeal was great To see whom I will meet on the Secret Meeting, And I was really surprised, when I saw Chaim Rabinovich and heard His speech. Were there after a few young- People I never thought I would be Thought they were dear to us, workers, Were present at that first meeting 5 colleagues, but from one meeting to the Second, there was an increase in allied tires The leather-factory-work is approaching Ter and young artisans, along with Many of the intelligent youth. S'hat Conducted a cultural work, he learned The youngsters read and write toys. With The time has been set up a bib- Liotek. A dramatic circle has arisen- Leads on stage Goldfadens drama And for the first time Derechin saw Theater! Gradually, it started in small towns And for us, young people. Lite, came an active, serious och Also happy times in our lives. Summer Time, when various are yet to arrive Door and speaker no derechin, is each Saturday's meeting was a real one-day event. Sefo Drain Good. We sang, studied, sang a lot Strolled and dreamed about a happy Future for all working people. The Pozharne Crew * In those years it arose in Deret- Shin the "Pozharne crew" --- The fire- Lesher with helmets and shiny buttons. The whole lesh-camera is composed of A couple fastidious, who have always run and Zalman Weinstein, longtime commander Of Derechiner Pozharne crew One single hand-pump. Every time when Size was a fire used the machine Be spoiled. Hence but remember I a case, when Everything in the fpozharner crew "said Worked well: A Derechiner landlord did Found his daughter a trypan'nem book - The Jew in anger tore the booklet and Spotted his daughter. Bundestag Company- Pozharnikes have grown up about this And made lesh-maneuvers on the house of That Jew. The pump has worked, d Feasts did not fall and the Jew did Felt the taste of A font without a bit Fire, but with plenty of water. In those times, when the greatest part Boys and girls in Derechin are When organizing and conducting an active te- 5 Interest in having an interesting company After all, life was animalistic Daughters who cared for the evenings and Saturdays Tim stays seated on the porch and himself See how the working girls and boys Rim stroll, spend and study yourself, We have a family. And it was not easy "Dan Zane, outside the camp." When it came to meeting with colleagues A wedding, it was everyone's joy. Almost the entire youth of the town used to co- People are happy to dance and spend time Then the "alliance" has already mediated two * Shan the workers and their employers. The abolition of Saturday night was abolished. Work Listen Learn. And when the sun shone brightly Of the revolution in Russia, though on A short time, have Derechiner youths March the first of May with a red flag Across market. Hrb Plotkins children. From right to left - Above: Jacobimair and Emmanuel, Below: Beilke, Moshe and HDS 6 Got A M A L .. / Was once a splendid small town, middle Name Derechin. Within and around its borders Her nature was glorious. Arum 4 Hundreds of Jewish families lived there In harmony, felt like one family. The friendship between Derechiner was A name-thing. The youth wanted very much Develop intellectually. An unwritten Maral's code prevailed in the Relationships between the generations derechiner of Since our elders remember this and until The last days of the last Derechiner. A certainty has filled our lives. M. walked and traveled over to neighbors Fields and welder without fear. Ed In my youth I listened to Without organization, - always wanted to be among Elderly, --- what happens in the summer Collect in forest. At the top of our pre- Volume stood a talented speaker, Which used to speak to us on each Assembly and enchant us with its Speeches. A kind of holy spirit set in Feel during our meeting in the woods. So the time went on, we wanted to The more you know, and also - a bit of life Enjoy. I remember the time when A purposeful group was formed Put on a show. Has decided to stop The drama "Bar Kochba". I also listened To the dramatic circle and was given to me To play the role of Dina, Bar-Kochba's bride. The role was not easy, I have Put in a lot of effort and energy and, loot Everyone's opinion, well played the role. Too The rest of the "artists" have their roles Stepper Drzain Feygdala Abramovich Carried out as it should be. I remember this A young man who played Bar-Kochba Roll - A tall, beautiful and healthy June German, not a doctor, but a coward. Men from Zabelin, a small town near Volkovysk. His name was Shlomo Azernitsky. We both Had on stage very needed love Have one the other. The role of Dina's His father, Eliezer, played the wolf sack. Let, Israel the sun's a son. His brother Chaim-Nahum, Moshe-Yaakov Abramovich, Shmuel- Jacob Muller, Leibke Shulkavich and Moshe Minkovich were in the Sanhedrin. Nahum Bliznyansky was King Rufus, Which was also in love with Dinhts And wanted to take it by force. When Dina is Did not agree to leave to call, hat He arrested her. There she was severely injured. Nodded, but she did not give in And is ready better to die before Becoming Rufus' Beloved ... I remember three more girls Plays in the drama, as a supervisor on Dina'n: Henie Lubetsky, Rachel Grachuk and Khyene Abramovich. They were quiet Fuses slaps and fitted on the Arrested Dina, forced her to heavier Worked, tormented and tormented the noble Prisoner. She begs them to come Refer to her humanely, and sing She's a song about a young shepherd. You sing Missed the three slaves so much that they became To her gentler and sing along with her. A third character, Papus the cripple, Is also secretly in love with Dina'n, thief Entering prison, hears behind the wall You sing and you are enchanted. The role Of lame papus performed one Book Thirty From another city that worked in Garbarnia, named Elijah the Platnik (I do not remember his family), Bar-Kochba does not want to, of course, be Love Dinah should die in prison, he comes With his warriors waging war against Rufus. When Dina finds out, she climbs up On the roof of the prison and holds A long, Dramatic speech to Bar "Kuchba" demanding From him he shall not start any war Rufus, because he will lose the battle and Also his life. Dinah throws herself down from High roof and killed ... The director of the show is also there There was no derechiner. Named He was Aaron-Jacob and he used to be a yeshiva- A guy who studied in the "old wall." He has very well adapted the roles to each One of the player and also good one- Shoots with everyone the whole drama. I remember that the performance of Bar- Kochba "made a call in Derechin Impressions are gained in a fluid, global, diffused way. Talks about this in small town. The income from The disguise is going in favor of Are- Melee on Passover. The drama is three times Played. We, as Dinah, have people Memories of Tatns Pub / I came to America before that World War I, still a young girl, And all the people wondered at Derech It comes that Samuel Beckenstein should send his Daughter no America? * In those years they- Nen traveled to the golden country of America Only those who have not made a living Said in Derechin. Came to us but was Of all good, though no gentlemen are we Never been. We had a pub, A forecourt house and a "pivot lavke", a Beer business, in which we used to- 97 Invited from neighboring cities I should come Participate in various performances. Of course I refused. A Derechin had a living and Capable youth, who knew how Cheerful and pleasant to spend. Thereby These are the relations between the young men And girls were correct and forthright. So it was with my youth in Derechin, Until I got married. As usual, It changed my whole life- Concerns have been raised about livelihoods, children- Education. After came the former World War II with its severe famine years And after the Polish occupation with the Trouble for Eden. But all this is now apparent Idyll in comparison with Hitler's rule In which derechin, The former love, Gay Derechin died in pain, Torment, murder and bitter struggle in the Forests --- in those forests, where we have In our youth woven the most beautiful Dreams about destiny of our nation and Of the whole of humanity. Dvache Kres-Beknstein Pour beer from feces into flesh and things Sold. Of course we have Had a license with a patent, according to Who were allowed to drink ba Us beer, mead and wine, as well as snacks, But we did not get any whiskey. Keep holding, because on this was a Monopoly State, But how can one obtain a whiskey? We did, in fact, go into hiding Also of this kind. We had to be afraid Have only to "excise", knowing when such 98 One comes and catches us the whiskey, A fine must be paid. Is precisely "Derechin was a good excise". He had to check on us three times In manat, he used to enter earlier to The aunt eats in store, order on such Let us know that he is coming soon To us. Until his arrival we used to burn- Gen ever in arrangement. When he used to enter Go to us in store, is he remained only Sign the booklet he found Everything as it should be. Once a month Also used to come on a revision a cross- Controller, and the articulate exciseman used to Let us know about this soon, in order He may come to us not to find any forbidden Goods, And this went on, until it was too late The good situation came to an end. Someone hated Excuse the "exciseman" and say yes Sent from Derechin, on his art Came a new, excise, "a kedar, With the name of Rafalovich. He was Kant as a bad man, who makes an Trouble every single one in town. There was still little for us in trouble We approached a larger one: once, late At night, they came to us in the back room Sat some people who worked At Kostiol, and have eaten and carried- May. In a private room one does not Got even beer drinks. Occasionally hears My father that knocked at the door. He opens At the door and see for yourself a beautiful dress- Date man, in civilian clothes. The latter asks My father, can he stay the night? Us. The father took him in A room. Asked the latter for a fleshy beer, And my father brought him in soon. Brought. The guest has drunk one Glass beer of bottle and turned To the father: "Do you know who I am?" And Soon he takes out of pocket an official Certificate and shows it my parent. This tatn Duchamp Book Became dark before the eyes: was Is that Zayats, the chief auditor over All excise duties in Grodno province. Ge- Hath he hath a name of an evil wicked one, For which all have trembled. My father Wanted to take the bottle of beer, said The latter did not leave him, saying that he needed to The bottle as evidence, order later, came the In the presence of a "janitor" prepare this Protocol against my parent. To all troubles Was it the eve of a holiday, when the sale Of spirits is forbidden whole Three days. Exactly on such days we used to Focus on a great solution and size Came to us prepared in neighboring times- More Lots of whiskey. It was already midnight, when the Dad came in to us, the kids, and up- Awakened from sleep me and my brother Jacob- Life. In the room in which it is lying The great Zapas whiskey, slept og- Zers A small child, we raised him, That he may weep, and that he may Angry, guest of second room gives hear What we do. We did what we had to do: We slowly inserted the meat Whiskey in cashews and this presented this Tade through window. From garden we have This was later towed away and concealed Leibe Valiekin the shoemaker on Slanimer Street. Afterwards we went to all the others. Chinese bartenders, they raised and on- Said that a revision is being prepared. In all Donate was indeed prepared A stock Whiskey. Late at night we had the- Know that along with our jokes and Dangerous, Gastie arrived after two "Chinovnikes." They agreed Joshua Mishkin, came who was the Station of the Nachalstuo. In the morning, the three auditors searched And benefited in all Jewish pubs, however They left with nothing. Book Thirty Bitter and bitter memories / Remember! It's easy to say the word, But with what memories this is connected! For me, as a Derechiner, this brings In memory of our town, its Jews And this bitter fate theirs. Together. With the Jewish community in Perished a large part of the family Minor, the children and grandchildren of Meshl Bliznansky. What happened next? Great family! Of the ten brethren and Sister, with all their many children, Survived, scattered and scattered Spread over the whole world, whole 9 person. I've been long ears in America. I was the eldest son In the family. Our youngest sister Was rescued by the German assassins Hands. After seven of the grandchildren found In various countries, But from my childhood, till br- To be a mitzvah, I have vivid memories of ours Derechin. My dad gave it to me 99 Nahum Bliss-Bliznansky To the best teachers in town, first Fasting R. Avraham-Chaim, the alphabet-teacher, Afterwards to R 'Altern, to R' Shlomo dem "Kazionem RB", I later learned Gemara comes from R. David Chaim Shimon, and finally In R. Chaim-Yitzchak there is no Talmud-Torah, until Bar- Mitzvah. After leaving Bar Mitzvah, I left Study in yeshiva, abroad. Ate Days and home came very rarely, fool On good days. When I'm a little olderI 'm gone to the big city. Tish Center --- No Vilnius, Warsaw. Later Been a few years in Germany, in Switzerland And thence to Argentina. More I have lived in America for 53 years, I'm already an old man now. D Memories of my youth in the past Chin mixes me out in head and in Hearts with the bitter memories of mine Perished dear relatives. Heavy, heavy Relive it all, Yiddish until the last breath / Moshe Kuyat I want to tell about our town that I remember my childhood. There are Many years of wars have already passed, Slaughter and partisan fighting in the welfare state That, and it may be that part of mine Memories of those distant years are not so Exactly, but the reader of our book- I will be forgiven if I have any A small mistake in recounting my memories. The main thing is my good intention to describe The Jews of those generations at the beginning of Tick ​​century. Rural Jews They were good, faithful and pious Jews. When, the settlers of around Derechin. Almost In every village there was a Jew a factor, A tenant and also a land-worker. In some villages have lived several Jewish families. They were all pious, many of them Have also been able to learn. And having them have Lived among Gentiles, they had special 10 Provided for the Jewish education of Their children. Holidays and other holidays They used to come to Derech to pray Our study halls. In small towns people used to Of them holding and very fine reception Thus, I can not forget the settler Of Patsevich, a village between Derechin and Fiesk. He was a very prosperous man Id. So do our Derechiner dealers And craftsmen used to pass every month too To the fairs in Fiesk, is they always Appeared passing the village. And the Jew, the settler, used to stand in Outdoors, on the road, and stopping everyone else- Chiner. I had to go in to him In the inn, something beside him ate and Drink - he did not pass anyone- Let pass without a refreshment in his inn, And they would not insult him. My father used to say: Count, as the Potsdocker innkeeper Did not even literally push him inside With power in inn, given something over- Bite and even enjoyed entering a Separate room to rest, wash from Summer sweat, and only then left him Proceed no fiasco to the fair. It is already difficult to calculate the names Of all settlers in our area. I Just remember how Dad told us Counts that the lovely daughter of the settler Burl Flishiner fell in love with A. Stiff and wanted to curse himself. Her father Knew nothing about it, but mine Father, to whom it has come these Sounds, is soon off to Burlen and him Tells the bitter gospel. The Yeshuvgik Immediately took himself to his daughter and You sent to America. So did One Jew ever did before another. The village gentiles had opted for Their Jews are the settlers, they used to come To them still without advice, even in family-questions. Sefo Zarzain The Derechiner Machians My grandfather, peace be upon him, a Stolinist Hasid, Was a gentile tailor. He used to Sewn for the Gentiles of the town, for the; Chanias. "I remember when I was out. Broke the Russo-Japanese War and The "stock" was mobilized Older Christians, are many of the Messiah- News came to my grandfather that he should have them Give a blessing for their departure on the War. My grandfather used to give them his hand And wish them well Home healthy and whole. Happened Made that until when the Derechiner sol- Data arrived as far as Siberia, itself said Already the war is over. And I remember that in Derechin are There were such Christian women, who Used to bring gifts, mostly handkerchiefs, In the study halls, when it used to be with them Someone in the family gets sick and more I remember when Arke the school-teacher Used to come to us on Zeller Street, which Was a mixture of Jewish and Christian houses, and waking up in the middle of the night My fathers and other Jews to forgive with Such loud shouts, --- never had Happens that a GI should ark. Or someone Of the Jews in our street, say because of this A bad word. Quite different, murderous and predatory, We were approached by the local brass- Chanes, in the vast majority, while The Nazi occupation, before the massacre and After you, From the beginning of the month of Elul to Simchat Torah I am a son of a pious family. My Mother was so Jewish-religious that It has taken years from many neighbors Around every Friday their cholnt-tep in You bake in the oven, though in the oven Were in every Jewish home. , I Book of Zerzain Wants to earn after a mitzvah and after a mitzvah " She used to answer when I took care of her Ask why she is going to serve other people. Lebostes mid-cholnt-shelf The oceans can not be forgotten Days from the first month of Elul until after Simchat- Torah. With the arrival of the month of Elul used to On us, the youth, and also on the Older, attack such fear. I used to The whole month, and afterward in the days Terrible, trembling like a fish in water, I I still did not understand why in those years That is, Yom Kippur was a day of downfall. Fasting and trembling. I could hardly wait Geila --- and soon they begin to build the tabernacle. This was a sign to us that it Come now lighter, cheerful daily With what joy we used to- Set the tents of the sukkah, stand up That ours may be more beautiful and better Like other tabernacles around us, and we worship Bring lots of green twigs to decorate The tabernacle from within and without Simchat-Torah is for everyone, and afterward For us boys, it was a happy day- Good. Even the Gentiles of small towns used to come Hear the cantor sing and pay attention to these The laps. Simchat Torah Day Jews used to drink Go to school and have a drink With attachments one to the other. Gay Was in Derechin! My father told me that once He arrived the morning after Simchat Torah In a neighboring town and had seen in Some Jewish houses shattered What turned out? In that township There were two rabbis, and each rabbi did Had his side. The Jews rejoiced in the Torah On both sides well secured and onge- Raise up proverbs and get one with the Others - until it came to slaughter And began to break the window. 11 There are such quarrels in Derechin Never been. Derechin always has Had one rabbi, The Power: Hober of Derechin From my childhood I remember this Jewish staroste Sholem Mansky. He used to Issues passports to everyone and every year Announce he needs to go serve. In his con- Celery also worked as a Christian Secretary, the Meshchanin Sinkovich. Be Main task was to put this down Stamp on passport. Was is this ever after By Tsar Nicholas. I still remember Solomon this, Kazoner Robin ", who had to prescribe the Newborns as well as deceased children Bene resident of Derechin. The power in small town consists of A freestav, a uradnik and strazhnikes Of the Gendarmerie. Between them was One Jewish janitor. He used to walk in the middle Christian Staroste demand interest. Perhaps Someone did not pay the interest, he used to say A catch do the lighter and escape. I did Had to chase him and redeem the Sabbath Lighter .. The Fozherne command In those years he was already in Derechin A lovely fuzzy crew with a fine Orchestra - all only Jews. The main Commander of Fozharne was Zalman Weinstein Listen Learn. As in other cities is also in Derechin for many years approached a bite- Tube fight for the "Nachalstvo" in Former commander between Weinstein and Jankel Dvoretskin. Everyone wanted to Win the sympathy and vote of this Crowds simple fozharnikes, and the last Enjoy indeed from this enjoyment - obtained from Both sides very often good to eat and Drink ... 102 The Gentiles used to burst into jealousy, Seeing the uniformed Jewish firefighters, This commandant with the white gloves During the parades, the Christians worshiped only then Must do night-judging on horseback for the Fozharner crew. Derechin was Yiddish Shabbat was in Derechin - Shabbat, Holiday was - holiday. The Gentiles in Shtetl have things well understood and Saturday People were hardly seen in the streets Also Christian horse-drawn carriages. Generally used One Sabbath and in the terrible days hardly at all See no Gentile in the streets. Book Thirty Perhaps a fair used to fall on A Saturday or holiday, used to be Christ, who was preoccupied with this, Announce and hang up an ad that the The fair is held on a weekday. And how many the Gentiles, with their governors And clerics, have tried to make their- Chin more Christian ", more Russian - hot There they did not help. It did not help either The Germans in the First World War too "Defend" our town, and neither do we Flock to, rot "Derechin. Until the last day of her downfall is Derechin was Yiddish and Yiddish - And so she also perished. Those pious, honest Jews / Esther Nissenbaum-Briker Do not forget those Jews, pious and Honest, poor and believing, who are Already today not in the countries in which We were neglected. Of all lovely, sheer types comes later In memory of my own family, the family By Isaac-Jacob Briker and his wife Hannah- Rachel. He was an educated man, Could teach and the rabbi did not Once invited as one of the bu- Rrim, when Jews have had a conflict between Yourself. He was physically a weak man And opt used to him not being able to go to school Entered in the morning, but every afternoon He was a moderator in the beit midrash, studying A page of Gemara, a chapter of Mishnayot, and Arum He was always seated by many listeners and Swallow every word. Settle down to me the day when the Grandmother Sarah-Hinde died. The father Came from the burial, sat down Sheba and started learning Job. Our The house was immediately overcrowded with people. Chn. It was a summer day, we had Opened the window and numerous neighbors have Standing up - everyone was listening To the arguments of Job in his great un- Luckily This huz has always been open, before Jews as for Christians. There are one- Weddings were arranged, with covers and With all ceremonies to the canopy; Saturday After prayers, the In-laws and in-laws for Night - The Big Three Feasts. This house Used to be given away without pay and the In-laws only needed help out- Wear the furniture so that it will be heavier. D Greatest enjoyment of the weddings have had Me, the groceries. Stood is this hz opposite the Provoslavner Church. On Christmas night And New Year, when it was very cold, Was this house open to the Christians, They should be able to warm themselves a little. Yes, there were once such Jews. Let's her Always remember, Sepo Darzain 103 A night trip with Diligence / Queen Alper Derechin was closely associated with Slonim, you, uyezd ", in trade, education, Administration, Medicine a. D. C. Aziv Derechin is located about 15 km Far from a train station, from which the train Has carried no slang, is the most practical Connection with slanim were - with horses, Ie with delusions. The diligence is Was a large wagon covered with a bow, Which needed protection from sun and from Rain, From Derechin the diligence departed Virtually always empty of cargo, but back, From Slonim to Derechin, the wagon was Loaded with whatever could be touched In carriage entered, and above,. On the all feck And packages, the corpse was packed. Spare? - The passengers. It reminds me of childhood A hot summer night at Sholem-: Hirschl dem Diligence in both. The wagon was Packed with bags, sacks and chests and It contained a pro- Mother horse. Still more tired Appeared the passengers, wrapped in The boyd, which covered the largest Part of cart. R 'Sholem-Hirschl himself, which is the night Before that, Derechin sailed to Slonim And was wandering about all day The businesses deliver the orders and Picking up the goods, Nabach dreamed Sitting on carriage behind his hobby. This He hid him so that he could be released Do not take and push the horse, which- Hair, has often turned off and in no way Open did not want to move from place to place. The people in Baidel are also trying to catch up A dream: one stuck with his head on it Shoulder of another, or on a fork with Goods, and who does not have it in his head To shake, dream and shake his head Right to left or up and down - All according to the rhythm of the wagon that is towing Yourself on a non-paved road. The horse stops, catches up The passengers, - but not R 'Sholem-Hirschl, M 'tries to subdue the horse, but he Do not move. -, R 'Sholem-Hirschl, the horse is standing ...? - Wake him up to a passenger sitting nearby To him. Hears the name of his landlord, Touches the horse of place, accompanied by R ' Sholem-Hirschl's sleepy uio! Wow! One of the "characters" bought In Slonim a cake (Slonimer cake had Had a name in the whole area). In He also carried a small cup With a piece of fur. And so in the middle The summer night, when the air in It's warm outside and the heat in the booth Is large of the affected people, - takes He came out of the pot the cake Put his finger in the cup with the Fur, shove out of there a bit of This melted fat, spread it on cake And ... eats with appetite. Oh, how do you get out of here? Chameleon, filled with the scent of fresh fur, On the fresh air appeared! But go crawl Over legs, hands and even bodies. Sits One thus suppressed a whole night and You can't move from place to place A bit of an attraction in Monotonous and Taking care of dogs is the training of dogs, When passing through a gentile village. This 104 Hobby gets scared, starts speeding up Peace. The whip whistles in the air with Bee, in order to drive away the dogs. And The "apparitions" enjoyed --- the horses Go sooner and the big boy protects her from The dogs .., Sefo Ducain The night goes out and a gray morning Come on in her place. In the greatness Lets already be seen from afar the top Of Derechiner Church. Swear a little Living on the soul, here will soon Take an end to the arduous journey. A teacher in Derechin / Huh Navik Before my eyes goes through a gallery Of near, dear people, forgotten faces And experiences related to my pre- Young people, who remain so deeply- Cricket in memory. I remember, oh being a child, huh I with my brother spent virtually a Year at seed in Natzkeve. Was This after our mother's death. Once am I fell and waved a hand, did My grandfather and I took Dr. Navitsky to Then more we brought to the Feldman family, where there were a Many children, and later he was with me Went to beg in business. From then on I remember Bebe, a lowly Woman with smart, friendly eyes and a Sweet, feminine voice, struck at me Made a very good impression. I am Was so happy when my grandfather, Mordechai- - Benjamin Novik later told me that That in the days of trouble he gathers himself together, to- Seeds with the bobbin, come no derechin And Einstein came in the good morning Bebe Rabinovich. Years later, my grandfather died We found a home for Fradel Goldberg, That was when I decided Engage in teaching --- giving privately Lessons - In Derechin. Fradl did Had a fashion store, she used to raise Very early, prepare food for her parents Zunele Shlomo, who has already left In room, and for smaller ones, which are given- Loves Derheim with his grandmother, Fradls Old mother, Fradl's chicken stood in the middle Shtetl. Opposite was Alper's pharmacy, Babes business, yikes. Chicken and the road To the schoolyard, where almost everyone used to Friday happen A wedding. A canopy is used Put on the schoolyard, and when I used to I can already hear the musicians playing Knowing that leads groom-bride to the canopy. I used to go there and myself too Meet with acquaintances. With what impatience I have Expect this Friday! When I used to- From right to left: Sh. Rothstein, music teacher And conductor; His wife Noble and her Sister Rachel - both midwives, daughters of Meir-shie the farmer Sefo Zarzain Stand in Derfri, in already the floor In main room were smeared with Wax, on the table, which was covered With a snow-white tablecloth, stood Glittering candle with light, ready to go Bless. Two challahs were lying on top, Modestly covered with a tablecloth, the The oven was covered with a wire And he was ridiculed Smells of Saturday food, On Friday afternoon, Fradel used to Making her shop. After coming home used to She put on her Sabbath-clothes, dyed the Two boys and her old mother and herself Prepare to receive Shabbat. Her face turned out- Seen completely differently than in the week- Days: You always have hard faces Shone, the wrinkles have turned out- Matched. When she stood up and Sang the Sabbath Kiddush, sang on You the Shechinah touched. After Saturday meal I used to go out for a walk with her And she used to tell me about her early Deceased husband and about her plans How to raise her two children, When I speak today of the Sabbath, Soon swims out before my eyes prowls Cast with her Friday-to-night. In the middle of the market was also found Meir-shie the farmer's house. There are Were two daughters. The elders Heisen Rebecca. Youth tend to be there for- Gathering, I also took in- Come on, but I'm not sure. Fitted in the company, though all have Turned to me very friendly. Then I was invited to Yaakov in the house, on a literary evening, On which will appear with a refe- Guess her husband, Chaim, I met there With Rebecca Rabinovich, which is long 105 Remained my close friends. There hub I also befriended Judith Flat- Cain, the daughter of RBS, with teacher Fintsov, With Rachel Kaplan. It opened for me A new, interesting world. I even have Participated in two theatrical performances Lungs, which are unsuccessful Conducted under the direction of Haims in a Full-fledged Shire in tail city. Enough income Went on to a very necessary purpose, The two actors were: Shalom- Eliakim, Mazal Tovi and "The Doctor". D Children from small towns have enjoyed my games Long we called, Zhe ou pri "- a French sentence, which excludes me- Came to say in my role. And how can I forget this summer in Derechin? The meetings on a brick After Bliznanski's house, the first house by Entry from Natskve no derechif Opposite was a park, across Which the moon used to shine brighter and Friendlier than anywhere else. At the park, In an old house with very large rooms, Lived my grandfather's brothers A daughter From the village of Lantsevich. She was called Lovely. My grandfather had a sister, Stirke A Kremlin in the middle of the market. Ir Mann, a learned, If you come to a market day to help, He used to give away the goods free of charge Poor peasants, of mercy about. Very own Tsikar son Burl studied in a yeshiva. It's also part of the bundle of memories about Derechin, I am especially pleased with the Manen that winter and summer in Derechin, with all the people who are Remained my closest friends also in the Later years, however, painful and bitter Is to remind themselves about their destruction And about the destruction of the small town of Derechin, 106 Dartsin Book Of joy the shopkeeper's will - - - Sometimes people will have to give an account of everything. No complaints there do not help To stand trial. There goes no trade and no excuse, I did not have time to think about myself, but I was confused day and night Until. Over copy ... but who can already argue like me, who has already gotten a little too Late about yourself? What will be my purpose? I feel very scared of Day to day, no eternal life is gone, everything has to be corrected. - - - My whole hope that my sons will relieve me with Kaddish say, with Learning, as it happens that good sons relieve the parents at a later time, - I no longer have that hope. I have sinned against my two crowns, by which I have I used to be from hell, and now I have nothing to hope for but before On God and then on my Jews, because he knows my situation correctly. I have on mine Children have nothing to speak about, they should just be all healthy and rich - the far with the Domestic, all. But they are very busy people, not all of whom I can count on It's hard for them to prove it. But Isaac asks me to count on me as a mother, he should do for me The true grace, which is done without payment, with prayer and Kaddish recitation and teaching All things I ask. Although I understand that this is from me A too great desire, hope I think he will fulfill my request for good. And I pray that men should wear all day A candle the first year. The season should be written so that it is not forgotten. I also come to ask my husband and my partner that what I gave to him My hands should be mine - I've had enough of my life to the last strength, On no modes any money not spent and also on no pleasure. My whole Idea is to stare at livelihood and something to worry about in later yarns. I beg you again that everything I asked for should be done right, though This may be too much to ask, but I beg you, let me have it No answer. My love and faithful daughters, I beg you to live well, even though I know that I do not have to write this, you are favorable, but in any case, I have to say what I say, The mother obeyed what she had to obey. You must know, my dear daughters, that I have led you in Judaism and yours Men are like my sons. You should remind them that it will be time for the season to go down And to set light. This is my whole desire, something to alleviate. I know that my idioms are indecent Jews. I also demand of my children, That my candlesticks should not be prevented every Sabbath, from my point of view of blessing candles together On the same table, for a reminder = == - In the First World War In the First World: War Safo and serious 109 War and occupation years / Haim Rabnovich When the first eruption broke out in 1914 World War II, there are many derechiners Youth mobilized in the area Seer's army and were sent away immediately On dandy. Soon in the early days did This Tsarist army suffered great defeats and Took a retreat from the frontier at The first days of the war had Derechin Given the first sacrifice --- on dandy is Passover fell Dvoretsky, who had just returned Completed the Vilnius Teachers' Institute and Was known in Derechin as ig- Teligenter and Feiker Ingerman and Active revolutionary fighter. He has Not long before the wedding and over- Leaving his young wife a shoemaker. Their Son was a doctor in Ramtigen and Died, unfortunately, in 1963, The defeats of the Russian army are Came one after the other. The Germans Have looked ever gentler to ours Regions. Ui usually in difficult times pass Tsarist regime, have also this time the ag- Tysemitic rulers sought a hair's breadth In the Jews and they accused in pre- Counsel, espionage, etc., confusion, The then Commander-in-Chief of The Tsarist Army, Gikolai Gikolayevich, The uncle of Tsar Nicholas II, Was a sadist and enemy of Israel. He Has it issued the order that Jews Let along with the advancing army Abandon their houses and towns and Get in the way, deep in the race At first, Jews were expelled from All border towns, away from home Places and virtually with empty hands arrived In our areas, and then they are ge- Drive further, to the east. Not one City and town and a large part of villages Issued by the Acting Russian Army burned down. The Russians retreat We in Derechin then lived in Daily alarm. We did not know, Where we are in the world and what we are Have to do, When the Germans were already close to Our area, is Derechin day and night Was flooded with representative Russians Army, which ran in panic, too Opt without order and discipline, full with Fear of German hater. Our alarm in Grew with each new wave of the Fleeing Russians. The Cossack section- In the Russian army we have an- Done a lot of trouble. Virtually every house has its own Russian officers were stationed and Soldiers, Many of the Derechiner Jews have already Prepare horses and chariots to go with them To flee in case of a forced Deportation, or in the face of other dangers, What threatened us from the Russians Soldiers and military power-organs. I remember the last days before Ag- Coming from the Germans is with us at home A senior Russian staff member was appointed. Officer, a certain Kniaz Trubetskai, Ann Intelligent and cultural Christ. Gach- This as we got closer to him Familiar, we dared to ask him 110 One piece of advice - should we leave ours too Hometown swarms with the Russian Army. Our three children are still there Were small and we were literally In despair and unable to respond Close what to do. On each case we have Had already prepared a horse-and-cart for Eventual march no Russia. The appetizer Said clearly, looking up Our children, on our scared Faces, and said:, I advise you pre- Stay here, in your home. You will Larn go in egg with the infants Came such a chaotic flow and retreat from Our army. The Germans want you, civilians, No evil no you may kind Tip Your Friends And Nante ", We have indeed both done and immediately Managed all neighboring neighbors that they hall themselves Do not move from these places, With two days later, in the night- Hours, are already the last military Divisions of the Russian army ran Of dandy by Derechin. Same high Officer, the Knyaz, told us that We better not sleep in at night Our houses, which were in the Front-street. Where the march has taken place Retired soldiers, mostly agitated Cossacks. "She can cause you trouble" - The knee warned us, A. exclaims Paul shouting This is the last day before leaving Derechin Has a certain wild-eyed officer The Cossacks issued a bug that they All Jews should be expelled from the houses Men and they exhibit on market-flats, Lem Church. With nahikes in the hands The confused Cossacks ran from home To home and drove the men to Bash- Timed flats. So they drifted together All men and they left standing in fear A for hours, surrounded by Cossack Book Thirty Nobody knew what she was picking Do yourself a favor with us. Luckily is a group Women leave in silence to the Polish ghetto, Ba who was accommodated a Russian governor, and with tears and cries Tell him what the officer ordered To do with all men. The governor has Soon called to dismiss all men ahim, Such hours of alarm have me in Those days were not lived in, It was horrible last night. We were, together, around a hundred Souls, with women and infants, come Old Buxtever, who lived in A side street, behind Meir-shee de Fel- Deer. The men concentrated on A demanding room, the women and children We hid in a back room. D Night was awful. Of White Houses we have constantly heard dreadful Cries of violence. To us I cared All the crowd enters drunken soldiers Take away from everyone he has Wearing on himself, Baker better chair, Appropriate money, watches. In addition, Their wives raise such cries that The soldiers used to be frightened and ant- Run. Not many times have they not had themselves To occupy with shave - the German is Already been very close, Around 5 p.m., we noticed, wow The last groups of Cossacks flooded the houses With kerosene and pick up submerge das Shtetl. As we then became aware, That Rebekah Rachel's home finds itself a Cossack-Ottoman, a good man, have me Gathered a group of ten men and Secretly off to him. With tears in The eyes we told him, that the Cossacks prepare to burn all ours Houses Listen Learn. Our supplications are for him Worked and he said to us: "Go." Roik Aheim. I will be there until then Last soldier will be found away ".. Sefo Zarzain The Germans were already a few kilos- Meters from small town, and the Ottoman said Do not tolerate burning down the houses of Our town, we wanted him to- Wearing a gift, however, he refused Take from us what gives in. The Germans marched in 7 o'clock in the morning tore up the Last name Lem Church - and the German cavalry slowly invaded Shirt in Derechin. The last Cossacks are out A few minutes before the flight on theirs Nimble, After such a night of alarm issued several Older Jews appeared with a tentacle, sight- Dick the then German savior, who Have freed us from the wild Kazaku. All the houses and shops we have Left on HFCR, issued in latter Last night was dismayed. We have There virtually nothing added, not even Had who to eat this first morning, Immediately after the first German, raz- Vedke "have taken march whole Hawk with soldiers. This first tag have Already their order-maker displayed their Truth face. They have taken drive the Jews are clearing the streets of the mountains Dirt after the incumbent Russian Army, In small towns there were signs of a Cholera-epidemic. The Russian soldiers have Pulled out of the tights everything was They have found there. The dry, out- Worked leather have them looted, d Wet folly they arius dragged from The "chops" and slides over the Streets --- and this polluted the air And provoked illness. Because of the cholera-suspected in Derechin The German staff feared for their lives 11 To settle in town and have ig- Quartered in Halinke, Suddenly, a 3 or 4 days after occupying This Derechiner area, in of staff Arrived an order that the representatives of The Jewish community must report immediately To the staff in Halinke. An alarm is attack Everyone. There are rumors circulating that The Germans take Jewish "zalozhnikes" and Keep them as Arubnikes in custody. None Did not want to risk his life Until it was decided that they should settle Announce the following four person: the Former starling Shalom Mansky, deer Beckenstein, Faiewski, van Halinke et al Author of these lines, Chaim Rabbi- Navich,: Frightened, we arrived Hlinke and reported to the staff- Quarter. Picked us up an old man Mayor, named Fan-Wrangle with Nach Some staff-officers. There we have been Happened to 2 Christian representatives, the Count Tishkevich and another one. The community: representative Muc The old mayor soon told us that Clears that the Germans have held this Change and will remain so forever Homeowners. They need to have 6 representatives Who understand German and want to ref- Represent the six districts in which she Shared Derechin and her un- Area. Please wait for our response He said immediately in a cheeky manner: / I Determine all six of you as waiting, which Will be responsible for them to- Divided objects. You are set as Civil Administration official and vet Received a salary of 50 marks a month ". The apothecary soon prescribed ours 112 Names and addresses, and put away for He gave us a map of our area One showed the circus for which he Is responsible, the districts have around- Took villages and gutters, and every one Of us had this right to decide In his district soldiers and militia-lite. That is not how we were transformed In; zalozhnikes ", but in - wait, "Community Representative". We are free Geotemed and returned home no Not like prisoners, Take care of food Coming out is a favor from everyone Both for Yiddish Derechin and for Der Rustic environment. It turned out quite fast Manifested, that for various reasons Some of the villages around Derechin are Run with the tsarist army no Russia A Many fewer peasants than from other areas. Virtually every village has remained a perfect one Substantial number of peasants, who have preserved Their fields, as well as the gutters of the Fled neighbors, and were worried With a large number of tools to the work. The Jewish Waits have themselves disturbed the All the time of the war for the Idi- Share population in their township and Worried that she should, God forbid, not suffer No hunger. Some Derechiner Jews have Even taking work fields from the Departed peasants. Come the collaboration It is formed by the community representative. Become a reserve of grains and other prod Ducts for the requirements of the Chinese citizens, the Christian population In the villages was also happy, having Each one of the community representatives Chose the villages that are Him familiar were and peasants with which He was friends for many years. Moreover We have met through various com- Sepo Darzain Binaries establish peaceful relations Between the population and the Turkish power. Our permission has it Created a situation that, the wolf in full Was and the chefs remained perfect ". It is worth emphasizing that the Chin was one of the few areas that Have not fool yourself not starved, but also Do not even care about spaying others, Neighborhoods, areas, such as slanim and bara- Novich, who literally suffered from lack In food. From there is escape, adder Almost all Christians were expelled Population, because of its proximity to Dandy, As usual and understandable, are Also been difficult moments during The war-years. The German occupants have Not even appearing very despotic Character in relation to the population, But we must admit that we have Serious cases and complications not the- Gangen. Life in Derechin is more or less the same During the German occupation, Nar- Mal. Beyond the Far Sholem Mansky, in Whose diocese was divided Derechin with the villages on the way from us No same ,. Along with the column Sinaiske, is als saltis of Derechin itself Itche-Burl was appointed Chess- Lear, a capable and wise Jew. Also be Appointed a militia member Jewish guys, Secretary and Accountant of the IDI- Sheer community was the most well-known in Derechin, a religious Jew, R 'Yitzchak-Avraham Abelovich, a beloved, honorable man, With the permission of German military "Officer" Lieutenant Rhine in The magazine of Cereals and products. The Saltis Itche- Burl met with Secretary Abelovich Certain food items are distributed every two weeks. Book Thirty Narmes each family, loot the number of Its members, for perfectly low prices. The Jewish Ways of the Christian Ba- Circuses have received from, officials-pre- Tax "A special permit to provide In front of Derechiner food magazine even fish Of the lakes in their rural districts, And also this used to be distributed Derechiner population for accessible Prices. Some time after their arrival no Derechin the Germans opened a popular- School, with a German as director. As a teacher Local teachers were appointed and Some teachers, among them two of the Family Novik. Of course he did At school also taught the German Language, A Yiddish "idyll" The Military Officer " Lieutenant Rhine was an intelligent man Person with higher education. His secretary Was a German Jew. Both have themselves Attracted with understanding and sympathy To the derechin Jewish population. It is they, incidentally, comfortable and pleasant Seemed to stand in connection with the Jewish, more cultural environment, being with The resurrected Belarusian peasants have They could not find any match at all. Same language, I remember a case in year 1916, when the Well-known Bundist speaker and cultural Gatekeeper James Pat came to Derechin Fundraising for Culture: Purposes and Me Addressed "Official" With a request he should allow permission to convene A larger assembly, on which plate Should hold his speech. The German lieutenant I was just asked if the speaker will Refer to Yiddish or Hebrew, and 113 When he heard that Pat would ride Toys, he soon gave permission, Provided with A Local. And demanded m 'should Also invited him to the meeting. He Came up and settled down Of the meeting, at which he confirmed, That Pat is a good speaker. In general, the Jews held themselves Came their previous way of life, went In school prayers studied a page of Gemara, Tried weddings and alliances and to her Loaded known Germans. The trade is Even under a strict milieu Territorial surveillance, Derechin's roads To the larger shopping centers, like Bialis- Tok, for example, were full of Germans Patrols, which have strictly forbidden this Transport of various goods, however Jews gave themselves no advice. An acquaintance The trick was then often used: when A German patrol used to stop a car With Jewish merchants and "trip" goods, To revise and rummage in vogue He often met a lying Jew, With a bandaged head or abdomen. The Partner, the ostensible owner of the cart, used to Soon the German announced that he was leading a Typhoid fever - and it used to work The best device. The ditch is always Escape from such cart, murmuring sons , Donor Weather "A.D. GL, Jews have learned all sorts of com- Binations, and the smuggling went on. By the way, With the outbreak of epidemic-travel Have we on a considerable cake attracts op- Kept the German staff in Halinke, To keep him a little further from the Chin. Every time we, the community- Representatives, used to report to the staff, The old mayor used to ask us, why Sounds with the cholera epidemic, which We soon had an outbreak of the Russians Are away from Derechin. A longer time 114 Our answer was that there were still Here fall of cholera-sick, and this has Indeed, the Germans were very upset Banditism in the Welder Some time after the arrival of the Germans Occupants it turned out that in the Dense forests around Derechin are hidden Very much deserted from the Russian- Share armies engaged in un- Cases of peaceful citizens, of pre- Accompanying carriages they used to rob, And even murder. The German military Power was not able to find them out Knowing the Christian rural population Was afraid to let them out, she in Opt was forced even to worry The deserters and robbers with food, under The threat of violence and murder. Soon in the first time fell Two Derechiner Jews. Victims of the Predatory deserts. Two Jewish molars Are away on foot in a distant village; With Money to buy a horse. They are already Back not coming, all efforts from the German power, from the Jewish wits and Militia, search for the missing Jews Were left with nothing. I did Even their traces presents found. Also a Slonimer forest-merchant, who had Timber trades in the surrounding forests Chin, was killed along with His Jewish foreman while he was traveling With a large sum of money to pay off wages His forest workers, Because of the hostages in the surrounding forests We found the necessary shopping Ba the Germans, for their abandoned Derechin Larger weapons, including hand grenades And even a "fulmiot" in order to pre- After their resignation, they're done There was no power in the town. Book Thirty A privileged city Now, many years after the first German occupation, learned with the Horrible deeds of their second oku- Passion ,. May one have the impression that Derechin was then a privilege City, This is how we managed to get help The slonims burn after the great Fire of 1917, though Slonim heard To another area and it is strictly for- Bots were any commodity exchange Between our town and Slonim. We have Obviously felt ba the military power May we collect grain, Potatoes, various foods and this off- Carry no slings to aid the burnt, The Jews of Slonim are very grateful to us. Beer was and could not forget the help Of Derechin. With a few years later, When a fire broke out in us, Vienna of the Slonimer Church sent There were a few carriages with clothing and fro- Ducts, as well as a certain amount of money to help The victims. This is how the Jews went through the ordeal War-years. For the time being have certain Derechiner learned to work Fields, plots, sow. The Jewish population Also became accustomed to the German Order moderation and accuracy - Properties he has not seen and Heard in the time of tsarist lord- Shaft, This is all during the first world- War and German occupation were even Benefit the daily life of the Jewish population, but the true sons Of German accuracy and corganiza- Maturity ", the correct face of the German rule saw Jews and ge- Felt in the cruel years of the second World war, Book Thirty 15 In Jam of War / Queen Alper With the outbreak of the First World War War, in 1914, our town was destroyed. Die, wrapped in her grief. A trifle! They are still mobilized. Fathers of children, reservists who Were in service during the Russian Japanese War: Young sons of parents, and Even the current year of youth. Many families were left without theirs Foods. The Jewish Committee, which organized Try to help their families Fathers were on the front lines, himself said Intended to alleviate the distress and difficult situation Of the suffering families, but this is Was like a drop in the ocean. On howl I Remember, said the tsarist government, beyond This small salary that every soldier Received, generally not cared for The families of the mobilized. The Christian population is also on the rise. Was shaken by the eruption of the War: beyond the mobilization of the Work-able people also suffered greatly Living inventory and fields are Remained stone not cut. Understands that This was soon reflected in the livelihood Of the Jews in Shtetl. In such conditions was not who To think about sending children to study. Only The Talmud Torah behaved as it should And even included more disciples, the Full attention was applied To the front, from which they came continuously Bitter news. Everyone's thoughts are Busy with the relatives who are Been on the front or in the barracks. So went the months and the front Approached Derechin. I'm alive In fear and oppression because of the decrees Of the military power. It's clear, then The Germans will come to us too. M is Pray that one may survive this change Of the power: the Russians should resign Bloodshed among the civilian population Lerkering and the "good" Germans may shun Enter: After the last summer-days have come The terrible days, and still nights of fear and Insomnia, after hiding and so on Maybe, they were freed from the Russians and The Germans occupied the area. There is a transport garrison in the town. The horses are housed at the Crisis- Local local population. By Jews said Rooms were taken away and settled in It employs Germans of various forms. Ties. The economic situation is not good. To To travel from town to village or from village You must have a permit to enter the city. Niche. And here they began to take people On forced labor, to repair the chassis Who were ruined. Pays for Does the work a little, or with bread- Portions. Derechin finds himself in predicament of War and occupation, with all that Location contains within itself. Whole families, wives and children, leave Dig out into the fields to dig out a bit Potatoes that are not left out- Dig to prepare for winter With what ends. It was a sorrow too Look at the women and children, when she cares After a day of torment return to town With the mashed potatoes on the shoulders, Often barefoot in ascending rain. Of 8 August Is "sphere", may not appear in the street, 116 And gendarmes patrol and guard this Command. Even when someone had needed Leaving his house in the yard, where "Those were the conveniences," he said Take care of yourself, or explain yourself And ask at the patrols. Over time, the pressure of the Occupation-power became easier, but the First dates of the occupation with her Compulsive characters fit in well In memory of the Derechiner Jews. I remember Good luck school for the children of school- Age, which the military power has Posted shortly after occupying Derechin. This was a forced-labor school, run in Frisian art and style. Also to this were Jews became accustomed and willing to surrender In a school that has a more Jewish character And Jewish studies. Life has become a little easier when Instead of the military commandant is An official came. On all Jews He looked down from above. He did it Granted import and export permits Goods and foodstuffs and deprivation thereof Geek was the livelihood of the Derechiner Eden. What are you not used to! Little Wise have themselves been Jews, and now already also these Adolescents, who grew up in the Wartime, incised in pursuit of livelihood- Search. M passes over the villages, in the near Cities, he on trade and who on work, The occupation era is slowly approaching Her end. In Russia, the Reva- Lucia. Its echoes also reach to the German-occupied territories. The German Front Shakes himself. The surrounding forests are full of deserts And escaped prisoners of war. It's a Danger to travel on the roads, but who does People not for a living? Not looking at Some cases of murder on the roads, pass Jews over the villages, build houses, set Book Thirty On ovens, clothes and footwear go before The local peasants and bring a little Food no derechin. Merchants and shopkeeper Pass any Slonim and Volkovisk, bring Thence goods, But the young, who also go out Instead of their parents, do not bring with them Only goods and food --- they bring everything After a newspaper, a brochure. Just like Once upon a time, rural Jews used to get caught In a city beit midrash, catch "a holiness, This is how the young people get into it Locales of their organizations and received There material for the youth of Shtetl, The Pricey School In the first years of the war, until the Germans arrived, virtually none Not in the mood to worry about learning Of the children. The care for the men and Sons who were on the front, as well The day-to-day care for the livelihood of The abandoned families, has occupied the All the time and attention of the de- Richiner, for the most part. Same Location also prevailed in the former Months of German occupation. Derechin Was virtually isolated from the whole Surrounding area. The military power did Let yourself feel good. The material situation Was a difficult one. Except the Talmud: Torah Was not a school, Shortly after taking Derechin The occupants set up a school for The children in school age - A German School. The Germans dreamed that the Areas they occupied will remain Their also after the war. They are safe Were in victory. Have they decided to start With the Germanization of the occupier Area and with giving the population for- Search for German culture ", They did this on their own Manner. On a certain day a Sepo Darzain Command that all children from 6 to 13 be required Enroll in school. The organizer And the principal of the school was a Military Man, A Price. He had it in the middle Stick in hand introduced the German- Prussian discipline in school. There are Also not excluded any hit, when A child does not understand so quickly and Carry out what the director demanded. Teacher? Local girls and men, well- He could read and write a little German. One teacher was from outside Derechin - ASH Emiel. The Director He himself was a teacher in the "upper class". And his eye was open on all that Happened in every corner. And that the school is a forced-school, have The rooms, which are still there, are already open Exists, closed one after another 107 Chaya Mishkin, teacher A German school class with teacher Hayke Mishkin 118 Few families,. Of those who have Had the possibilities, were able to Allow to teach their children Hebrew By private teachers, like Pivil Einstein Lazier Tatz and the same AS Emiel, Who was a teacher in German School. Despite its pristine character is nonetheless The German school was, to a certain extent, A continuation of giving the Derechiner children General education, - the aspiration that has Had begun even in the early years Of present century. Sepo Darzain Ish Emmanuel, teacher in the German school In the Yoke of the German Occupation / Jacob Rabinowitz A candle for the souls of my father, brother and sister and their children And relatives, who perished in the Holocaust in the summer of 1952 In the month of Elul 1915 (September 1915), about a year After the outbreak of the First World War. Began The great retreat of the Russian armies from the Grodno region, Through Darzain whole regiments of Cossacks and artillery. The barracks were filled Wounded soldiers. The Jews in the town were In great fear of the following. Cossacks would erupt To homes and take from everything next door, mostly money. I remember that at that time there was a military parade in honor The Tsar's uncle, Nikolai Nikolaevich, apparently To encourage his spirit a little. The Grand Prince received The report standing on the porch of the pavilion At the end of the ceremony, my late mother approached him and invited him And his entourage for a cup of tea. He complied with her request and since then His soldiers did not dare enter our house for a robbery, At the end of the month of Elul, the Russian army left The town. On the night of the retreat there were many robberies, The residents locked themselves in their homes, but the Cossacks were Forcibly break inside. The Jews were helpless, The rioters also broke into our house. Suddenly she appeared Shmuel Stokelsky's wife, Vichna, accompanied Cossack officer. It turned out that she had bribed the officer And went with him from house to house to reassure the The inhabitants, and thanks to this there were no sacrifices in man. The next day the Germans entered. At first they thought That the Germans bring with them redemption to the Jews, but In the end came the bitter disappointment. They took out An order that all citizens, from the age of 9, must Come to the courtyard of the Protestant church and have your picture taken For the purpose of obtaining identification cards. Whoever will not be equipped The certificate could have been sent to forced labor, During the 3 years of German rule, from 1916 until 8, the economic situation in the town was very bad. The occupiers confiscated everything, from clothes, without Bottom and finish in copper pots. Shalom Mansky was elected They must serve as mayor (Bir- Germaster). Next to him acted a kind of citizens' committee Book Thirty (Citizens' Committee). From the role of the committee was Divide food portions by tickets. The population The Jew suffered from a state of malnutrition. Anything, Such as traveling to a nearby city, required a license Special on behalf of the German authorities. The Jews Most survived from smuggling and trade. There were buyers Secretly from the Germans and sold to peasants. All houses The Knesset in the town was occupied by the authorities, The Jews prayed in the minyanim in private homes. Babylon This was the situation of the Jewish population much more Good condition of the surrounding farmers. They needed to To the Jews who understood the language of the occupiers, Who went down to the farmers with a heavy hand, In the middle of 1916 the Germans issued an order That all Jewish children, from the age of 9, must Enroll in a German school. In fact only recorded Some of the children of the city. There were many parents who refused Deliver their children to a foreign school. The barber was a German officer named Puch-Zosnierz. Jakub Rabinowitz as a student in a German school 19 3 classes were taken. Place of study of the 2 classes The lowest was in the barracks building and the upper class (Faber Stufa ") in the former school of Aizikowitz ("Der Mikhuisker"). There were a few too Jewish teachers: a. ש. The late Amiel, Sima Ruby- Novsky from salons and more. The language of instruction was German. Textbooks were received from Germany. Discipline Was severe. The curriculum was enough Diverse. The official name of the school was: , City School The Jewish community to de- Some of the students studied in a different secret Noon Jewish Studies, After the October Revolution of 1917 in Russia it became The German occupation regime is more liberal. Almost A cultural association, Atid, was openly founded "(Yiddisher Cultural Union Future '), which has an impact Was a Bondai. The association was headed by the sons of Shalom Mansky, Menachem and David, and son of Ephraim- Joshua, Herschel Levitt. With the consent of the Germans oh Lecturers from Bialystok, like the activist, marched in the town The Bundai Yaakov Pat and more. At the same time the rumor of a statement reached the town Balfour, followed by the Histadrut Tze'irei Zion Led by the late David Alper. We, the children ah We were "splitting" to assemblies of the two streams, But carefully, so that the German director of the house- The book will not catch us in our spoilage. Sometimes There were debate evenings between the two streams. It seems Lee, who in those years had the hand of the Bundas- Yiddishists on the top and their impact on the youth Surpassed that of Tze'irei-Zion. The attitude of the German authorities towards the population improved And softened. I remember that some of the Jewish residents Cultivate the fields of farmers from the area who fled Fearing the Germans with the withdrawal of the Russian army. To town Many Jewish refugees arrived from quite a few districts. Kim, even from Warsaw, and they stayed to live in it for All the time of the occupation. The people of Darsein helped them a lot And some of them even stayed there permanently, 10 The Food Committees / Our town is located on a side Dirt, without a train and without a good highway. No Slonim or self had people needed themselves Tow with a cart-owner. The Germans entered the area. Qin, during World War I, dis- Disciplined in their manner, with a pre- Tick ​​plan how ever to, bring in ar- Denning. "They soon took to the Work, sanitary conditions, Built about and later even opened a Kindergarten, so that young people can learn German. They have taken the previous Russians Teacher and they prepared as German. D Occupiers knew full well what they wanted Reach out and have all the work done- Placed efficient ladder and leader. I myself was preparing to enter In the upper "stage" of the school, I knew a little German from before, I learned this from a Jew Textbook. Along with me have been then Learned many Derechiner youth. In the town itself a Committee that collected food products Of Derechin and surroundings. With approx There are many members of the German army Peasants from all neighboring villages ran No Russia, and it is in the villages geb- Love lots of food. This everything is collected By the Food Committee Which my father chose, Isaac-Abraham Abelovich. His task is Seemed to share the food-products the Population and carry the books. A daughter Of the Hurwich family, who knew German, helped my dad come along Bookkeeping, Book Thirty Matityahu (Mattel) Abelovich Work has the committee, and in particular My fathers, not lacking. Many men are Was mobilized in the Russian army And in the town their wives remained And children, part of them already widows and Orphans. In addition, there were older people- Chn and much unnecessary. My dad Has always done to ensure that the products Divide honestly and may, God forbid, Nobody misses a loaf of bread. Of Slonim often descended German up- See, to check if everything is worth it Conducted in order, I want to write about mine like this Father, who is the youngest of the world Away. I can not forget my childhood, When I was studying Gemara I R. David. On On Saturday afternoons he used to invite his fathers Of his disciples, they shall come to hear Their children. My dad was alone A. Id A. Learn. He used to listen to me, and When I was well aware of the flu, used to He is angry with me, come home and come with me The mothers tell me that And to this day the Passoverites are not forgotten Sederim came to us in the home. The father I used to sit upstairs and with mine Elder brother Samuel conduct middle order, with The Haggadah and with the singing. People care Come under the window yourself listen to The songs, which we, the little children, Used to help out the father and Samuel. On the eve of Yom Kippur, after composing, the Dad puts on the tlit and goes for a walk School enters call each of us separately and Bless with a warm, Jewish blessing. And the Friday-to-nights in our family Are to this day my fairest and brightest Memories. Book Thirty When Rabbi Plotkin took over The rabbinical chair in Derechin, he said Very friendly with my dads and always Reckoned with his opinion in community Matters, So did my father, while the German Occupation during World War I Honestly serves his church and cares for The poorer sections of our population. D War has, as we all remember for a long time Withdrew, later, after withdrawal from the Germans, the power has often come to us Changed, the Bolsheviks came A tavern for the needy In the days of the First World War, being Darzein Under German occupation, a kitchen was established for the needy Jews by H.; Amtsforshter ", which served as a source Representative of the civil government. It was a German dressed Uniform, with a thin stick in hand, faces straight You're also older than him, looking down and mocking Easy on everyone next in touch with him, he was, the spender And the bringer, "according to which the trade would be settled and he would determine who Will receive a license to export the farm crop and who to import Grocery from nearby cities. He knew all the residents of the city personally and knew The distress of part of the population, then proposed To the committee, a great charity "organized at his request (Repeat of openings and robbery is forbidden) Open a kitchen where the needy will get hot soup, if The Jewish residents will provide the facts: Brewery Paid and assisted by her, daughters landlords who They will come in turn every day to peel the vegetables, They will be provided by the landowners in a free environment Money. In an emergency a proposal means an order, and the kitchen Got up and became a fact. Every day groups would come Girls engage in vegetable preparations for the next day, He, too, the "Lord" in his honor, appears almost daily- Queen Alpr 121 After them - the Poles, later are again Arrived the Russians. When they entered no Derechin, they immediately mobilized the Youth. Some of the young people are gone Deep no Russia. The dad is already there Was a nephew, me, the younger children Were with the mothers. The elder Our brother was already at home then Yodel. He worked in Shelubsky Mill, we had through him an opportunity To buy wheat, purse it into mill and Sell ​​flour. This has supplied us with Those hard times with little livelihood. Day, enjoying seeing how the girls work, mocking For those whose hand is not trained in such work, poke The spoon cooked into the boiler and tasted from the stew, Remains sometimes even when dividing the dish into The pots, which every mother would bring with her for reception The dishes for the family. To the pavilion, along with the soup, received Also a portion of bread provided by the committee? The Jew. The kitchen is located in the house of Zelig Lebzowski, not far away From the old beit midrash. One day I was called to the Lord for his office. All Such a call would have been alarming, because the meeting With him and his look from above were unpleasant things And an internal uprising, which had to be suppressed So as not to erupt. What's the matter? Brotherhood From the immediate area brought vegetables. - Cabbage, Potatoes, beets and carrots for the kitchen, and leaves Take care and show the carter where to store them. And addressing the landlord, without introducing me to him Said: "Minor Alper will take care of arranging this." I got rid of them with a greeting of peace and a sense of relief, That this was the only purpose of the reading. If I remember correctly, the kitchen would have existed In the years 1916 --- 1917, 122 War: -Crazed / m Shortly after the outbreak of the first World War II by Derechin Mobili- Became reservists, among the also Those who have gone through the Russians Japanese War, The reservists were fathers of Families. Their families remained un The caterers, suffered greatly mat- Real, because the tsarist government has for They generally not worried. The Church has done For them what she could do. A certain evening came to us A woman whose husband was a soldier in Russo-Japanese War and is now again Mobilized and found himself on Front. After buying what she needed She spoke from her heart: Sepo Darzain That you do not know what they are. When underlining the Japanese- Russia's peace deal, are already under table Lay down the papers of the current ML- Hot ... y A second wife, whose husband is also Mobilized and sent to the Germans Front, complained of her bitterness Location. Sometimes she broke down over her words And asks: "Tell me, I beg you, do not." No resentment, strikes there on the War at night too? " "Certainly," she is told. "Oh, I'm complaining." She with her hands - I can still, Hs God forbid, take that one out without an eye! ".. For the Germans, part of the barracks served as a prison. At the end of During the occupation, the repaired part served as a meeting place for Sun. Personalities and actions Personalities Book Thirty David Alfou My brother David / Malka Alper As a child he excelled with Agility, wisdom and diligence. Beloved came All teachers, starting from teacher Md-Drdki to the Gemara-teacher and the teacher Of his general education, His teachers and teachers, who Lives in Derechin, used to come to him Looking for holidays or vacations, when he Used to come home. They have had much eg- Teres to chat with him, while he in Been always - in every era of his Life - more developed and known more Like Lot his age: he never did Not satisfied with the material which he Learned from his teacher, always did He sought opportunity through self-learning. Nen satiate his thirst to know. He had a great inclination to phil- Sophie and used to be much of his cargiver Time devote this philosophical study, and This at a very young age. Correct and tactical in relation to everyone, To adults and children, as well as to less- Turn intelligent from him, - that has him Beloved by all walks of life Population. He never locked himself in these The truths of his purpose, all wanted Others should know, starting from establishing "Lovers of the Past Language", Evening Courses for Hebrew Ish, Bible and Jewish History, by Schools Tarbut and Tze'irei-Zion --- Poalei-Zion. Unique was his way of getting there. Arouse the ambition of his sisters Self-development: easy and good-natured self Jokes at the expense of the woman and, burn- 125 Going as an example historical types of Women, he aroused in them the desire To fight for equality, for women- Right, do not turn away from him and seek meg- Lessons to learn and develop as Also to create yourself a profession. With himself he did not make jaw Compromises, all done perfectly, perfectly, with all Hearts, in particular, this was reflected In his work as a teacher and educator in Gymnasium; culture "in Pinsk, in the years 2 --- 1939, among them from 1931 as direct- Thor of the Gymnasium. Until it reached his hand fluff Tsur in 1941, shortly before the start of the Occupation. May his memory be blessed! 126 Our unforgettable Moreno The beginning was in the "room", in the traditional method Of "room," and precisely in the small, semi-dark room B. Hasidim-Stiebel ", in the poorest district of The town. The rest of the "minyan" who were late to sit In "Stiebel" after the morning prayer we were greeted in the morning When we came with the backpacks for school. They were Hurry to close their books and bury them In the old closets and would walk away to vacate We have the place. We, the babies of Beitirban, were in a hurry Grab the seats around the wide tables And begin to learn alphabetically from a teacher: The Dredky at the time, Leib Abelowitz. We quickly grasped the doctrine of koya and started Also understand the meaning of words and sentences. The good ones His son then moved to study with Fable Einstein Who was already an advanced teacher and taught us the Bible With Hebrew interpretation in Hebrew. Another year passed and then our parents started debating And arguing: what to do with us and how to give to us Education and teaching are full in the spirit of the new times 1 The parents were probably afraid that the day would not be far off. Dim will start looking for a place: Torah outside D. The mothers of the father-mother house and outside our town. Different opinions were voiced, but the opinion of My father and a handful of other parents, who demanded a home- A Hebrew book for their children. To the aid of a parenting circle These advanced came the late David Alper. David, the man of the wide horizons and the moving ideals- To the sea, was especially aware of the problem of generational education The young, from a young age to adolescents. You All his energy was then invested in the establishment of the Mo- Darny, the nationalist, who bestows and instills the love of the people And the country. He took on the role of brother- A mirror of the school principal and his supervisor, dealt with all Detail and detail small as large, brought young teachers And excellent and shared in the new educational institution as well From the best teaching staff in the place. Moreno in years They were: Zvi Merminski, Tiger, Sinai and more, Sepo Darzain / Lasha Ka-Bialostutsky They raised the level of education to a high level. The days and the Hebrew school in Darzain did not last long, Under David Alper's dedicated management, a reputation emerged In the whole environment. The studies were conducted on the purity of the Hebrew language. The revival of our ancient language was Integrated in the Zionist education given to us within the walls of the home- The book, and all thanks to David Alper and his family Which served as a Hebrew-national center as the cradle of the movement Zionist: A pioneer in the Darchen. Even now, after Decades and after everything that has happened to us over the years War and the Holocaust, we raise at every meeting and date Memories of those distant and precious years, when We sat together on the school bench The new, full of light, Torah and faith, and his heart sizzles Love and thanks to "Alperim", and especially to David And in his naivete rooted in our young hearts the Love of the homeland, the desire for aliyah and the kog- Let the resurrection of our people in his land. In those years we learned to respect and celebrate every holiday And national date. As a continuation of the Jewish tradition we celebrated In our snowy town, Rosh Hashanah for trees - Tu B'Shvat. We would go out, with the flag in front of us The blue-and-white, to the outside shrouded in frost - as if To plant and sow, and in our mouth the songs of the land, the song of the sack- Blooming ink. We knew that refreshments from fruit awaited us Palestine, and all this excited us and filled our hearts Love for the new life in our country. And how we knew then Celebrate Lag B'Omer! We also celebrated the end of the school year with celebrations, In performances of the dramatic circle established within the walls The school. And when we were called to participate in state holidays Poland, we were not ashamed to perform in front of a large audience And also present in the state language. This is how our studies continued until Uncle Alper passed To Pinsk. The close ties of his student body With their teacher and educator and with the home of his parents and sisters Did not stop even after that. Every holiday and date was Book Thirty Came to visit his family and we would do anything To meet him, even for a few moments. When Would return to his work in Pinsk, we would accompany him, From near or far, with feelings of respect and love for nothing 2 Over the years, his sisters also began to leave Their parents' house and immigrate to Israel. Thanks to them she won Even the elderly mother to reach the shores of the homeland and live In it. What I liked to control and find her bent Aligbi newspaper or Hebrew book, when it promotes The face of every member of the town and opens with memories of Darchin - and about the beloved son David. Beit Alper / Dad Rabinbia Do not describe public life, the movement Zionist-Pioneering and National Education Systems In particular, without emphasizing the role of the target And the guide who was in all of these to the same house on the street The market, which bordered the alley of the synagogue courtyard And where the Alper family lived. There was a wide wooden balcony at the entrance to Beit Hamar- Take of the Alper family, and on the wooden steps of This balcony was born of the Zionist-pioneering movement In our town for all its ramifications. The splendor of the family and the splendor of the town was her only son Of the family, David Alper. A member of the Stutzien yeshiva And rooted in Judaism, David was able to absorb And absorb the best of literary and gothic work Of the enlightened peoples of the world. It was full and crowded In Torah, science, literature and philosophy and all that he has learned And a year he knew how to deliver clearly to others. A speaker in grace Was and the whole city came to hear his words. In Vicho- Living with opponents has always been his hand on The top, and not nuts if I say, that David was from his shoulder And higher than all those around him, friends As rivals, friends as students. Its sharpness and proficiency The occasional amazon, but of all its features stood out Especially his activity in the field of education of the younger generation And his ability in establishing the organizational frameworks for youth The Zionist-Socialist, the pioneers, the activists of the foundation 12 Until the outbreak of World War II we were still hoping We all, along with the Alper family, see between us David, his wife Shoshana and his two children. Unfortunately The great David delayed the date and the hand of the oppressor She obtained it and stole from the family and the crowd of his students The happiness of the long-awaited meeting in our homeland. David was dear to all of us and dear today Remember in our hearts. To this day I see him in my imagination, In all his stature and beauty, with his graceful laughing-daughter, When he speaks to his disciples who swallow every word Coming out of his mouth and heart vibrating with love to your educator The great, the unforgettable. Existing to Israel and to anyone who was willing to lend a hand To the Zionist enterprise. His registration in public life The cultural nature of our town was felt in everything Made in these territories in Darzin and to this day there To see the heritage of the many and good people of our city The wonderful educator David Alper. David grew up in a Zionist home, and with him grew five His sisters. Four of them are with us in Israel, some of them Activity three to date in the field of education and fourth She's a pediatrician. Of the sisters, who were all devoted to the idea And in fact the class, especially Malka, who stood out In those years of the beginning of pioneering Zionism To David's day I will be in all that he has done, fundamentally Tze'irei Zion "and the youth association next to this party In the establishment of an organization of "Daughters of Zion", which encompassed Dozens of young women from our town, at the foundation of the library י. H. Brenner and all sorts of other activities in town. Beit Yalper served as a center for Zionist activity In particular. At the pharmacy the medicines were brewed and before The house and inside, in meetings with David and his sisters, All the plans of social action were concocted; Cultural-national in the town. There was almost none An hour from the hours of the day and evening, when no one was sitting At the Almers over a cup of tea and talked about Da and Ha and about something to be done. Some just came 128 To speak to their hearts and some wanted to hear from David advice And opinion and suggestion in one field or another. And when David went to Pinsk, to stand there At the head of the Hebrew Gymnasium and to work in the ranks of the Noa the Zionist, there were many of his companions and disciples Looking forward to the holiday and the date, to meet Their friend and teacher during his visits to the parents' home, I will not forget my meeting with David Alper either In 1932, when I came from Israel to visit Po- David Alper, our educator and principal David Alper came as a teacher to the Hebrew Gymnasium Pinsk is close to being founded. From the beginning let it be He has a senior status among the teaching staff there, for years Many, even before he was the actual director of the gymnasium, Was the living ghost in the institution. The roles he held Inside and out, share in education and culture enterprises, In addition to teaching and education, make him a character The main one in the gymnasium, and it was one of the gymnasiums The largest and best in the branching all-nation network Of "Culture" in Poland. First and foremost he proved himself as a teacher And educator. Was an artist in lesson management. Mention: The class Attentive with bated breath to the rate of embroidering From the mouth of the teacher. Announces to the majority his lesson in standing Or while taking a light walk between a table and a bench. Movements Exhausted restrained hands, and a multifaceted vivid look Beyond his permanent glasses, with a mustache black, Who came to hide a scar from childhood. Adds Whitney to cluster his handsome face. From his various professions at the beginning of his work, among them Accounting and Engineering, later moved to teaching Judaism And other humanities professions, and in these was its uniqueness. Today seems miraculous to the same intuition Educational and didactic, which gave him the methods Modern teaching. How he brought problems to me Grade, as low as high, how it violated the imagination The students and their encouragement to a fascinating argument, with in his hand a singer- The beat that beats the academic discussion and has the answer in its mouth The savior of the problem, of the desired literary-social matter. Book Thirty Lynn. We fell man on the neck and we had it A long and warm conversation. When we broke up, David said to me: ; Well, and now we will meet in Israel .. ". But David did not get to reach the homeland, that all He devoted his life and energy to it. And we did not get to see Here within us are the great sons of Dratzan, the The wonderful personality in whose light a generation grew up and was educated Pay in our town, ? Asher Shofet (Negba) The great discipline he gained in his classes and in everything His demands from students, there was a discipline of awe Respect. The nickname, "teacher-friend" was not appropriate for a relationship These, that if; a great father '", whose disciples stand Before him in awe and love. In his capacity at the institution was David Alper Ham- Very skinny and up to date in the lives of students to- Their letters. During the big break he would step back and forth And again along the length of the spacious gymnasium hall In the noise and crowds of the students, he would look Around him, remarks, sends a smile towards the bogey classes- Ruth and catches the river of laughter, which is returned to him In any case, and outside - activity towards the public The parents, the institutions and the authority, And even so - in those days, when the terms Counseling "and, individual therapy" were almost non-existent Well-known, David Alper knew how to devote thought and flair- Lut even for that. More than once a teenage boy found himself Wonders about the difficulties of concentration in learning, which came upon him Wondering about himself, about the biological changes, Suddenly - then he would find his way to D. Alper and there found on listening and good advice. He taught the boy to organize his time, to prevail On its dispersal by permanent sedum and recovery Awareness, invented a friend for him to prepare lessons "Moshe" Turnip; And in the next meeting the boy sat across from him With smiling smiles and lights, the whole thing cheers back To the track, We went out of the walls of the gymnasium, and the youth roared Sepo Darzain Young, filled the lines. The future of youth The Jew in Poland was most vague and the reaction There was - social and cultural internalization, with a look To Palestine, which the English had already plowed well- Well her gates. D. Alper faithfully maintained The connection with his outgoing students, was proud of them, And even wrote letters to him from a distance, and when they came At home, they met with him again in the field of Hebrew action In the city. In the meantime he was appointed director of the gymnasium after The late Avraham Mazor immigrated to Eretz Israel, He lived and worked in Israel with all the veins of his soul Whoever is not forgotten does not die / I heard these words from one of his students Of the late David Alper. In specialization with the memory of Our ascendant, Moshe Kol, a minister in Israel, said: No great human beings die, as long as they do not They have been forgotten from the hearts of their contemporaries. " And I know, feel it wholeheartedly and sure many Put like me, that I may forget David, you His kindness, upliftment, nobility and loyalty to the main - 129 And his heart. He raised his only son in the Hebrew language As a mother tongue. His disciples in Eretz-Israel, who came to my heart- Cold in Pinsk, did not forget to visit him. His students acted in Rob's main leaderships The movements in Poland and the ideological partitions were forgotten In his company. But he himself was on duty Educational to the end. And this was for him as Rabbi Nebo, From which he did not get to come to the land of his dreams and district Gegueiui "On Guard", December 25, 1961, on the 20th anniversary To the death of d. Alper). Naftali Ben-Dov (Daykhovsky) To revive his language and to pass on the legacy of our established people Resurrection, Was a friend of mine on the study bench at the yeshiva Push. I carry the memory of those days in my heart To this day. Warm and nurture within me like a male To a great bar of a people, whom all who know him will remember him forever, David, David, do not forget you, for you live in her sacrifice In our memory, in our soul, in everything that connects us with the past And a law in our town and with a bright future in Altsnoy 10 Rabbi Chaim Zvi Sinai-Miller The way of our father Hemda and Israel Artzi Our father, the late Rabbi Chaim Zvi Sinai, was immersed In his youth he was in the tent of Torah and was far from my life The act. The great event from the outside world, What affected him most, was the Dreyfus trial. The trial chef before him the Jewish problem in all Depth, and it came to an unshakable conclusion, That the only solution to the problem of the people of Israel is The Zionist solution. Since then the Zionist idea has been made To the center of his life. He was interested in all the discussions of The First Zionist Congresses. Of course his Zionism Was an integral part of his religious worldview, An entire Jew can be, to his deepest knowledge, Only that whose world is based on Torah and Mitzvot and Asher The commandment to settle in the Land of Israel is an integral part From him. To this view he remained faithful all his life: Only those who keep in their bodies the commandment to build the land - Fulfills its purpose. He was active with all his heart and soul for the funds Zionism and the thing of Zionism carried everywhere At the level before the public: in the paths of which in Lithuania, In Poltava which is in Ukraine and in Darchin which is in Lynn. These cities were stations in his way of life, after The outbreak of the First World War that displaced wholes As well as many of their seats. With the publication of The Balfour Declaration was carried on the waves of Zionist enthusiasm And his words about the beginning of Degula made souls of the idea The score at each and every site. In Darchin he set up a generation Of students loyal to the grade, whose influence rose Most of the land, Book Thirty His longing for Zion was expressed in his longing To the ground. As early as 1912 he purchased through, a company Training of the settlement "" Land in the village of Uriah, And in 1926 he immigrated to Israel with his family And settled in the village with eight other families. Needless to say Indicate the difficult conditions in which the settlers lived The pioneers in the heart of a hostile area, surrounded by Arabs, isolated In the Judean mountains from the centers of the settlement, he got over it The anguish of building the land in love and living them together With his late wife Bluma, who would have helped against him And the symbol of loyalty and complete devotion. Followed him (As expressed many times) Kabmadbar in the land Not an arm ", In 1929 the point was destroyed by the Arabs, And only the soul was saved thanks to the Arab Mukhtar The friend, who transferred them to his village and home in the dead of night And thence to the Rehovot colony. His ambition for building The country continued to fulfill with its settlement in Ramat Hasharon. In his new home he continued his way of life, Lou Remained faithful throughout his life: Torah, work and giving Graces. His love for nature, fasting and life, which he brought with him From his native village of Sinaiska, expressed In memoirs he wrote in Ramat Hasharon: Sepo Darzain 4 ... a fruit tree garden that in the winter months turned white, was For a carpet of flowers .. Lilac trees on clusters Their flowers gave off a pleasant scent. The auburn foal With the red fuse around his neck and the bell tied to it Tzahilhar to me ... everything around is lively, full of life And cheerfulness. "From this one must understand the source of abundance The love and toil he invested in cultivating the beautiful orchard. This source merged with a second source: love of country Israel. He had three loves, which were in consideration The triangular thread: love of the people, the country and culture Israel, centered on the religion of Israel, In Ramat Hasharon he taught the Bible and the Torah Light Radiating Figure / Rabbi Chaim Zvi Sinai-Miller was a man of virtue Donations, a figure that radiates an environment of light of friendship Truth, of love for the Torah, for the people, for man and for the land. A man of deep and complete faith, without contradiction Between his faith and his deeds, innocent with himself and with His God. A person who has sealed truth, and in his presence it is not possible The opposite. Generous and thoughtful, tolerant in his opinion Of others, During the time we lived in the company of R. Chaim The late Zvi, has only been teaching for a few years, but His character was an educator in the pleasantness of his demeanor, in the light His face, abundantly good-hearted. Scores from his youth went in fact, he acquired even before World War I Area of ​​village land Uriah in order to come to Israel and settle there, The war not only prevented the fulfillment of the aspiration, but She even shook him from his place of residence without being in Lithuania Across Russia, there is a taste of the Diaspora Double, as a war refugee and as a Jew without rights, Was not tempted by the false lights of the revolution Russian and not even to the unlimited possibilities Of America, where his brother was constantly called And his sister. Preferred over all this pioneering life in the country His ancestors,. His desire since his youth. I was privileged to welcome R. Chaim Zvi with his family When they arrived at Jaffa Beach on the eve of Passover 1926. What 131 For many, he was the chairman of the religious council, a member of the council Local for many years, founder and cultivator The fund for charitable giving, a member of the naming committee and more. He was active until the last half year of my life Until he recovered from his illness he no longer recovered, Withstood all the storms of homelessness and bereavement. We have seen him, as strong as the wind, pure in mind, humble and pure Secretly as openly, confident in the truth and opinion of others Not dependent, stepping for him special, bearing his embers Before and to prematurity and the guardian of the spark of God ", In the light of many days! Queen Alper We radiated joy and happiness, because he got up and had a dream His youth; Did not agree that the sailor should carry him on her back As was the custom in those days, from the boat to the mainland, but He wanted to walk in the water, to already feel the shore The homeland under his feet. He will rest on his shoulders " As it is written in Isaiah, he cried out to me from a distance, when he was married Still on the shoulders of the lady sailor. This pioneering spirit to her that lasted with him all these years Sat in the land, and are about thirty-six years soon, Starting from the village of Uriah in the Judean mountains and events Hasharon 1929, Derech Rishonot in Ramat Hasharon, on All the difficulties of interfering in work and creative life On earth. In every tree he grew he saw a child His cultivation, every house built in the colony made him happy True and every new settlement that came up on his land was R. Chaim Zvi had an event, which he lived in all its depth Of his Jewish-Zionist soul. And so he lived the building And the creation of the settlement in all its veryness, and above all These are the miracles of the resurrection of Israel in his land. Learn suffering And trouble, bereavement and sorrow carried his pains within Psychic wholeness and supreme innocence, as one of the ancient believers For this is the fate of man on earth, Bar Orin was, an interesting conversationalist, projecting Light and love in the words of his mouth on all who come in contact With him, During his sick days, not a word was heard from him 152 Hinted at his condition. About two weeks before he left us I visited him once more, was exhausted, and was noticeable His days are numbered. But his mind was clear on him, He was interested in what was going on among the people of our town, asked if we had read To the annual meeting in memory of the community that was destroyed, he ran Mori and Rabbi / Kalman Abramovia Three things were a candle to his feet in his role As a teacher, in which he invested all his energy, thought and part Bigger than his life: imparting knowledge to his students, imparting The Hebrew language and the root of love for the homeland, Each of these three elements led For one purpose: the thickening of the Diaspora and its immigration to Israel. In imparting knowledge to his students in the subjects he taught, In the Bible and literature, he deepened the plowing in every area And cornered, until he was convinced that his disciples had absorbed Into them his words and explanations and that was not in vain The lesson of the lesson, I remember one of his explanations in Saul's poem Tchernichovsky; I believe "in the younger generation Rehabilitation in the land: "For eye for eye will see light." And there was It is also the teacher's belief that the world will be whole Light, their sons will be pure in their thoughts And in their deeds, the love of one man for another will prevail in the world Then, when these are human ways, there will be light In a world where eye to eye will see light, though in approaching The eye near the light is unable to see. In these ways he wanted to lead his students, he recalled I'm again studying Bialik's poem; To the Bird, " Some longing and love instilled in us while memorizing The song, and we knew these were also his longings and aspirations: Who will give me an organ and I will fly to a land where it will fly The almond, the date ... All this was not in vain. Thanks to teacher Miller- A Chinese who we educated for the love of the homeland immigrated to Israel smoothly From his disciples, from those who were not late. So They also survived the Holocaust. His students came up with the language Hebrew is spoken by them. The teacher continued The dream of his life in Israel, in connection with the land. Yes Sepo Darzain To know what is the fate of the book of Darzein in our city and what is peace Who take care of him. Broken as an oak, buried in the soil of the State of Israel That in his imagination he saw her in his youth, and got to see In its resurrection and in the beginning of its development. He continued in the synagogue studying Torah and teaching it. Was active in all kinds of institutions for the benefit of all At his place of residence - Ramat Hasharon, May his memory be blessed! I was proud to call him ,, my uncles / Gustav Sharon (Johannesburg) My thoughts go back to that night before Thirty-three years, when I first arrived To the place that was then, Palestine "and I met for the first time The first with the aunt and uncle and with the rest of my sons The family. To this day I remember the strong impression And the deep that Ali the uncle made as the faithful representative of The old, Zionist settlement, the trays, the real builder Of Zion, who kept his faith in spite of disappointments, Failures and even disasters. The astonishing character of his husband The warm and passive heart, the Jew, sincere and good. When I returned to South Africa and published a review on it Short in the local Jewish newspaper. I know he had a reciprocal feeling On his part, and once also told me that he kept every letter That I sent him. I have a very oppressive feeling about That the exchange of letters on my part was done in a race The years are less frequent, due to the difficulties Me in expressing my thoughts in the Hebrew language, while Writing to him in English seems to me very much Foreign and strange, With his death the episode ended, however he just closed In one sense. The memories of him, I hope, will remain Always ethical - the memory of a polite person True, a good Jew from the old school, who Took part in the nation's brilliant achievements. Man That I was proud and happy to call him, "Uncle" S fr Thirteen La in the fairgrounds praises, Salons in the oil cakes. Praise be to the city of the outcasts In my songs, my name will be changed And because I endured and served, I blacked out a heartache - קִימוּלִשְׁמִיאַנְאטָה Zelwa is famous for its fairs, Slonim - with her cakes with poppy seeds Will you boast, kind of abandoned town, With my songs, when I'll be famous. And because he suffered and sang Spelled, smarts * with, heart ", Will a monument be erected for me? In the flourishing garden of my hometown. 133 Home to Lansky Hard childhood, hard life /? Yaakov Rabinovia I remember my life from school days The German. Even then we saw what is different from all of us And how much does it cost us. At a young age he started Read serious books in Hebrew and Russian; He He also painted and sculpted and played the violin. He learned to play the music From his neighbors, from the klezmers. He had a difficult childhood. In 1922 I was found Near him in Vilnius (Vilna), and after leaving Poland, Coupe from 1924 to 1933, was occasionally a runner We have letters from Russia. I remember in his letter the brother- Ron asked him to send him photos from the synagogue The largest in town, He recorded his life history briefly and sent in 4 from Leningrad to his friend the writer Avraham Karib. I was born in 1905 in Slonim, the city of Pelek Grodno. I have not yet learned to pronounce father-mother divorced My parents. They traveled to the big world. He - forward Russia, she --- to Austria. I was picked up by my elder (my father Avi) to his house in Darchen (a town near the town My homeland). His livelihood was on his buckets and grass. In addition to pumping and a brigade, on the nights of the harvest the guard was In the gardens. On weekdays we get up early. From saying "Incense" and ringing buckets stepped into the dark outside. Arabic prayed at home. Takes three steps Back and start, eighteen "re, to Get out by guiding duty. On Saturdays and holidays he loved Go before the box. Between Mincha and Maariv he liked The study of the Midrash. On Saturday evenings, after the Poor, passers-by would stay for a short time In front of our lighted window: R. Shlomo and his grandson are singing Singing. 134 My old woman was a good and wise woman. Never She heard her complain about her fate. And our lives were not Extremely sweet. The grandfather, though, pulled a dark yoke Until dark. But as is well known, the multiplicity of crafts is a sign of who- Wearing greetings. Cut back on eating and tuition For me removed at the time. I studied in the finest room In town. Most of the studies were the Bible that the teacher He knew how to like his students. Very rarely would my father appear later Some and leaves behind to our neighbors a topic of conversation For several months: the son of R. Shlomo Shoav The water rode on a strange machine with two wheels! And the children in the room were jealous of me for having such a father. In the early days of the war I saw my mother for the first time The first. - Where did she come from? She stayed a day and drove. - Where did she go? - Again a matter for the townspeople to answer Bo In the 12th year of my life I composed the first song. It grew on slightly cultivated land - no They are the teasing beads I would compose on my friends. For the following songs I found an attentive ear. It was My teacher at the German school, Sima Rubinowski She knew some Hebrew. I was once invited to a dormitory. I came to her and connected in my armpit .. after Reading the new songs gave me a full box Candy. Sweet was my first honorarium! This teacher gave me moves in the beer house- Germeister (referring to the house of S. Magsky - Y. R.4 A rich library was there in three languages ​​- In Hebrew, Jewish and Russian. All leisure time Mine I started spending time between books. The world of the book Did not push the feet of the game world. Among my children Our street has always been the head and first of all deeds Pranks. This is how my childhood went. In 1921 I was orphaned from old age and old age. I found Shelter in my aunt's house. The uncle took it upon himself to teach me His nanny - the shoemakers. I did not make a force In the craft. They gave up on me --- will not succeed. I'm traveling To Vilna, accepted as a student at the Fed- Gogi. His manager will suspect Guttman. I're negligent without- Thank you. I have his right! Of the manager and leave Me within the walls of the institution. I spend in a way Lithographic Literary File "Elect", around which is divided- Book of Zerzain Tim all the literary forces in the seminary. Going out Two booklets in 300 forms. Spring 1923 - The first love, my thefts The first (please forgive me heine you, my attraction " The number of his songs!). I send a hand in my mind The experience does not go well. I send my songs To Yaakov Cohen. His answer:; Shirich immature, learned and changed Lots and looked at nature. After three years you will ship Do I have examples from your poems? A letter is received from my father from the city of Baqa, summoning Me to him. I'm back in town, working new ones Some in the woods, amassing money for road expenses. In the head This year 1904 I was stealing the border. I was caught On Soviet territory. 2 months in quarantine Around Borisov. I'm being sent to Samara, Nat " Nim Certificate: The citizen is an anonymous citizen Soviet with all the rights and has no permission to leave From the city for two years. "I run away. In Tsaritsyn I'm changing my name. At the end of February in 4 I'm in Baku. Complete disappointment - my father already Had time to bury his second wife and carry the The third. Family frictions begin, relationship breaks down- Easy and going. I'm thickening the house. Live on Hebrew lessons and the new money I was given The Jewish Club for Stories and Poems (in Jewish) Called there in public once every two weeks. At the end The year 1925 I travel to Moscow. From there - to Lennig- Itching. Works in "Labor". In 1929 - married. In 1932 comes to me Letter from Israel. It says: My dear brother, do not be surprised I'm calling you; brother. "I have a right to that - If one gave birth to us ... - .. I saw in, this week "a song "Polonaise" with your name signed on it. I went to the system And hide my address from me. "That's how my sister found a daughter My mother shook her brother. I learned that my mother was in Kaunas. I wrote to her once and twice and was not answered. The context Between me and my father was completely cut off. He's working now As a chief engineer in some institution. Delivery by I'm not very important. I work as a worker From the second level in the house-: the factory, electro- Pribor ", earns 120 rubles a month ..? This is where Haim Lansky stopped writing history His life, Sepo Darzain Lans Ki in his town / / A small wooden house with a tiled roof. Lean In front of it to a hill which is at the edge of town. Behind him And to our right is a plot of land, a vegetable garden, sloping towards the past The stream, which flowed at the edge of town. In front of the house is a house The bath of the congregation which ascended was in flames Every few years. The reason - God has solutions. And these are the view that is revealed through the windows to the south And the west of the house was completely different: a stream Rattles and on the other side Ephraim are green in summer, in it The Christian inhabitants of the town, who are farmers, grazed The domestic animals: horses, cows and pigs. A wide door made of a worn wooden beard, wide A wooden threshold high on the outside and twice as high on the inside, Led to an intruder-corridor of the house, a kind of introduction Indoor which served as a kind of corridor. And from there To the house inside, which is divided as follows into years: 2 Small rooms furnished, brilliant in cleanliness, Whose furniture filled the entire space of the rooms, On its small windows are white curtains with flower pots Flowers. And these are the first half, with the entrance, sex A large kitchen that occupied half of the house, which Baking oven - as in all houses in the town, divides the The kitchen for years: in front as a kind of dining room to it Turns the mouth of the baking oven and behind it a cubicle in it A collapsible wooden bench and its window faces west. In this house. Looks shabby in front and shiny In his cleanliness inside, Chaim's old parents lived Lansky, R. Shlomo draws water with his wife and daughter In the ashes which came to a head. In this house I saw For the first time Jaimka, as his relatives called him And so are we children, when introduced to my older brother Zil and before by his father, who was to be Our teacher of Russian and French. Father of Haim, Mordechai Yankel, then appeared in his hometown In order to engage in teaching and support himself and his son Until - according to him - he can continue To learn; ⁇ Qualified⁇ for⁇ teaching⁇ as⁇,⁇ domashni⁇⁇ uzi- Tal ", private tutor, 135 Queen Alper There was no school in the Russian language in those days In the town, except for the school, the village "is founded by The church where the Christian children in the town and the The nearest Biba, and is the 3-year-old school Study. That is why the "homeowners" were happy for the arrival of Teacher. Although there were rooms / rooms for the stairs Variety, from dreadlocks to "repaired room" in it Learn the Bible, a legend with a Yiddish commentary, first Russian language, calligraphy and Russian spelling and even Account in Russian. Haim's father was a rank teacher Higher and willingly accepted as a teacher. In the summer we, my late brother and I, came to his house To study and in the winter he would come to our house. For We spent a year and a half in the town, his students. As it steals from our ears, the ears of children, from conversations Our parents divorced Mordechai Yankel, Avi Haim, from his wife. The child (on the furniture of the house) passed to him and behold They are at his parents' house, in his hometown which is also My town, A slender boy, about five years old, short A floor, with sorrowful eyes, which the sorrow of the world accumulated In them, they looked out of his dark face when I saw him For the first time in their home (and I then not by much size From him in years) when his father presented in Russian before us Before the first lesson. The boy was standing in front of his father on a country road and maybe even With a hint of fear and stumbling legs he approached us And in insecurity he held out his hand. The relationship between the father Our hearts were neither warm nor cool, one might say Who handed it over to his family who would take care of me And these members of the household treated him with great cordiality And even with extraordinary warmth. He called his aunt In her name, Bashka "Walla called his grandmother; mother" As his father and aunt called her. They talked to him Yiddish and his father - Russian, And "Zeide", the grandfather R. Shlomo the water pump, was Rotates walking all day across town and on his shoulder 136 Hassel on his buckets, was an honest Jew, a kosher Jew, Respected for the residents of the city; Rabbi Shlomo called him In addressing him. The water he would provide for my daughter The city was drawn from the spring that sprang not far away From his house by the creek, it was water for tea, water Their taste was a very evening for unboiled drinking. To the spring at the foot of the hill he would descend with Empty buckets and those of her owner would walk and buckets Full. It was the custom of Rabbi Shlomo to hum Katzi to himself Praying while walking or reading the Psalms. In winter, At the bottom of the universe is the creaking white snow cover Under the marching feet, one could hear fire- The third rebukes the creaking of his steps, which echo them Reached our ears through the double-glazed windows of his past Near the house. Vertically remembers a conversation between my late brother And our late father, when my brother told me that he was leaving in the morning Early to pray in the beit midrash with the first minyan He met Rabbi Shlomo whispering to himself chapters of Psalms Ask: - R. Shlomo, what time is it? (Meaning a few Times the old man had time to go through the book of Psalms) And the old man's answer was: The third! Not a man of things Was the old man, who by nature corrected, working hard to To provide for his family with dignity, More than once I would find Haim standing on The doorstep of the hallway, waiting for his passing grandfather Mo. The house is loaded with hazel, laughing at him with his laughter The gloomy, which would have slightly curved his mouth and those His sad eyes are off as they were. Interesting was the relationship between Avi Chaim, Mordechai Yankel, and between his mother: an attitude of respect for him on her part And love and attention on his part to her. Here he stands Outside, Gretzz in his hand and chopping wood to burn them on The stove for cooking. Cut, arranged in a pile, washed His hands and face, entered the house and here was the table set In front of him: a decent sour bowl of young beets On top, half a salted fish from the barrel is roasted on Hermetz, an omelet baked on a fire of toothpicks, a loaf Round black bread on the table, and the man husband Education, according to the concepts of that time, settles near The table, eats with appetite and tells his students - To my brother Zil and me - waiting for class, in Russian with The characteristic nasal sound which caused the nickname Book Thirty "Crow" in the mouths of the children - here I worked and toiled Somewhat, now I will feed my heart and I will deal with it In the Torah. I have seen a picture like this many times, And Haim walked in the doorway of the house and garlic Nothing warmed his heart enough to raise a daughter A cheerful laugh on his face; Not to drop her grandmother on His head as he rubs against her hand and holds his apron The wide one, which wrapped around her slender waist, was marching Following her in the living room or hallway, goes down You go to the vegetable garden, which she installed in the spring Towards sowing vegetables for home use, and the surplus For sale. On my mother's mission I was in the summer coming to His grandmother to buy from the first fruits of the vegetables (we learned 'at Mordechai Yankel in the afternoon, because my late brother studied In the morning, Talmud "with a special rabbi, who was invited By my late father in collaboration with several other owners- Houses) and I saw Jaimka walking after her For me the vegetable garden. I will never mention being reprimanded Picture, I remember a summer day from those days in the afternoon. The sky darkened and low heavy clouds covered The horizon, the air was charged with electricity and suffocation. Echoes Approaching thunders were heard. We got to class. The teacher Offers us to go out to Pervedor and in the doorway to look In the erupting storm. The teacher held the hand of his little son and my hand, because she was young I'm from my brother (reluctantly I followed him, because I was scared), And the four of us approached the threshold that had eyebrows inside Very, because the floor of the corridor was much lower From the street. But we stood and the lightning shone and dazzled Us and immediately after that thunder deafens and seems Was that world institutions are collapsing. It's horrible Us, the children, so much so that we recoiled in shouting Backwards, while the teacher burst out laughing from the bottom of his heart, Chaimka was especially frightened. He grabbed his father and his arms Entered the kitchen, put on a chair and began to reconcile And reassure him. The boy stood petrified with anxiety. So The father lowered his violin, which was hanging on the wall, And when he turned to us he said: - I like to pour out my soul Playing sometimes. And meanwhile Fort started With his fingers on the violin capillaries that made sounds Strange and funny. I will not forget the daughter of laughter Sepo Darzain Which appeared on Jaimka's pale lips, She did not spill on his face, that daughter of laughter Which even in ordinary situations distorted only the His lips, and his eyes - the sorrow of the world in a hurry In the winter the teacher would come to our home for a lesson, In our free time after class with us, if it was Last that day, he used to stay and roll Conversation with my late father, refer to the Russian newspaper or Handle all kinds of devices or accessories which are We bled into his hands. He used to disassemble them and try to attach them Again - without success. My ambition --- would say - She is studying mechanical engineering ... His father left Darzain and Haim stayed at his parents' house The old men. Other teachers came to our town, the memories On Mordechai Yankel by his nickname, the crow "Nietzsche Years have passed. And here is the First World War. The army The Russian withdrew and we were under German rule. The days Autumn days 1915. Despite the joy of resigning Afraid of the Cossacks and the warm welcome they received The captives of the town to the "good Germans", closed The town takes care of tomorrow: Saturday the craft, The shops are empty, the farmers are sorry for them Get out of the village. The authorities are registering the The stock of grains and the produce of the village. Many of the local farmers, who were vehicles In their possession, they moved at the time and spread before the retreating army Or in his wake and those who remained in their village are not Magi- With the city. Winter is imminent. Extensive fields Of abandoned potatoes from their owners are spread out In the environment. The town's Jews raided the fields to dig With their own hands the Tafa'a from the ground prepare inventory For winter, as long as sunny days stand. Among these Who went out into the fields were Chaim'ka with his aunt Bashka. And he was then only about ten years old. The old man, R. Shlomo, also left Several days. But overcame the pressure of the daughter And the grandson to stay home and they will take care of inventory. And number Twice a day Chaimka was seen returning from the field And carries on his young back in the sack the precious commodity And weighs more than the power of a boy at that age. And so Day after day, until the disturbing autumn rain comes The occupation authorities announced the recruitment of workers For repairing roads and highways. The salary --- bread, coffee For several drinks and snacks. Among the settlers morning 137 Morning at the market, in the center of town in front of our house, too Aunt Bashka and Chaim'ka. His head is wrapped in scarves Sleep to protect from the cold. No shoes on his feet According to his size, different rags protrude from them Who came to protect from the cold and fill the empty space Between the shoe and the foot. At the beginning of 1916, the occupation authorities opened A school for ages 6--14, who were required to visit it And learn German. The manager - a German in an officer's uniform, Which immediately instituted Prussian discipline. Books Provided by the authorities. Content - Patriotism Ger- Stock. Local teachers must fill Strictly follow the instructions. Jewish studies are allowed For students to learn and teachers to parent only during class Afternoon. ' For every minor offense of a student - a penalty. Among the visitors to the school also lives. Pale, skinny With the complexion of a child who does not eat to satiety, was Came to school every day. He had talents, but For some reason the officer, who was Figs in all sorts of excuses to him (about these things Suffering from the teachers who came from our house). Is because His exterior that was not very attractive, or because Who was not nimble enough to dodge As children, a sea brother - on him you fell more than anything Another student was furious with the principal. And he - silent The school lasted throughout the years of occupation. In early 1918, when the regime loosened The severe of the occupation, inherited in the power of the government The so-called civilian, dressed as an officer, resume in the Mac- Light up the social life in the town: open the Ria, organize evening classes for Bible study and His- Israeli Tory, to convene a Zionist assembly, to establish Youth movement and the like. One of these days she came to our house in Ashka, Haim's aunt, and addressed me with these words: - I came to ask you to teach Haim'ka Ab- Rith. His father Mordechai Yankel taught you Russian, and you Do this, to Mediyahu Hebrew, because his soul longed to know. Hiring a paid teacher is out of the question. When he grows up Haim'ka and be to a man, will pay you as your reward. I did not refuse. I started teaching him language and literature, And indeed his diligence was marvelous. It was a secret 138 Swallows everything he hears. Any book in Hebrew that is given Next to it he would swallow in a short time. Where did you purchase the His knowledge of Hebrew until they meet with me - I will not know Exactly. I guess I visited the room "and his will" Goat to know is who marched forward, Silent, closed, speaking in a low, almost indistinct voice Sounds, giggles sometimes, but her laughing daughter I remembered from his childhood, but a hint was added to it Of sarcasm. The boy amazed us all with his special sense of language Hebrew. He willingly wrote in a concentrated conciseness that he Here's the topic. I was filled with a way of life towards him on The structure of the sentence, for the right word in the right place And his mental maturity. More than once I left Abu- His religion is written for a day or two by me, in order to show it To older people than me who also surpassed me in knowing you The tongue. And we were all amazed at him. As is the custom of every teacher " Young (and I am then far from being a certified teacher) For a moment the desire arises to "correct" the wording. But immediately you felt that his surpassed yours, me Do not replace and do not omit any tag from what it is Wrote. And when you praised him - as if he did not The thing impresses on him, even a nod of the eyelid. A The years 19-19-19 were turbulent years for us, In our environment in general and in our town in particular: Nit, on the other hand, has renewed its activities. A youth movement was founded. I will not mention Haim Bin These. Public meetings were held, sharp debates in the house The midrash on the subject: who, what stream will be in the town The one who controls the "joint" money that started in the days Are they in support of the Jews, the Zionists or the Bund? These meetings were attended by adults and youth from Magi- To different sea both as listeners and as arguing, but I will not mention Haim among these. Ar In the fall of 1919 I wandered from my home. I would go back in my day The summer off from school, the town was told that his father Book Thirty Of life studying at a university in Russia. And life, What! Those who have met will surely tell about this Him in those days out of the drachian in his deliberations and wanderings, The last time I saw him was up close in the summer of 1923 (If you will not load my memory), there were days off from Limo- Dim, and I am at my parents' house and with me also my late brother, One day Sir came to us to take a blessing The parting from us, especially from my brother, with whom he used to behave Conversate more freely than with me. Same life as Which is etched in my memory from his childhood from the following meetings, - I'm going to Dad, I'll move to him without a permit Entrance. Dad is sitting in Baku, in the Caucasus, working As a mining engineer. Maybe I'll be able to study there too. Say,. There are huge options for those who want Acquire education, And it is a number that sets out without a charge, since ; And stole "the border, but the violin which he left His father will take with him a white suit, And went, after a while a news was received that he had been arrested At the border by the Russians, he was detained until Found his father who had collected for his house. In 1925 I immigrated to Israel. I have not heard of him Except in the early 1930s when I had the opportunity Another time at my parents' house. So her aunt told me Received a letter from him in which he gladly informs her That he writes songs and publishes them and here he sends She has two attached forms from his poems, one intended La, to Auntie, and the other to our family. He knows that It will be difficult for her to understand, she says, and so he is Advises her to contact someone from our family and they will translate And explain to her, Until September 1933, the day I left Drzein, no The booklets have arrived When he returned to Israel, the Sheerin collection appeared in 1939 Published by Davar. " And here before the great collection of songs, the surprises - The demand for peace from a town and my students, across a river I went "! ("Davar" - Supplement to Literature and Art, September 16, 1960) Book Thirty A poem he in In the remarkable ploy of Hebrew writers in the Soviet Union Undoubtedly occupies the most honorable place Poet Chaim Lensky. In the second half of the year 1908 No Israeli has received any information that Lensky was arrested in Leningrad And sent to a concentration camp On five years. But also at the time of His arrest and deportation are not expected. Silenced the poet's delicate way. His singing broke through prison walls And borders and has blackened itself from Siberia No Land of Israel. The writer of these Lines started a short time ago Happened to one, who was arrested Became in Leningrad along with Lenskin. He told me that Lensky was indeed Suspended "the five-year sentence and said Released. When it broke out the Russo-Nazi war in 1941, itself Lensky voluntarily offered up in the Russian Army, however, was liberated from service Because of his deteriorating health condition. What Was the fate of the poet later, We do not know, There are a few living in Israel today People who were in his time, in Russia- Land, was nearby with Lenskin Touch. Of their stories memories And impressions are possible to construct The figure of the poet and of his fer- Sensual life, and this image harmonizes his Poetry. He was a man of many Its sympathetic properties, highly palpable And extremely talented. He loved and Could play on mandolin and pipe, As well as drawing representations and landscapes, Fine 139 // Yehoshua Gilboa Physically he was always weak and Lived in distress and hardship. Be a friend Of Leningrad years told that he did Virtually never changed the clothes, in Which he arrived from Lithuania, however Almost every day involved A new book in the poetry-commissioner In Leningrad, Lensky said Worked in a metallurgical plant. D Hard work has subdued his forces, But he specialized and became A good locksmith. But he fell ill On tuberculosis and because of this released Discharged from military service. Later he Fell in love, got married and became a Father of a son. Something of the poet's life story Until the Leningrad era we are familiar with From an Autobiographical Letter from Lenskin To the poet and critic Abraham Kryu- Ruchka (Karib): Born in 1905 in Slonim, Gradner Government. Haim's parents responded Before the child could express himself "Parent-mother." This child took to himself His grandfather R 'Shlomo - a woodcutter, a Water-carrier and a garden-guard in Derechin. Being 12 years old has life Tried to write the first song, and Even then, a lust dominated him To read. At the time of the First World War, when his territory was occupied by The German, he learned the German language and in later years Was he immersed in his poetry, In 1921, the grandfather died alive Learn shoemaking from an uncle, however Was not successful. In 1923 he tried 10 To commit suicide of great proportions- Plung. Rosh Hashanah 1904, after he had Received a letter from his father, from Baku, He blackmailed the Soviets Border. He was detained, however Released quickly. In Baku he said himself Excluded from Hebrew lessons and Of honorarium for songs and stories In the Yiddish language. At the end of 1925 he left Over any Moscow, and from there Qin Leningrad. Only then did he grow up Poetic power and precisely in the heb- Rhetorical language. To the childhood landscapes and childhood Lensky's experiences were perfect Life continued. His poem "Lithuania" is a praise- Singing to those distant times and distant places, Simplicity and simplicity alike are the Features of Elite ". Real stories And day-to-day deeds are told Graceful and with warmth like a legend. The Poem Elite "makes it clear to us that The figure of Chaim Lenski's grandfather is before This poet was the personification of Jewish-human perfection, because in him Was embodied a synthesis of physical Power and spiritual nobility. He said himself Grown with his grandfather. He did not have Esau's virtues, "but he possessed ; Strong muscles under the tefillin-of-hand ?; He could compare himself to him as Bel-Tefila "and whoever else he knew Swim and dive into the water with the eight- Year old grandson? With epic calmness lived The poet lines up in a line and weaves His song about Kabbalat-Shabbat, candle-blessing, Shabbat- Foods and songs. But the epic conclusion- Some stories cannot hide this Poets' uproar. These verses feel unmistakable Rest the reader, but at the same time they wake up deep Excited feelings. A rich play of colors, Playful expressions and elegant tenors Bond with one another. The poem Ends with Christian jokes too Sepo Darzain Security in the day of redemption -; Come to Zion Savior. " Despite the difficult trials that the poet Stood out, dominating in his songs The optimism. The joy of life came from Poet did not return even in agony- Full days of arrest and deportation. Afterwards: I discovered the bitterness with You have a sharp, juicy smell, "she said The, "North of the World", who even in His cruelty he revealed to him Genesis pictures. Said the poet Business pearls also from the muddy-sad Waters of his life. He had satisfied his Eyes with gorgeous natural revelations Also in land of his exile-descent He listened to the whisper of the Fish in river, to song of birds, to Conversation among the tree-branches. In Marinsk From Siberia, in 1935, the poet asks himself Even a tragic question: should he Hang his fiddle on a north verb. Because that has something to do with Hebrew A song in this strange wilderness! But the poet answers himself: No; Even if he does not know what is in store for him Fate hid in the heart of Siberia, In the purity of her snow "will He does not stop singing, he wears it all the time Singing from above "... How we stand out for Lensky's Generous attitude in country of his Anguish, this is how we stand angrily His stubborn devotion to Hebrew Language in the hostile to her climate. Poetic talent and love for Hebrew Were bound and bound in his Person. What Lensky had left behind Inherited the Hebrew literature is Adequate evidence on what the people Lost due to crash Russian identity of his living body, (People and Zion ". No. 13) Book Thirty Friends of the Sand Mani Score? The soul of a friend and know From childhood and the limousine bench. Several years before his death in the Siberian steppe His name will be published in the country as a great poet, one of The few sang their mournful song in Hebrew In the land of the Soviets, where our language was confessed and confiscated The old and the regenerating. And who prophesied then. Years ago, In our city, because this dreamy guy is hanging out In its streets will he rise and be one of the poets of our generation? I did not know his father and mother, but also Haim himself He barely remembered them. His father went to Moscow when Haim his son was 3 or 4 years old, and Haim has been growing up at home ever since His grandfather, R. Shlomo draws water. His grandfather was A simple and honest man, he knew the Book of Psalms by heart When he was carrying the water basket on his back, they did not stop His lips mumble Psalms. In the house of a Jew This innocent grew up living from his childhood. The house was plucked Matte to fall, covered with a roof of hay hidden to excess The houses of the alley of the bathhouse, near the spring of water (, d Spring ". I sat with Chaim on the school bench. Only after years did we all realize what was different Of all the children around him. He was silent, dreamy And thinker of thoughts. He was mostly focused and sad The carefree children, living under the wings of their parents, And life had no parents. So we did not understand him And no one was found to encourage him. As many understand The children were also nicknamed by his friends - We called him the Crow Brothers. In the fabric His religion sought him a home and shelter and sometimes he would hang out In our house for whole days, he would come to our brother Studies and stays for lunch and dinner. I remember being after a violin. Did not study though Once to play, but he is gifted with good hearing, attracted After playing the violin and especially liked to listen to the holidays Sad and for the prayer of Ontana validity "of the cantor in the days The terrible ones. Since he lived close to the "klezmer" Of our city, would have come to them in his referral hours Home / 141 David Rabinowitz And listens to their violin leaves. Sometimes there was The violinist asks the violinist to play the violin And he would play, without knowing the notes and rules of fingering, To this day I remember how he started playing From "Hatikva" and moved on to mournful songs, Shiri-Yam Shui Nim. For a long time he dreamed of his own violin And when it became clear to him that he would not get what he wanted, he decided Build him a violin with his own hands. Would sit with us In the afternoon and carves his violin parts When he finished his work, he had a kind of tool in his hands. Primitive music, from which he was a producer Sounds very melancholy, but hard to describe The happiness of life in those days, He did not excel in his studies, and especially did not like them He had to study arithmetic, but worked hard on the paws Hebrew and writer was songs, without showing them To someone for an opinion. His most devoted friend Jacob was my brother, and from his mouth I heard of his longing To his father, to whom he was attracted from his childhood until he grew up At Grandpa's. He would talk about his father out of jealousy To each of us, the sons of father and mother. Was Constantly dreaming of the ways in which he will come in the day From the days to his father in the distance. In 1922 he left Dracian, went to Vilnius and was accepted As a student at the Hebrew Teachers' Seminary. Money for a living He was not often hungry for bread. In condition Such I met him in Vilna in 1923. He told To me, how he earns pennies, in renting out the Himself as; tenth to the minyan "in the suburbs of the city of Vilnius, In that sad and depressing meeting I heard from my mouth, Because he fell in love with one of the seminaries, a city girl Living rooms, beautiful young woman, full of life and adorned with cities- Zim for the most part. Haim did not even dare to discover before her the His heart. In those days he wrote many love songs, Who secretly devoted himself to his beloved. His rebellious life, his loneliness in the big city, his love Disappointed - all of these exhausted his power and loosened His health. For a long time we suffered and suffered, until he completed With his disappointment in love and saw it as another failure 182 To his many failures in life. After a while I came back Home and there I received from him a letter, in which he informed Lee for his decision to cross the Polgi-Dossi border And reach out to his father. Then we learned that at night Apple slipped and crossed the line under a meter of bullets Near Stolpetzi and finally arrived in the country where his father lived To which he longed from his childhood. Sepo Darzain Next to his father he found no peace of mind, as he had dreamed And hoped. His bitter fate haunted him there as well. Worked In arduous jobs in factories and in leisure time Songwriter - in Hebrew. Managed to call Bialik and transfer some of his songs to Israel, and then only Revealed to us and many as a gifted poet. In years Stalin's terror was exiled to Siberia and in one From the slavery camps the poet's friends died in solitude The Hebrew in the Soviet Diaspora, Chaim Lansky. And again he was bitterly disappointed. The meeting between The son and father were not encouraging at all. Also The Hometown in Chaim Lenski's Poetry / Abraham Karib Where does her tenderness come from? The triple fodder, grass green at one end and snow-white at times with blood- Redness, meanwhile, permeates Lenski's songs through the three main stations of His life-threatening endeavors (until he disappears from the horizon): Lithuania --- Leningrad - Siberia. They were three areas in his poetry, centered around three hearsings, Other one of second --- a melody of an umetic, tender prayer, a melody of A bitter, angry resistance and a melody of a quiet, youthful murmur The first center, whose fountains have not ceased to water his heart And Song, was his far-flung town, from which he derived his business Warmest memories and to which he expressed his love and tenderness, His mercy and his longing. Very many poets and writers, workers and thinkers, have He turned his back on the Jewish town in the last years of his life, but lived Lensky, the son of that town from which he had fled so far, said Always remember and think about him with love and warmth, with grace and prayer In hearts. On the other side of the vast cloudy horizon, his town played On the noblest strings of his heart. In the dense verses about his hometown A tear trembles in every line, a tear of nostalgia, pity and love. The most tender Feelings flow in his poetry about that modest angle and those modest People who gave him their grace in his early years, + A double umet weeps out of the lines: The last bucket of barrels drained, The last birds of the garden swept away; Desert is the home and is sunk in umet And he that departeth shall not return. Book Thirteen 13 The wanderer will not return, he has not left now Turn back. The barn is empty, the house is destroyed, the nest is destroyed And the surviving colleagues and brothers endured vicious winds in all corners of the globe. Even in those years, long before the bitter end of his hometown, Lensky sent this The author of these lines wrote his song, 'Ira Guss Seth' (/ A Shtetl Guss') and also wrote Added a few words: this is my Kaddish after my ghost town, probably You will answer Amen after Kaddish. "Fifteen years before the destruction of his hometown, The faithful son sent a kind of Kaddish from Leningrad to Moscow. A few years later, he also placed a poetic tombstone on the town that Was he so dear --- this is his poem, Lithuania ". The poem is a journey back in time to the years gone by It can never change in the hidden corners forever and ever. Of his soul. The playful poet celebrates this in playful verses and rhymes Holiday of his return to the vicinity of his childhood, to the honorable Cabin of the one who raised him from childhood on. No parents' home Lensky has not had one since his youngest years without and this abandoned child has grown On the knee of grandfather, who drew his prnsa from his ax and buckets + potato-- Lensky recounts in one of his poems - were in his grandfather's house A "royal delicacy". And to such a difficult childhood it attracts the post that He calls her, "my morning-bagled childhood"! One can understand this by reading the poem "Lithuania", in which he describes his grandfather With rich colors. The old grandfather is no more a knight than a woodcutter and a water-carrier In a small town, it drags the yoke from dark to dark, and it's Ocean time. Also a night watchman in the garden, - but he is full of hearty joy of life and With juices of ancient tradition, a wonderful harmony fills his whole being. The grandfather has open senses, is closely connected with nature, it sprouts from him the Dew of humor, he is beloved and loves everyone and knows the taste of his life He is a pious Jew, everything in him prays and sings - a Jew of popular poverty And popular-aristocracy. From him the child inherited many soul qualities, which are not Exhausted even in the wobbly years abroad. Shine from the Sabbath Shechinahs in the old home accompanied him on weekdays throughout the cities and About; Memories of those years made his bitterness lighter, sweeter and warmer Days and nights in cold exile. It turns out that poverty does not have to form all around. Poverty can also be Royal. Presence of the poor kingdom, with its hidden crown on its head, is life Lensky left to wander abroad and kept in his heart a hot love to be Poorer-richer childhood. He never hid his "genealogy scroll" and did Sang the song of a water-carrier's grandson. In the house of the poem A Not a hot line, not a vernacular Coming out of the hotel wall -, An old man tickled my cheek. To suffer more It was difficult. Dependent And in a growl I awoke I opened my eyes and shone - יכ כָּ, יְלִי, עוּד, אֹסוּתָא! י - Grandpa, you are it, you are! - , Island, quiet, nothing I knew I am this and not another. Well, get up, Naiman, do not be late How many hours a year, up to Anna 1 You do not have the shame of the face, An eight-year-old boy " B ;; Okuma, grandfather, but you know A hot dream so terrible! - You're like that, drumming ... You've already died I'm a guy, until the incident. And more and more ... Grandpa, what will you say 1 "- Helma Taba, Yee, Heath You will grow up, I will die, It's all clear, the rest is nonsense ... Get up, get up, do not cover the vanities " , Thanks to me, yawn, shrouded; Yad Sharul and I are dressed, We left the hayloft. Another gloom reigned in Baghdad And a similarity that is not from here. C We walked among the apple trees Insect beneath us is the sand path Insect parked in the sand path. Silence. Suddenly the youth of the spirit, The pale from a space that is played as a field A Torah that was stripped The shroud of Moses and his garment, Book of Zerzain Lithuanian) / Chaim Lansky And as a pin on the night of a crimson The steam in the game stripes a cloud ; קְריָא-קְרִי-יִקְרִי! "- The speech of the man, , Shacharit, Shachariti season two, , Pair, detail, pair ... Y. Mona Zakni, , Pair, detail .. "'More reading from beyond The hill. , Pair "- means life A clear day will be from everywhere. D We went further for some time. Until That I finally took a short breath. - Three steps, just one step - The grandfather goes, I land. Here we have already reached the egg Lonely standing at the edge of the garden is, Five steps, maybe six too From the vow. Turn to bed On his plate, he pulled out a key Shrikik and the flea puff. We came out of the garden. The meadow A new world is revealed, deceptive Bar Fields: Cereal And in the wilderness I bought a quiet blessing. E At the shore of the shore the shrouds screamed, "Geegee," replied Baru Spirits whispered in the meadow; Hess ... shhh .. whisper dreaded, thin on thin. We quickly spread out, on the stone Spread the mat from the mat Pack the clothes in trouble, Tap Ler on ..., Marsh, Marsh Liori Pushing like the light of day the water. Drizzle each soft brain wave. What's easy. I stayed on the beach. In the meantime The grandfather took a whip away from the lake. Suddenly he was immersed and disappeared. Book Thirty F Ai, ai! They pull me to his feet Bulibul ... in the waters, in the abyss. I'm drowning. But a son of a moment I had a wind and a salvation. The same hand that imprinted us This is the hand that saved me The grandfather is happy to - Get a rape or voluntarily. We both swim together. Hands clasped around the palm - It is possible to trust. Just in vain I'm afraid of being inside. Thank God; Here's the beach! Moist sand to puff, air to inhale. 1 , אי, תַּרְנְגֹל בֶן תַּרְנְגֹלֶת, The hay will not be ashamed of the ducks I still have a bride and a bride For the honor of my home I have been gracious. I will baptize you once in a while, Know how to sail in the water And the creatures will not say: Grandpa's grandson did not know how to swim. When I was a son of Gilph An eight-year-old boy, I was all jealous, I swam like a fish. Now we went, The heat rises a radiant bride, The time has come for the morning prayer "- H And again in defense defense A chess for fell. Shine on me Hoshana In a variety of colors, spray sprays. These are the top plazas Crossing Bell and Crossing Burning In the abomination of the rising sun Indeed it is a tree, indeed God But the grandfather does not distract His mind to all the same My grandfather growls into his beard: , We will see in the senses - the Messiah's ropes 145 The generation is declining, it is difficult for him to swim ... Ah, ah! Where are the powers that be T Opposite the lodge opened on foot White brick in cloth, Black brick in shade An old man stood on foot And Sah: here, my son, The tallit fluttered The grandfather wrapped himself in a net Black-and-white stripes. His lips greeted: "They will perform a special sanctuary in the pool." Immediately rolled up the sleeve of the garment A large burial ground And in the prayer of a hand of a knot. Shine the strips against And they are a horn, they are a holy light The tefillin shin switch of the head. Network י Intimidating and sincerely concentrating We stood one on top My grandfather's handkerchief, The tree supported his hand on the tree, And to a blue wing The tree continued and almost arrived In the garden everything has already awakened, The pencil hovered in the air In the circles of his sounds at the top The trees rang every time-- Chicken-savvy birds chirp And an old minister in Bikua Out of a bow and bow: All souls shall praise Yahweh. " 1 Yes We have already prayed, we have eaten Turnip, radish, fruit of the tree - thank God As soon as we lay down, we got a little tired And the island of the uncircumcised The sun is already in the heavens above , Tul Mara, a cold-blooded man "- 146 So old is the praise of others, It also has vertical bearings, But his witnesses to the next, that evening Today's Saturday. We will return to the city And we will leave it in the garden to be kept. Twelve I was too old for a week Driving - There is no will in the will .. ,, Maduazi - Just like that. Turn to them: - "Oh, shut up" A and return from the end of the day, His beard is a horn of water, The cluster of his face warned Admon, .⁇ Heaven of the Underworld⁇ Ayahu? Not there beyond Simbation, Because on the top page is the top In the section on the steam bath, look for it "- Proverb from the proverbs of the grandfather Spoken through grapes. יג It's already raining today. Candles were lit. Seven, in honor of Hanukkah Day. He blessed the candles with him At the hands of the blessing grandmother. Shining light in a flattened crater The copper kettle is attached to the top And go to the left and turn to the right With the shaking of the clock. Saturday at home. But gentle The preparations are not over. - My old man covers the challahs, She presents the sender Now everything is legal. Hesav whispers: "In honor of Shabbat!" Hand With errands in the armpit Going to receive Shabbat Even the yoke of days, even a grandfather is subject to you. In one fell swoop. The little ones also walk leisurely, A palm in the father's hand and a palm in the throat, Book Thirty And in the heart of every sharp contemplation pride: , There is no hero in the world as a father It is possible! But what is considered power All the fathers in front of the grandfather's hand But it does not have dimensions made - It is desirable for human beings and comfortable And who is like the owner of a slice 1 ;; My uncle went to call a bride ... " Tu Three voices in the House of Lords Repeat the anthem of acceptance - Cantor. Audience and echo in the heel of her - Fly all like fire or Its tail is tissue and the heart is blue Rest on the helping ground Under the tangle of reeds the lamp Finished the prayer. My grandfather's daughter The world is praying for him, praying, Everyone has a glorious voice The grandfather hands out a chisel cap: ; טַבַּק רָצִיתָ - מְחַל וַגֵשׁ, Of, smell and sneeze " 16 Beit Or Or Kedmon Zrui A roasting scent rises in the nose. Out of serenity of contentment Sufek turned it over to him. Shulchan Aruch all good; Basket mouth, Full filling, market Puffy golden soup, hot steaming, To end. - Ha, advertiser Zims. Her head shakes , This day is more honorable than any other day, For it is the Sabbath of the Lord. " Easy Beautiful nights in Lithuania, our country, Whites are thick curtains. Sepo Darzain Do not free our windows Carrying peace to the stars. But Noy is unique and pleasant For Saturday night. Still motionless I leaned against the window. Hes. Demi. Somewhere in the black a moving fire - On the field, on the eye of the water Horse herders make nights Opposite the bluish bonfire, So good to review! But in the river Rusty, pungent, crunchy, pungent The outside is gone. The shutter closes. Pcs What's better in the light, bless the cover Indulge not nim not let, To wander a dreamer between the sons of silver In the tapestry forest the wall. Here's the shutter open. Full of majesty A wave of light burst into the interior of the room. My grandfather and neighbor were sitting in the hallway To the table to drink a cup of tea. Lots of news from Grandpa Yodzei He sighed slowly over here and there. Nano deer in the leaf Weaves the beard of his beard, I hear Agree: Hmmm ... Hmmm ... Wonder: Oh! Or just moaning: Ohhh! It Moderate, full of common sense The chaplain on the Sabbath. Slow down ... But time is running out, It's running out. It's coming, The turn has already come. Tray Ha; Zolnti. It's so peppery, it's so spicy. The blushes are red-flushed, Delicious to the palate, so sweet! I have to ask for praise The same stew. This time - enough To our fruit (not to his reproach) Without the most there is, "celestial" in abundance. Exudes more on the measure It smells like pie. 107 B Blessed are you, Sabbath, in the evening, Blessed with dawn and at noon What a host from the heart and battle When you go out with a dim fade Darkness of reference arises A melancholy melody from the bubbles It's my grandmother's voice. Painful voice: ; The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob "- It's already knocking on our window Gold star. ;; Good week! "Here's the grandfather. Ignition of a match, lighted from our cloud: The burning grandmother in the fireplace Fire to prepare a hot kettle Twenty-two Shine the wine in the glass. Turns on The difference is twice as fat. In honor of the departing Sabbath A farewell is held gloomily. Its wrinkles rest in the shade of the sandy seas. By Grandma I will sit opposite The fireplace fire will not fire and will not burn. Washing goggles that are played Of the nightingales, but the grandson's heart Captured in the music network Of my grandmother. It is melodic; , A stranger on a bull, a flag of a blade on it The Messiah son of David to the throne sat. In his right hand is the full cup The blessing cup on the spice and filled. Master and Truth Truth and Stable - Messiah will come at a time of sacrifice. If he rides in a cart - We will be redeemed. If mounted on a donkey - Redeem us and spare. - Backpack and stick - To Zion comes my redeemer. - - 1902 148 Letter from Aran Long letter from places I received That the erasure in it is much more than what is written. And a column repeats: You will not return, Chaim, you will not return First of all you have to let us know, For we are called. Well, there's nothing to be proud of. To him so will the name be given to you and to us To hear only good rumors. Artist. Second ... after we have planted the winter is already standing. There is no flour, no trees, the house is about to fall. Here ... they suffer from hungry and cold people, even- Therefore, they do not perish from want of everything. Third - in Asruihag, fortunately for us - Luckily, a baby was added, here it is. Why did we call on God? In the name of our mother. And hey ... I still remember him. He is not a child, - gold, gold and silver! He's sure, when the uncle comes He will buy him notebooks, pens and a helmet. Poor! Very very much wants to teach. You ask for the peace of all your friends They are in the realm of life, living in it And you are fine and not And if you will - even their condition not to the Almighty and to the Almighty, I wish Zion, to me! And etc. Israel immigrates and these Delev and Tin Rahadal, What else to write M for news there is no mention. Our town is Beit Telemin, Tlitl. The market is a sword of a sword. There is no merchant And in the hands of the craftsmen they go idle. And with all this very do If you were to sit in a nectar district here You will not shake at all, but you have already shaken - You will not answer, Chaim, you will not answer! So that you do not multiply, to be more valid - We found a bride for her. Milk and blood. His. For. The name. Soon again. Those who love you forever and ever. Hi Book Thirty The main thing we forgot: about the evil Poland .. נין מצא לִשַׁאל יִלְכֹּ ל.כַף הַקָּלֶז Let them know or not know All the while I fell on my knees Nothing. Another slight moment and I'll shake After all, I received a letter from my place And again I repeat, call upon him and repeat. (Therapy) צ There was a town .. Please, children, home! They have already started to sail in the air Thread and thread - Corei Shelhi Dekita. Sail you Coliam Elm, rebellious: - Ona. Children, stare Narrow your roof, its dying city There were children - awful! Who are they 1 Until the cries of Zala Am cry - A dying city! Bengaa the hot departing, The mountains are like candlesticks The scorching heat. To the tops of the town to the stream A prairie sent fabrics to unpack The barking of her trunk is a sigh To the women of the city to the river, There was a fire ... there was a island The wind will pass over the plain, Hay and hay will be torn off After Gwu Kalharaid == - A city was and is no more. ) 25.1.26 ( Last generation The last generation Book Thirty I see her, - - - And here I see in my mind's the Our town is on a pedestal, as it was a decade ago And up. Standing on the side of the road, within hours- Two rides in the stagecoach at the time to the train station Coming, From the center of the market is the column, evidence of events Historic, close to the huge barracks, The abode of demons and evil spirits. Everything Interwoven with imaginary legends, in our childlike innocence We believed in them and saw our town as the center of the world, While all the rest - take care. Here are the houses on both sides of the market, here are the Versatile ornaments. At the end of the market - a house Two-story, single is among the town houses. Mar- Take a few steps from it - The Ortho- Church Doxit, who instills fear in us children. For his part The second ended with the market in Arad Krummen ', followed by "Deutsche Gus" to the other border of our town. Behind the market are synagogues and their neighborhoods Home: The old cemetery, to teach you and remind you:; and know where You're going. "Behind the Schulhof Taot, up to the stream, beautiful. "Parallel to the market, for his part Our synagogue The most elegant of them all was the Great Synagogue,, d Great school. "All the celebrations were held there The formality. The building was large, its walls covered There were synagogues inside the houses with paintings of lions and Songs and various verses, among them; In Hebrew and Russian in honor of the Tsar of Russia The great. Almost every resident of Darzi, even those who were not Zealot for religion, was associated with a particular synagogue. Feel- In the sea and Kabbalists were on many and respected house- The so-called midrash, the "new wall" (, the newer Wall "), and next to it -" the old wall ", the Alter Moyer "). And there was the beit midrash, of wood" (The wooden beit midrash ") General - also Beit Midrash of Tailors and Beit Midrash of shoemakers, 11 The dresain / m. Aikobia The other, the street with the houses and the cabins that lay To fall on the roofs of the straw he fought, and precisely this street Let's call it a new street. " For generations our town has stood on its own two feet And the children of Israel grew up in it, were educated in the spirit of the times, Try the burden of family and livelihood. Will shorten the substrate to describe Their preoccupation, their disagreements for heaven's sake and not For heaven's sake, and its first years of the century Our agitated and agitated, did not miss the spirit of the It also hit our town, just as they did not miss it The waves of despair and failure after the failure of a revolution 5. But since then immigration to the beyond has increased Eventually and oceans and again did not prevail in the outdoors Darchin and among her youthfully pastoral serenity Of previous generations. The Jews still continued In trade with the farmers of the area, and artisans Various continued to engage in their art, and rabbis, Judges and vessels - in the sacred work, and Malam- Dim beat Torah for the children of the town, each one In his own methods - but sparks of longing to purchase Knowledge, the connection with the big world, the movements of chess National and social rumors have not ceased since Drzain. Yaakov Rabinowitz Rabbi Damta would pray in the beit midrash, the What is the old one? ”Near every Beit Midrash there were Various companies, such as: Shas Company, Psalm Company Etc. On the long winter evenings one could see Dozens of Jews from all walks of life, as they sit Around a long table and listening multi-attentively to hes- The well-being of the town's scholars. On the night of Hoshana Rabba There were many Darchin scholars going over five Chumashi Torah, until the wee hours of the night, And if there were also quarrels and law "and things between a Jew Our town on a small day, after all on test days, like a war And natural disasters, fires and general distress, increased Jewish brotherhood and mutual aid, and not in the least Thanks to the synagogues and the study of Torah and Gemara Together for many generations. 12 Duchamp Book Derechin in Nothingland / Chaim Rabinavitt When World War I broke out Dikt and the Germans began to abandon Derechiner rayon, has yet none of us No anung not had to whom in the hands Our area will fall - to Russia- Country or to Poland. A short time is our town with you Surroundings remained without landlords. In the Neighboring forests are still growing. Hidden deserts of Russian front, Which have been held all the time Of war with prey-attacks and murders. The German occupation authorities agreed with them. Conducts a constant struggle, but could not They are extinct from the forests. We have seen that with the departure of the Germans remain Derechin and the neighbors Towns and villages on HFCR. We have Then a self-government was formed in the town. Tung in which they participated Local Jewish youth and some of them Chosen Christians. In order to defend oneself From eventual robberies, we have- Buy ba the representing German A. 40 Guns, a machine gun and some boxes Hand grenades for two thousand marks. The first task of the administration Was creating a strong self-defense- Campaign. A local landlord, Danny- Levich, a returning officer of the Russian Army, is definitely meworn as Commandant and instructor of the Self-defense. A group of 30-40 young society Patrol with loaded rifles The evenings, until midnight, in and around Shtetl. It was also created a Court Department with militiamen, which Arrest criminals and on them Issue judgments. Those remaining after the German reserves Of grains, potatoes and various fruits- Ducts in Derechin and in the villages Are transferred to the management. Of Russia have taken turns Back in their villages the peasants too I also had to provide them with ESG- Warg of the German Reserve Magazine It had to be strictly observed that Mazul d All provinces gives ceremonies. With this Everyone was preoccupied with the issue Along with co-opted rural Christians, Interesting was the message of The desert-bandits to the prey. Seeing that we have mastered the situation, They sent a delegation with a Please include them in the me- Let them go until they can turn around Russia in their homes. Of course, That the administration did not have their proposal Accepted. We just promised her that If they want to stay honest and give There will be no raids on towns, people will They let him go home later. As has been said before As for the forest-bandits, they did not agree. Time murdered and robbed Jews in the ways And also rural Christians. In the village of Klimo- They murdered the family Fayevsky - the parent, the mother and Two young daughters. For the time of the The Germans could not be reached in any way Ascend on the trail of the criminal And not even found their bodies. Book Thirty At the time of the administration did Reportedly grabbed a ride from the killer And the court sentenced them to death. But there was no one to carry it out This death sentence. They were kept in Arrest, until the arrival of Polish power. The criminals were handed over In the hands of the Philistine police, But Keyger does not know what he has to do with them Done. The twilight continued A few weeks. In slonim are already there Enter the Bolsheviks of Baranovichi Be; In Volkovysk the falcons entered From Biolistoker side, - and Derechin is Remained inside without sovereign. We have yet All unknown in whose hands the Fate will throw us into it. A part of the Derechiner Bundovtses Have taken sympathy with the ball- Shevikes. In the course of several days hot There was a heated debate for and against Bolshevism. In Derechin was then found a Certain Tkachou, a rus, which is Apparently came on a visit to his Relatives. Was he a special-sent Bolshevik agitator - that's it Appeared later, when he had pre- Take a high post in Slonim during the Bolshevik rule. He has, shows Out, strongly contributed that the majority 153 Of local, bond "should cross to ball- Chevism, A certain day has. I suddenly received A letter from a newly formed communist Committee, with a demand I should in the None 24 hours deliver in his hands The whole weapon with the ammunition, will The new committee takes over the power In Derechin and surroundings. -I have none Choice not had and delivered the new House everything that has been until then In the hands of the management, Two days later, Kein Derechin Marching in groups of Polish dom- Bhovsky: Army. They have shattered this Whole town, scattered: Frishigeba- Communist Committee and Confiscate Return all the weapons that are in our possession Verified to comply with order Kerung and you have-and-goods, I already knew about it In Volkovysk, where I'm away My family soon after delivered ever the Communists. Then mine ended, too Conformity to "bond" and my sitting in Derechin. I'm away from Volkovysk No slonim, where I'm been active, in For more than 20 years, on various Social areas. From there we have The Soviet rulers deported in 1940 Deep in Race - and my family, my Wife with our three precious children Were killed by the Nazis Assassin. 154 The Thirty Book R. Dbiber Valitsky. Activist of Talmud: Torah, With his wife Cantor Zvi: Hirsch Beshkin Marriage of Traine Levitt - Abraham Blacher, 1919 Thirteen Book - Jewish Folk School and Cultural Union, Future, 1922 156 In the days of Saar / Malla Alper With the outbreak of World War I, emotion increased Nationalism among the Jews of Russia and the Intelligence Proximity to the gourds. The expulsion of the Jews from my area The book provoked a wave of volunteering, and the Jews were residents The cities,. Through which the refugee trains passed, Welcome the deportees with food and drink And in clothes. The refugees reached as far as Nizhny Novgorod (Gorky today). Schools were opened there for the children of the Lithiums. The Braistists and the Yiddishists competed Among them on the number of schools established and on the soul The students recruited to them, Zionist activity did not cease for an hour Emergencies and scores would also raise funds for the benefit A.I. The anticipation of the end of the war and the faith that followed Rights will also be given to Jews. The condemnation of the Jews, The front began to crumble, my life was in danger The Jews and their property and then self-defense was organized; On the Jewish street, people started talking about autonomy. And in the area of ​​our occupation, the hand of the occupier weakened, News arrives through the neutral countries on What is happening among the Jews of Russia and they are published in a newspaper The Jew in Bialystok - the nearest city In terms of touch you. The revolution broke out in Russia, it aroused enthusiasm Also among the youth in Darchin and excited them. Offer- Rim more than the former members of the "Bond" defined Themselves alongside the revolution, from which salvation will also come To us Jews, The youth with national recognition, who before The war was educated on modern Hebrew literature, sr Songs of Zion and argued over the articles of Ahad Ha'am, weaver During the years of occupation the thread of hope that also Zionism will be saved and will go out into space when the great ones sit down The winning nations to the table of discussions about the world The new one that needs to be built on the old ruins. - -These young people found them a wide cushion for action, Whereas the occupation authorities allowed the operation to begin Cultural, Sepo Darzain Evening classes were opened for Hebrew, history and the Bible, The questions of Zionism also clearly dealt with this disguise Generalism and Socialist Zionism. Organized by Kabo- Tzat, Daughters of Zion, "whose purpose is to speak Hebrew in my life Every day and even on the street, as well as collecting money for the KKL-JNF. The Balfour Declaration has come. There was no one to organize then The public of homeowners for Zionist action, because That the concern of livelihood and insecurity for life and property At the hands of Russian military defectors or prisoners of war, Who ran in the forests in the vicinity, prevented any possibility Of action among the adult audience. While the youth were thirsty and expected near an organizer, David Alper the 14th is rescued for this, and with him, he will be separated for life Long, Favel Einstein, now in the US. Idea The working Palestine, the pioneer, training and fulfillment Personally - this was their worldview and this is what they wanted To impart to the youth. Many of the youth were gathered to them. The Bund " Did not bury his hand in the plate and the struggle for the youth psyche It was deserted in all its heat. At public assemblies The debate over nationalism and internationalism, on The prospects for freedom and salvation for Diaspora Jews From the International, on the question of autonomy Home, self-definition, community organization (, touch- Genwarts work ", as it was called then) - All of these were debated in the public assemblies, Which usually took place in the house: the old midrash, since And next to the youth, the owners of "houses" stood and stood At their disposal the house, In addition, limited meetings were held More, in which the questions of socialist Zionism were whitened, The lecturer and bringing things to clarification was The late David Alper. After meetings and inquiries it was decided Founded a branch of the ZS party - Tze'iritzion In Darchin, to which people of all ages will belong, starting 18 years and older, The people of Darchin did not have a temperament and gatherings with The inquiries excited the spirits. The arguments went beyond that Outside the walls of the halls (so to speak ...) and as usual The youth in the town, where one knows the other from the membrane, Book Thirty The campers saw each other as enemies In the mind. When the party branch was organized, he was elected chairman Her David Alper and the committee were elected: Rachel Shlyovsky, Avraham Zaltogora, David Zelig Epstein, and as- Cooker - Malka Alper. The rumor about the foundation of the branch She made wings and young people began to visit her From the area, and even from Bialystok, who were interested in The new Noa. And the days after the war, 1918. Still Detached from the center, it is not yet known who will rule In our area: Are the Poles, who received the From those on the promise of the Allies and wanted a state Within the historical borders, or the Bolsheviks, who were polished Their eyes to the Belorussian brothers. And non- companies Regularity on both sides has plagued the town for a long time For a time, some of them send their hand in looting and some of them get lost. Kim without damage. The roads were in danger, 157 But trade takes place somehow, in spite of everything, At the risk of death, goods are brought from salons Or from Volkovisk. This burden is borne by the young About themselves. And when they return home they bring with them Material from all that was obtained in the nearby cities (the post office Did not work for us). As Jews used to be residents The villages, when they came to the city, went to the Beit Midrash, This is how these young people went to the ZS offices Or to the clubs, stocked with whatever they found there And return home. Wa was used as incandescent material for them And studying the topical questions of Zionism, CHC meetings were held every Saturday After lunch, in the Hexarcetin Hall in Town center. There were also cases of interference from the side Opponents, but slowly things got in the way To their course and the disturbances ceased, On Hanukkah, a ball was held with an interesting speech And presentation, - the income is sacred to the Jewish National Fund. Came 158 Prom all city residents, regardless of age and outlook, The hustle and bustle were above the absorption capacity, Until the lights dimmed because of the humidity And the heat. The prom passed with great success and the ink was heard For a long time. Fundraising for the JNF employs the youth flowers And even the CZ, and for the first time also appear, "bowls" For the benefit of the Knesset near the synagogues on the eve of Yom Kippur, in preparation for the opening prayer. The working youth, who once had a national feeling in them, He was not complete with the Bund, "he said All to the Bolsheviks, and not even with Chech, who- Their head was a youth; a landlord. "David Alper began Conduct propaganda for the establishment of a right-wing branch, which Will be directed by him and managed by the forces of his organizers. Was founded then A group of right-wing MPs (among its founders, who survived Living and in the land, they are: Geche Petrochovitz And her husband Michael). Every CHC member saw himself as a pioneer and spoke Tap Darzein On and on training. The first that actually existed The immigration to Israel in 1921 was by Naftali Ben " Dov Dayhovsky. Meanwhile, the one-year Polish-Russian war broke out 0. The Russians came as far as the Vistula and we were under They reigned from Tisha B'Av 1863 until the eve of Sukkot 1931. About nine weeks. Obviously any activity A Zionist was silent. Since the Red Army withdrew in the evening Sukkot,. The Poles entered the next day. After The strike began and life began to take its course, It was a convenient time to conduct a Zionist operation Extensive: The hearts of the Jews were open and they accepted Willingly the doers in the craft. In 1921, Favel Einstein emigrated to the United States And in the fall of 1922 the late David Alper moved to Pinsk, To serve as a teacher in the gymnasium; culture ", Activity was reduced, but the seed sown in days They made fruit and some of the young people immigrated to Israel. It is just a pity that the number of immigrants was so small at the time. Memories of those days / Jakubarbinowicz In early winter, in November 1918, when The revolution broke out in Germany, the German army left The occupied territories and Dresin, like the whole environment, Remained without rule. Local government was then organized, Sort of, a district committee "(; committee interviews"), which was Consists of Jews to Belorussians, with pro- Bolshevik. In January 1919 a demonstration took place Bolshevik pro of all parties, including A young man, with red flags and banners. Cold Strong prevailed that day, but participation in the demonstration Was great. That evening there was a big party- People on behalf of the Pro-Bolshevik League (com- Bond ") at set tables. Suddenly arrived Knowing that Polish forces were approaching the town. The audience Dispersed. That night a Polish army stormed the town, From the General Dombrowski Recruitment. They started In search of the organizers of the demonstration and left home To the house according to a list they had. In all Tonight the residents were robbed and abused, especially in Robberies with Bolshevik tendencies. The next day The Poles left the town. For several months Passed Darchen like a ball next to each other, from the stamp- Shabik to the Poles and God forbid he returns, until finally The Poles took over Western Belarus. The attitude of the Polish government towards the Jewish population is not Was the best. There were also language difficulties. Still Over time, the Jews became accustomed to the Polish regime. Many residents, who had relatives in the countries- Alliance, started getting support from there. How much Of whom immigrated to the United States, In the summer of 1920, the Polish-Bull War broke out. Shebist, and under pressure from the Red Army, the Let them retreat. While the Poles were retreating occurred Again robberies and abuses. Thanks to firefighters Volunteers (all Jews), who bribed my officers The retreating army, there were no murders, as in the towns Often. In August 1920, army forces entered The red to the town. Once again it was necessary to adapt to the regime The new. It is difficult to describe the suffering of the population was- Tap Darzein Religion at that time. The shops emptied of goods, The atmosphere was tense. In the living rooms was spent then Executed a young Jewish woman accused of trading in dollars, And propaganda meetings were held almost daily in the town On behalf of the Bolshevik government. Participation in Asi- Vagina was a must. Local government is called "Racom" (a revolutionary committee) and was composed for the most part From Jews who are members of the Communist Party, Shrek Some of them were idealists. Agile. Who knew The Russian language, got jobs in my office The government. Lots of young people, even families, Recruited to the Red Army, the older ones were recruited to Fortifications. In early October 1920 passed The Poles for a strong counterattack and the Red Army Began his retreat. On Sukkot night they passed through the town The last battalions of the Red Army. It should be noted To their praise they did not rob or abuse the residents Like the Poles of their time. Together with them left the 159 The town is also home to the Jewish Communists. The next day Today the Poles entered, Slowly, life returned to its previous trajectory, after Hardships that have lasted since August 1914, with an outbreak World War I. The shopkeepers opened the Their shops, the artisans and their workshops. Again Support was received from the JDC. Then a school was founded Folk Hebrew, initiated by the late David Alper. The book was exemplary throughout the environment. Beginning in 1918, a youth association was established Score (Chess): The Keren- Committee began to operate Exists; A Hebrew library was opened called on The name of Y. H. Your child. As a foundation for the library. Were used The books that the Hebrew teacher Faybel contributed to this goal Einstein, upon his emigration to the United States in 1. Also purchased best. The Hebrew Books Stayed " Performed in Warsaw, published by Stiebel, as well as books In Yiddish. A youth branch in Derzain separate from Fayvel Einstein, 1921 160 Book Thirty Activist group At the same time, the Bund also expanded its operations Local under the guise of the Cultural Association Future. "They also opened a library but- Reading. Most of the books, mostly in Russian, were Dim from the Hagbugad's Library "from 1905. at the top The association was headed by Shmuel Ablovitz, who has views Leftism. As a result of the tip-off, the police performed The Polish suddenly imprisoned among the activists of the association. The Russian books were confiscated. After endeavor The detainees were released by the authorities in the salons. Since then, no activity has been felt on the Jewish street Of the Yiddishist left. Only in 1928 did they return The Polish authorities about two hundred Russian books, Which were confiscated years ago, next to the Kaberger Library ", Through the Deputy Mayor of Slonim, Mr. Zablotsky. Since then the books have been found in the attic of our house .. yes And young Belorussians would ask of us Lend them for reading these numbers, and we were Willingly, but secretly, fulfill their request. In 1921 the first pioneer came up from Darchin To Israel. It was Naftali Diyhovsky. Relations with Cultural institutions The ZS Youth Center in Warsaw were quite close, Sometimes members of the center would visit the town. The bulletin, in Afriyong? In Yiddish and the Hebrew Monthly "The future" was common in the town. I remember my friends budding They transferred a fundraiser to the Labor Fund. "They collected From the inhabitants tools: axes, shovels, ropes Etc., for the above appeal. If my memory is not Misleading me, the Tze'irei Zion branch stopped operating At the end of 1923 however he arose in the town in 1925 Organization, the pioneer ".. In May 1926 they immigrated to Israel, After non-implementation of training in Poland, the pioneers The first gardens: Shimon Abramovich, Dov Gurino- Baski and David Rabinowitz. After their rise it weakened The pioneering activity in the town and the branch crumbled. Only the Brenner Foundation Committee and the Brenner Library Committee Continue their operation. They headed the Jewish National Fund Avraham Zaltogora, Masha Alper, Dov Polyachuk. In 1929, the Po'alei branch was reorganized. Zion (ZS), numbering several dozen members Time has developed very nicely. Members of the Hi branch Activists in the Jewish National Fund Committee, the library, etc. Book Drzain Thanks to the branch, an organization has also been established. And a Jewish school was opened, in which the language of instruction was There was Yiddish and Hebrew. Before the establishment of the school The Jewish children studied in a Polish school ("Shkola Povshekhna"). As a teacher the a. Reichman, who was very active In the party branch and thanks to him operations expanded Poetz in Darzen. A branch of the league was also established For the sake of working Israel. In the elections to the congresses, Nim the 17th 18 came out of the working island block In a great victory, despite the activity and propaganda of The Revisionists. That they too concentrated around them a lot In the youth. Together with the Puetz branch it was revived Also the pioneering movement. The town changed its face. From time to time, lecturers from the steering committee would come In the salons and also from the center in Warsaw. The youth who concentrated Around the Poetz and Hechalutz branch was all the neighborhood- Booth, starting with high school students and finishing with tailors' apprenticeships And shoemakers. Day: Day would be received "20 ex- Fliers of "Das Wart", in the party town 0 Walked in Warsaw. The newspaper, Davar "was my brother David Sends regularly home, and who was interesting To know about what is happening in Israel, read it. On this occasion It is worth noting,. As early as 1925, with the beginning The appearance of "Davar", signed by the Phahalutz branch The newspaper until mid-1927 were received every week Packages, thing "according to the address of the secretary, the Lutz "or, David Lipshovitz. In their special activity We excelled in that period. 1929--1933, Fable Gelman, Issachar Abelowitz, the late Yitzhak Manikov Yavla Moshe Sadletsky. Yosef Dykhovsky will also be remembered Zil. Nablus shunned everything that was required of him The town also had an amateur circle, which was an editor Sometimes plays in Yiddish. Was very active in the circle Simcha Horowitz. Proceeds were dedicated to the library, , "I did justice" etc. In Darzain there was also a Zionist Organization Clalit, headed by m. Feldman, but she Did not prove much activity, because all the youth Was under the influence of Poalei-Zion Z.S. And the rebbe- פאטס 50 פן, | 162 Gists, which increased greatly in the early 1930s. They were very active with the late Sioma Shlovsky, There was a communist group in the underground at the time, which De in ties with the Communist Party of Western Belarus. B! May they were Poster leaflets in Yiddish, with slogans from the Channies. At the end of the 1920s, a bank was founded in Darzen A Jewish folk, who helped a lot in loans to shopkeepers And artisans. Due to poor management it fell apart In 1932. The economic situation, which was always poor, It got worse in the 1930s. The Polish government did Everything to impoverish the Jewish population. I remember that before I immigrated to Israel, at the end of 1932, it was forbidden Farmers from the area had to set up on market days Weekly and monthly fair their carts with Jewish-Polish Cuisine / This was at the beginning of the Polish rule. In America A Polish-American committee was established to help the state of Poland She has just risen to be. Attended the committee as well Jews from Poland. They demanded not to discriminate between Jews and Christians in aid to be provided to the population of State of Poland, One day in 1919 we were told that they were standing To open a shared kitchen for needy Jews and Poles, The organization of the thing was handed over to Mrs. Nowitzka, a woman Dr. Nowitzki. She invited Rabbi Plotkin The late, who suggested arranging two kitchens Separate, to Jews and Christians, or divided to the population The Jewish have dry ingredients and they will cook themselves In their house you cook them. Fear; the old lady "lest the Jews should be replaced Their dishes in the market in whatever they like And insisted that the kitchen be shared (perhaps she had hoped In her heart, it would be possible to win something for a Jewish child as well Which is not kosher), and someone is needed to stand on The guard, in cooperation, that the needy are Jews They will receive food from the uncle that will be kosher. Fate wanted me to choose the late Rabbi Plotkin To be the link between the rabbi as the representative of the Jews and Ms. Nowitzka as chair of the local committee. Book Thirty Made in Market Street. As always, but Out of town. It robbed the nerds of their livelihood. Already talking or about opening consumers and cooperative- Goods for buying agricultural produce. Until then Many Jewish families made a living from trading in Coming. The hardships of earning a living caused competition and hatred Mutual, Relations with the Christian population were on the way Normal rule. I do not remember ever being! Danger Of pogroms. The peasants, most of whom were Bielo- Russians, too, suffered from the Polish regime. Of course That anti-Semitism existed beneath the surface, and that Was felt in relations with the urban Christians, who were Always tense. They were influenced by anti-propaganda You put more than the villagers, but next to the collision Things did not come, Tedious negotiations were conducted with you until it was agreed, That the portions of lard-fat will be given to the children of the Christians, The residents of the city and the residents of the village of Alexitz, next to them, While the stew in the boilers will be milked Only, canned milk. The interesting thing is that the doctor The old man would always stand by my side and cool the enthusiasm His wife at the time of the argument pointed out various customs Irrational, which also exist in the Catholic religion. Almost all of 1919, until November Roughly, I would come daily to the kitchen, which Housed in one of the barracks buildings, the "Palaces", Out of town, keep an eye on the breweries, teachers Old women who lived in Darzin, Russians according to Motzaf Who declared themselves devout Catholics (oil Was the Guzniova sisters), and especially to supervise in time The division, that no pork was applied to the boiler. The children of the Jews received boxes of meat instead Pasteurized milk. The old woman would also keep me busy in the evenings, In the arrangement of the accounts (who receive the parcels hi Pay only a nominal fee for each portion) And transferred them to a tribute, and I had to give an opinion In various matters related to the kitchen. Book Thirty Sowing and harvesting / After spending three and a half years in Krinky (Bialystok Oblast), a place where I studied in a yeshiva, And at the same time I was under his influence Of my late brother Avraham Yehuda (he and Diminished perished in the Holocaust), who was afterwards one One of the founders of Culture? In Poland, I returned to Drezien. Place of residence of my parents and family, late summer of 1915, in the midst of World War II Different. The pressure of the German military regime Bashim was not fully felt for his sharpness, since And the front of the war moved away from the area day by day Our. The Jewish population in Darchin. As in the rest County Cities, rejoicing at the temporary rest that has come On her and quickly began to adapt to living conditions The new ones, Being a percentage of youth-enthusiasm for the fulfillment of the Where and the ideas of the resurrection of our people, the thick language- Rit and Eretz Yisrael, I took my first steps In the way of organizing Hebrew education in our city. I pasted, According to custom, on the door of the great beit midrash In the city A short ad, edited by Ab- Rit, on the basis of a private Hebrew school. On The ad I signed my name as a school teacher. Immediately The parents flocked to me and brought in their sons and daughters You have to teach them Hebrew, the Bible and history. Realistic. I divided the children into classes and taught Them, sitting around one table, In the room of D. on D. in my parents' house. It was kind of "Repaired room." The teaching method I used There was, of course, "Hebrew in Hebrew." And here passed the voice in our city that something new, alive And lively, takes place in the education of children: Hebrew speaking. An awakening arose among the community. The Matters not only in the expansion of Hebrew education Renewed, but also in Zionism and the cultivation of culture Hebrew in all its manifestations and shades. A group was organized Of lovers of the language of the past ", whose main purpose Was to gather from time to time for past speech. This group consisted of young people, who, 163 Shraga-Fayvel Einstein (Chicago) Like me, yeshiva guys in the past. Group meetings Were held in the private homes of the members. Bass- Our first vagina we clarified for ourselves the purpose- The actions we must take. We decided together according to Timed our actions into the cultural realm. We took out Every week a weekly newspaper in the name of the youth ", That we would read it at our assemblies. We opened a clock- And will engage adults in the Bible, history and language Hebrew. And with the participation of other young people, who were- Pied as non-partisan, a library was opened on our initiative Urban. And here our friend David Alper joined our group The late. He was a talented and educated young man, who received Comprehensive progressive education. He was one of the only ones In our city, which visited general schools as children Russians on behalf of the government. Also bought news Extensive in the Hebrew language and literature. We saw in him the The man capable of inserting, from the beauty of Japheth into Tents there. "The days and the members of the group did not last long Find in Alper a friend their manager, your instructor and Mar- Ganem. An executive committee was elected, headed by the member Alper. Also the sisters of David, Malka, Masha A.H. (She and her family perished in the Holocaust), Bella, Doba and Rachel Join us as members of our group. Like this Became the home of the Alper family (the father of the family was The only pharmacist in town. His pharmacy store was In the house room, facing the street), to the center of the Noa the Hebrew in Darchen. Meetings were held here The Executive Committee, in which the action plans were outlined Our. Gradually, the organization for increasing the circle grew among us Our actions, in our desire to put actions into it as well And factories in the field of Zionism in general, for training The people for the redemption of the land. And after a series of discussions Arguments was founded on our initiative a section of the party, young people Zion "in our city. We came in contact with the main merchant Of the party in Warsaw (our Galilee was already then Under the rule of the Poles), and from time to time we received from The center provides instructions regarding various auxiliary plants The labor movement in Eretz Israel. Once we got 164 Announcer from the center to start recruiting Melana devices And tillage for the pioneers in the Land of Israel. We went back to the openings and collected all kinds of tools, Which were for the most part old-fashioned and their benefit was imputed Doubtful ... but we did our part. With all the efforts in our operations in the Names of factories, Tze'irei Zion ", experienced as exiles The title in our work The Cultural Action,. Where We succeeded in domestication. In this territory we went from corps To force, until we realized that the ground had already been prepared For the organization of Hebrew education and for its establishment That's right. We addressed the general Hebrew audience in a proclamation, And he immediately responded to our call. Everyone felt grounded A Hebrew elementary school was a thing of the past. In the hospital A large auction, in which Comrade David Alper lectured On - the school question, - was unanimously accepted The curriculum in the form of, Tziri Youth. In the middle of 1919, after all the preparations had been made Necessary, opened a Hebrew elementary school Ben Three departments and preparatory school. With a curriculum Broad, which contained Hebrew studies to a large extent And subjects for general studies, and the language of the state (Polish) within them. The language of instruction in the school Was Hebrew. She was appointed head of the school's administration Comrade Alper. Great difficulty was felt in the teaching General subjects (arithmetic, geography and physics) Due to lack of suitable textbooks. We, The teachers, we had to prepare the lessons in the subjects ש. פ. Einstein with Ethel Rabinowitz and Yaakov-Meir Plotkin Book Thirty The goddess, by the way, is translated into Hebrew from the textbooks In Russian or Polish. For a short time for its existence Going to our school is a reputation not only in the city Because if also in the whole environment. And this fact added We have encouragement and courage. After days, when a "culture" company was formed in Po- Lania with its main headquarters in Warsaw, for construction Homes: Hebrew elementary schools throughout the country, We are also affiliated with our school network of schools "Addresses". In those days a dramatic society was founded in our city Culturally non-partisan. The association presented plays Some, including the "Poor of Life" (in Hebrew) Led. Pinsky. As a theater we used a stone building Great old-fashioned, dating back to the days of Polish nobles There was a sword inside the city. This building was also used Mass public gatherings, held funded by Lumen On behalf of our movement. On behalf of the management of our school Performed in this theater by our students the play, Monday Melodies "Lee. Schweiger. The show did on the audience The great one, who filled the hall from mouth to mouth, made an impression So strong that even the devout Yiddishists Ours answered with a merciful husband; Amen. " At the end of the summer of 1920, our movement ceased For a while. The Russian armies of the Soviet regime They raided our plays and repulsed the Poles Warsaw gates. The mayor, who was appointed on behalf of the military regime The Soviet, invited to his office - a desolate room In one of the houses - and he addressed me with these things: ; I heard I heard you were a primary school teacher Here, from this day on, you will serve as a teacher at home- A Soviet book to be established soon. For the two months The following will be free from the work of our army that You need to organize a group that will help you with the basics of home- School and study the curriculum of home- The Soviet Book. You will need to attend the conference The district of Soviet educators to be held In the living rooms, Of course I had to carry out his order. I went to the salons, to the conference. Hi there about two hundred Teachers who came from all the cities of the county. Appeared there Lecturer, an eighteen-year-old girl. Brought Book Thirty Especially from Moscow. She explained the heli-plan Thank you at the Soviet school and stressed the recognition The Soviet that teachers and educators must plant Among the trainees. Her words were spoken loudly and with great fervor. Before the close of the conference, the winning officials distributed At the conference each of the teachers has one casket, One pen, one notebook and one pencil, to Use them in teaching students, I returned from the conference to Darcin, until I stood 165 Wondering and amazed what a child day, the miracle occurred: The Poles succeeded in repelling the armies of the "Sim and our district will be released again." In the meantime we got (me and the rest of our family) From our relatives in Chicago the official invitations to emigrate To the United States. We made the necessary preparations For our trip to America, and in early November 1 We arrived in Chicago - where we lived until This day. ; 0 זידקן, יי / (323 (קכ כֹזב שא אי 5 / Y 3 ye? Egg 4 (. 6! Ak kamket / = atzui pn, es ae /. 137 Let! A 8 לין פכקיל 0 הנק (בּויּי = - 36 808 י? פן נ, / 22 י ל /! : 079 / Atan? 0 68 4 330 TB / 9 / * / * / 3 //; Go easy + / 30 lt 00 and tap 0 0 68 /// 3 /// 3 a // 2 a 30 / z Total S- + / 2 / LT / 56467- 277 ץ / 28 2 כ ; Pl! Hel 3 2 נאַ (Ats / Ari? A / 33; US I want The dedication goes beyond the farewell picture, 1921 166 Sepo Darzain Between Zion and Revolution / Queen Alper The repercussions of the Russian Revolution Lands have been added to the occupied territories. Tn. It became clear to the Germans, and to them Did not win the war and did No hope not to remain landlord From Western Belarus. The relation of the Makes to the local population is Became very liberal. It is allowed An earlier movement between Derechin and the Neighboring regions. The youth intends to exploit themselves This for cultural work. But where to find a suitable place for Broader cultural activity? Were actually quite German authorities Position of the cultural worker one of the Let in the barracks buildings, virtually in Center of town. There are organized Became lessons in Jewish history and Bible. It comes without the knowledge of the Balfour- Declaration! The enthusiasm between them increases Their youth. The "Daughters of Zion" are organized. A circle for Hebrew-riders, commissions For Zionist activity. It lifts up Conversations on various Zionist topics And fundraisers for the Jewish National Fund. Take advantage of every opportunity that comes your way Special below, on the eve of Yom Kippur Placed, between fists for all kinds of two- CN, also the Pushke of Kern-Kayemet a. D. Gal, The Hanukkah celebration is still well remembered, Which was incorporated that year, With a lecture on the meaning of Hanukkah and with a performance. Young and old, "Child and Kate", all inhabitants of Derechin Came to Hanukkah evening. The Hall was full-blown, literally choked To become. In the fresh air were Could hardly burn the Hanukkah candle. The The speaker knew himself with difficulty Hear his own words. And despite the Congestion is the celebration passed with success And talked about her in Derechin Over a long period of time. A group of children aged 65 years Is collected and opened The first class of the Hebrew School. The German school is closed. Abraham Eizikovich's school has not yet opened Became back. School work is initiated and initiated Led by David Alfer z.l. saved him In carrying out the work, Fayvel agreed And the writer of these lines, The adult youth is leading debates The Problems of Communism-Bolshevism, Al- General Zionism, Socialist Zionism, Some of the former yeshiva-boys had Himself precisely approached the covenant and even Off left of him, but the largest Part with Zionist consciousness seeks a sin- Thesis between religion-Zionism-socialism. I Recall the long discussions in an Narrow circle near us at home, in which David Zelig Epstein took part (Died in 1919 youth of typhus, Samuel. Abilovich, Josef Dykowski. Abraham Zlatagure, Shmuel Shefeshelevich, Nachman Gal- Dean a. And, The Zionist-Socialist movement emerges Tzeiri Zion organization. Better program of the new 'party becomes Confirmed at the inaugural meeting, Meetings and rehearsals are organized And an enlightenment work is being done. "Young Zion" does not encompass the whole Adult youth, and therefore necessary A great educational work, not to be left out The youth is influenced to be by the Book Thirty Left, anti-Zionist sentiments. David Alfer Zl gathers together a group of youth, Among them also married, and seeking marriage Establishing a Right-wing Zionist Organization Sentence, which should be active between the Working youth. And the thing is made Became: Various materials begin to arrive Of the centers, of Slonim, Valkavisk and Bialystok. Despite the weak contact with Warsaw, because of the chaos that has ensued Ruled in those days, is also from there Enlightenment material was obtained, The "covenant" is not so easy, however Under. Also his loyal colleagues organize Itself and it fights the battle for The soul of our youth. On public Meetings in school, in old wall or In this barracks-let come regularly for wich- Life between the Left and the Zionists Socialists, Meanwhile help began to arrive from America for the Poor Population From Poland, who also saw ours Area as part of its country, as it is You were promised by the Allies Make. The "joint" has begun to be Activity and in the population has itself Started an argument, he will be the Assistance distributor, how should the be provided This assistance - in the form of support Or by constructivists' activity. The "Joint" demanded that with the help- Work should be done by the community. Watt Had to then resist. The church has It needed receiving the money and deciding What to do with them. Will the newly elected Church is a Jewish-National, a Zionist, Or it will be left-wing, anti-national Tendencies? Around the question is approached A heated discussion in public. Lungs, with long speeches, until the Speakers became hoarse. The city landlords were there 167 The Zionist youth. It arose A church administration, with representatives from Various parties, but with a Zionist- Tisher majority. Was this an interesting and stormy- Misha era, when our region is over From Soviet to Polish power, and Some times even remained without anything Makes. January 6, 1919, in a Christian Holiday, was held in the latter- Shine the great manifestation with red Fener, who called against the rule Of the Church and for the Bolsheviks Makes. Organized is the manifestation Was created by a group of Bolsheviks and co- Miscarriages, which are a few days old Arrived in town of Slonim. The poor Fish population has flowed chin Derechin to the manifestation, especially the Rural youth, who was dominated By the solutions of sharing the great earth- Areas of the rich freaks among the earth- Thirsty peasant poverty. The older Peasants came to town to Prove their Christian holiday, shopping a Little goods and meanwhile also hear, who Say them, the Bolsheviks. The demonstration turned out to be, First the communists with their fan, and After them the Bundists, Fuel-Zion with the Reds Peneu '. A large crowd. Of Yosef Rabina. Witches' verandas held the speakers Fiery speeches. Afterwards, the mani- Station calmly passed. In the night after the demonstration- Day, shortly after midnight, appeared on Mark A group of Polish officers from a camp To Dambrowski. They made a lawsuit Over the shops and started robbing What was left. The higher officers Took to searching the Jewish speakers of the Manifestation. If any of them did himself Hidden, were taken theirs 168 Dads were beaten so that they could be married. Gen uncover the secret of theirs Children. It is literally a miracle that those Night is over a human sacrifice, Both the Bund and the Fuel Zion have Had to, fold "their red fan, Until better times come. And. At present there is no certainty For life and not for property. I'm alive In fear, "from hand to mouth." What does one not do for a living! M'fort In the neighboring cities and even in the Further places, as far as Warsaw, are concerned Goods and products. If there are young people, Bring them also material, Lithuanian- Rator, Yedioth, The adult youth comes together Almost every evening, mostly in private homes, Discuss,. Listen ,. Chat and immerse the Foundations for the forthcoming movement of Working in the Land of Israel. In those difficult Sepo Darzain Days also arose the Hebrews School. Where did those active guys come from? And girls business courage and energy, together- Took the sparks and scattered them in a Fiery love to Israel, to the Revival of Hebrew, to mankind, To the own people, to the peace Peoples-love in the whole world1 When I remember the figures of those Days, of those debates, of those activities, - None of them finds themselves now with Us - when I think about the sharp Analysis and hot arguments while reading Newspaper articles and discuss them, When talking about songs and stories I come to the conclusion that they are this Was the teacher of an entire younger generation. Unfortunately, only a few of them are eligible Were to survive the years of destruction and comings In the Jewish state. A group of girls active in the "Chrener Library" Sepo Darzain 169 After revolutions and riots / Moshe Shedeltsky When the first news reached Derchin about The October Revolution, in 1917, erupted in joy in the town, Demonstrations and rallies were immediately held in honor of the Mahababa The great. Red flags flown in the streets, greetings Rims would march and sing songs of the revolution. With The great awakening began the activists, educated The city, forming parties and giving hefty speeches Flames, it seemed, because here came redemption. And I'm then a 10-year-old boy, looking with puzzled eyes: What happened here? According to my grandfather, the late R. Avraham, will come Redemption with the coming of the Messiah, Zion will be redeemed and the language Hebrew will be our language. And why suddenly sing In Russian Revolution songs and demonstrators in the streets 1 As a small child I was also carried away by the current of joy. I remember the heated arguments I listened to Behind the door of the teacher who lives in my late parents' house, There were discussions and debates on how to bring about freedom And redemption for the whole world and for the masses of Israel, And I almost believed that this was the end of suffering and suffering. Pele. I saw the brave guys, who took They have control of the city, joining the army The red. Rumors spread that the property was being divided The rich among the door of the people, a new world has arisen, everyone Be equal, as small as large, as rich as poor. Not long ago there was joy in our town. The Po- Lenim came to Drezien, the holders of revolutionary rule Retreated with the withdrawal of the Red Army. The young people of the city Immigrants began to move overseas. The city was emptied From young forces, rumors began to come about Ukraine riots. We also felt the dresain The arm of the "Alarchics", who were clipping Old men and wigs and beatings, and the Jews were shut up In their homes and afraid for tomorrow. There is a crisis again In the souls of the young people of the place, who saw that more Redemption is far from the Jews and that many were wrong and even Continue on the wrong path. The Jewish parties The leftists went underground, With the Balfour Declaration, the Zionist movement arose To resurrection. At the initiative of several activists, my children gathered The city, waved a white light blue flag and sang songs. Save I still remember that big day, when she grew up Our hope is that redemption will come to the Jewish people. We graduated from the "Culture" school, which was founded on the initiative The educator d. The late Alper. We grew up, we already knew what Our role and how we should face the future, Chi Fulfilling our dreams of immigrating to Israel and joining Bonnie The homeland. In 1925, even before a branch was established The "pioneer" in Darzain, the first pioneers to leave. In 1926 the Hechalutz branch was founded, we started to introduce The houses have KKL boxes, there is a turning point in the town, it has grown The sympathy for the Zionist idea. We started working multiply- You went to the branch. It was a great experience for us to receive A newspaper, a thing, "which reached the Rabinowitz family Gather and read from the newspaper about what is happening in the country. We expanded the cultural work, kimono circles For the study of the Zionist movement, the labor movement Zionist-Socialist and the kibbutz movement in Israel. We dreamed of going out for training and immigration, collective There was no training around us, so we tried to set up A kibbutz hachshara on the farm of "Fritz" is known in Sag- Seasons, but we have not succeeded in this experience. We started Looking for work in Jewish homes. The only job There was a division of trees, and we also got this job In great difficulties. Not everyone agreed that, Yiddish Children "will work hard. The events of 1929 caused a great awakening At the Hechalutz branch. The young people were ready to go up And to join the defenders, but unfortunately not willingly The young men determined that if the parents' refusal To allow the rise of their sons. And yet rose in the same This year 4 members. In 1930 there was a crisis in the branch The pioneer,. Some of the friends immigrated to Israel. Some Emigrated to Argentina, leaving a small handful carrying a yoke The work in the branch. The Betar movement and Rob were founded The youth joined their ranks. We were on a standstill At the branch, to acquire friends and fans and enact the The pioneering movement, Kimono the Poalei party Zion ZS, and some school teachers joined 10 To its ranks, along with several activists from the ranks of owners- The craft. The party was the guardian of a branch The striker. To expand our lines' we opened Evening classes for general studies, and by that we succeeded Add to our ranks the working youth and my husband- The craft, which left the non-Zionist parties, I remember that we also came to a meeting on behalf of the Bund We, some members of the pioneer, and after the lecture we asked Speech Authority. We said what we said, and after That the lecturer saw that we have a fan base in the audience, he replied We are not interested, but in a joke in this language: - Rich kids play, everyone brings the His toys he received - from his parents; A boy approached Poor and wants to join the game. Ask him: What The toy you brought? The boy picked up his shirt and said: I have, Popik, a cartilage. Laughter erupted in the hall. No. I was offended, I asked permission to say a few words, I said I understood the hint, but one thing is not The Bundai lecturer knows, and is that this navel gets Book Thirty Hold his food, and so do the people of Israel Yigal Chi Back to our mother, to the land of the Land of Israel, to nourish and live From her. The audience applauded me. A craftsman who was Known for his inclinations to Communism he patted me on the back And said: "You have convinced me!", And joined the fan While his son joined the He - Chaluts movement. We set up a branch , The "worker" and some artisans registered for aliyah. And between them s. Beckenstein, who was the branch operator. Unfortunately the gates of the aliyah were locked and our friends Could not get up. The mood in the city was without Zionist doubt. The movement to working Israel has grown in our city, Jews contributed favorably to the Zionist and non-Zionist enterprise Interest in everything that was done in the country was great. In 3 members left the Hechalutz branch for training, part Of these, the increase in certificates was approved and some increased Aliyah B. Not everyone was able to ascend and many of them Perished by the Nazis or fell in the woods as partisans, May their memory be blessed! Branch, the Pioneer "in 1925, with Minkowski's visit Book Thirty: = JNF Committee, 1926 JNF Battalion, Tribe 1930 12 Sepo Darzain In front of the palace a group of derechin girls Speaking of thirteen 15 A group of young people A farewell banquet for Schmerl Mishkin 124 Home: School, Culture "/ The School, Culture "was founded in 1918 by The late David Alper and Favel Einstein. A group of mothers, Among them are Fruma Bilostotsky, Rachel Shlovsky, Sara Leah Gelman and others, approached the late David Alper with an offer And a request to establish a school. He willingly and the institution responded Opened, first for first and second grades, with teaching staff Locals. The "Tarbut" school received the furniture Which had previously been used by the German school in M.I. The occupation in the First World War. No and so on School for his own building: Even when he came to be a boy Four and five classes resided in rented rooms, of which Spaces are full of light and small ones without light Enough. Despite this the atmosphere was good in the classrooms, The relationship between teachers and students was a coaching relationship And respect, Eliezer Tatz, one of the pioneers of Hebrew in Dartsan Book Thirty From a group of students David Alpr Despite the shortage of textbooks, the limo- Dim OK, Hebrew in Hebrew. The breaks were spent The teacher between the hildit outside. It helped create The good atmosphere between them. Not for every house she lived in The school classroom was a fenced yard: in such cases The children spent the break on the street and filled it The commotion of a game is accompanied by mixed speech in Hebrew. The adults would pass by the children, listening And marvel at the wonder of speaking in the Holy Language. All the Jewish residents of the city would live the School events: When a gymnastics class is held (outside, Lack of hall) - many were the curious ones who surrounded The gymnasts: a procession or a trip if they have passed In the city streets --- there was a crowd of toddlers and adults Accompanies them; And if a show or celebration was held On a holiday or at the end of the year - it was an experience To the whole town. Book Thirty Teacher Shoshana Alper nee Berls Despite the lack of essential external conditions, There was a school inside (full of warmth and a good atmosphere, The teachers gave their power and strength in their efforts Provide students with important values: Knowledge The Hebrew language, love of the Bible. Love of the land- Israel has been resurrected and human love. A school lives every event in the Land of Israel: protection Tel Hai, the death of Trumpeldor and his friends, collecting tools For the sake of Kafa'i. Avraham recalled that Bumen was collecting The tools - and he is then another child among the children - After leaving the pioneer emissaries who raise the Their house and his father donated what he donated - he did not say Enough and secretly brought to the collection place Kashil who took From his house, At the end of the school year, passing exams were held, It was also attended by Supervisor David Alper and committee representatives The parents who formed the Supervisory Board. As long as David sat in a permanent seat in Darchen he was Frequently visits the school, attends classes, Checks the class diary and children's diaries, examines One or two of the students to stand on The extent of their progress. He would keep order 175 And discipline and more than once a trial was held for a student who deviated, When David left town and moved to work In another city, they would wait for him with the passing exams, For it was known that he came to the days of freedom to spend them At his parents' house, Education activists from nearby towns would come To the school, because his name came out in the area as a husband school Educational level. We were very proud of the good name of School and guests who arrived. At the center of the educational work was the action for it The Kahakal. Increased to do in this area the teacher H.. The late Sinai-Miller. Were the students donors and donors? Water. On the eve of Yok they would set up, the bowls of Lod Synagogues and raise the following for prayer Moderator, Clearly, the father-mother house was influenced by illustrations School, which was imbued with a pure national spirit, When the Hebrew language rings in the children's mouths. Wall - Midi; Culture "We have taken it upon ourselves to uphold the Hebrew speech also outside the walls of the school, and producer- Haim was appointed from among the students to oversee existence The mitzvah. Eliyahu Abramovich. One of the founders of Atarbut School 176 2 Teacher Shraga-Favel Einstein The Hebrew question library was on the school grounds And the students conducted it, under the supervision of the Chinese teacher And lent books to Hebrew readers twice Per week. Also a youth movement called "Trumpeldor Association" Existed, wa was long before being Betar. Lag B'Omer would observe the mitzvah of departure Forest a bow and arrow and a procession, with the national flag Marching at the head and after the students a line is queuing up Long of toddlers, mothers with their toddlers, And the students march as Hebrew songs and poems Eretz Yisrael in their mouths, We celebrated Tu B'Shvat, Rosh Hashanah for the trees In the middle of the Polish winter, when fruits, five- Ten "as the students reach out to their preterm infants, sing Songs of Zion and numbers in praise of the land and according to Ruthia, Kalman emphasizes: To this day, he remembers an experience Studying poetry chapters by Bialik or Cherni- Chovsky from the late Chinese teacher, some of whom A garden associated with a song. The Chinese teacher, in his paternal-pedagogical approach, Instilled in us the love of Zion, the Hebrew language Book thirteen And to the Bible. Another note: Every morning when we come to class Who lived in the public house,. Who lives in one of his rooms The late Chinese teacher, we found on the board a verse from The Bible or a riddle. It should be noted that with the cost of the teacher's land Sinai, there was a decline in schools followed by a nose Cessation of existence. It is our duty to recognize here the teachers, who Thanks to them we, students, culture ", are found Here: David Alper - Mace? The school and the first supervisor Shalev, who perished in Pinsk near the occupation of the city in 1941, When the German authorities offered him to stand At the head of the "Judenrat" and he refused. Taken immediately with His 14-year-old son and both were executed, Malka Alpo - in Israel since 1925. Avraham Izikovich - passed in the middle of the year The twentieth to the Soviet Union to his sons, and the connection with him Disconnected. Moshe Winchutzkar - Immigrated to Israel in the Peace Years Shim, currently in Haifa. Zvi (Grieza) Marminsky - a teacher of supreme grace To nature and mathematics. He later worked in cultural institutions Different in Poland. Perished in the Holocaust in Krakow. Teacher Queen Alper Book Thirteen 17 A group of school students in 1925 Shlomo (Salomon) Rothstein - Music teacher, Perished in living rooms, Seidel Amiel - a fiasco man, died in the Diaspora. Yaffa Berezovsky - with her cost to Israel joined To Kibbutz Ein Harod, And last but not least: Rabbi Chaim Zvi Miller-Sinai Teacher Seidel Amiel immigrated to Israel with his family in the spring of 1926. Witness From the events of 1929 he lived in the village of Uriah and from then until Tiger - immigrated to Israel and was a member until his death in 1962 until his death. He lived in Ramat Hasharon. Live Bell Kibbutz Yagur. His days in the country are a real pioneer life. The "Culture" school in 1922 178 Book Thirty My father, the last rabbi of Derechin / Meir Bakalchuk My father et al., The last rabbi of the Rechin, has occupied his entire life With study and research. Of gray morning His voice has been heard without him Was sitting over the books and studying. He thought it was not over yet. Business the source of Torah, and he in Sat for long hours over another issue and Another surprise. My mother has been without bees since morning Late in the evening took care of her husband and Children, led as a woman guard the house- Economy. Every awkward problem that has Woke up in our house and in the Family, the mother read and all Arranged in the best manner. We did Always thought that the mother will all difficult- Chains defeat. She has never heard of anyone Help not requested and to no one any complaints Not had. My father is from the town of Sernik, Come to Pinsk. From his childhood without Hot He expressed an urge to study Torah And excelled with his features. The father was one of the first Ptolemies. Dim by Rabbi Yosl Horowitz, Rosh Yeshiva Of Navaredoc. R 'Yosl himself has my fathers Given proximity on rabbinate. Later did The father studied at Chafetz-Chaim and also From him obtained proximity. Feels small and breaks when I do Try drawing the character on paper. Ter-features of my fathers. I know, that I'm not called for that. Who knows it Describe the greatness, nobility and chivalry- Laughing figure of a goon, who has Exclaimed enthusiasm comes to everyone, who Was found in his D'Amot. Beyond his proficiency in the sea of ​​Torah And her commentators were the father Great connoisseur of mathematics and history, Literature and grammar. His sermons have Had a name in perfect Poland. Shabbat-Shuva And on the great Sabbath the synagogue was broken With listener of his sermons and his fluff And there were other topics of discussion afterwards Scholars on long months. His main concern was that Jewish kin- He should learn, and he has a lot of effort Laid in the direction. He was faithful His duties, organized the, Tiferet- Boys "and also studied with in- Photographer. When he revealed features came He no longer has a boyfriend Leaving Tsuru and pressed on him he should Study. Not one who has come to Cultural achievements. Had this too Thanks to my dad, the last one- Chiner Rb. Book Thirty For tens of years, the Dad wrote Torah novels. For the time being Feck with writings were collected. Definitely would have been a bigger one Contribution to Talmudic Literature. He Constantly hoped to submit his writings To print, but it was so annoying- I love that a huge amount of work was needed Prepare it for printing. In those fateful days, he found a Concealment for his creation, in a corner On attic. Witnesses testify that the Dad asked a lot of people, they should Read his writings, if any They live stay. Unfortunately, the work of many years is gone With fire along with general catastrophe. Ge 5 - '/ r, 2 2 8}; 4 ייאַ, ס; / 0 A 3 2 B. Y. R. N. 0 28; ון 20) / אה ? Oh and! Hiioi,, + Hun,! Presented 4 Lord Gil Hanan as a living! 06 4 Sub 4,63 is ak 2614 t hhoiya yi hpwt + -? 1: h 6 /? 6 y, / 82: /: 5. / 3J Finn 0/34 2462. Lon, a) Shay C / H; Ha 4 hyen kig 404 14 A 4 16 A? A 44 / M / 1 6 050 2748/231, | א * יה יה 8364 ע"ג (2 יִת הֹח עה 1 ה 4, גתולאי / ז דהן יי 1 איר; 3 I 2441 6 shot, c. ווי תza 1 תט;) ,, 1), 462} ra / 4 h 8 / ". 42 lived 2221 despair, that the wine 1 'outline, 1/6 was IN 5 W 44 / NO +,! SE H 0 Y 4 .42 }: You tilted. : 2 164 Ughght 4 a 2.n. 12 Letter of recommendation from Rabbi Bakalchuk et al For life Lev 179 With money business, the father gave up Held and he has no form-currency Could. The physical side is loot him Was only a means to assure the existence- Tents, in order to be able to serve the Rabshakeh and The church. The caretaker for this was Mom, and it's not that easy for her Arrived because all the rabbis in Poland had come Am I bringing us any to great livelihood Not been The father was Jewish-national And proud of his origin and nation. Yet In the First World War, when the Dad was a rabbi in Stolovich, b Baranovich, he said in the days of the Soviet power welcomed this Catholic Archbishop, the religious leader Of Polish nation. Dad thought, That such a high person of a second religion Must be received with due respect. Shows that the Catholic leader has Said some remaining words, and when He arrived no horodishch, is he Were arrested. He was threatened with death. Penalty. My dad then agreed The Soviet power came and it was him Managed to convince the Bolsheviks that The archbishop has no malice (2672., 2 07 4/36 / ** Y4, 2 4206 2755 222 4 * S. He, / 2 266 {9 5 5822 34 5 42 // 28.12 6 H2 ,,, / = / 2 4 2 60, 22/2 To page 305 46 7 Vi 0 / This RBS confirmation for delegate R. Dov Valitsky 180 Spoke against the power, only withheld A Prayer is according to Catholic custom. The glh is Released. Only a year later, when it's over There was a stable footprint in our areas. Lishe makes, is the father invited Became Polish President Wojciech Kowski, who thanked the father And offered him a concession on tobacco Or alcohol-beverages. - a business of Which could then become rich. Min Dad, as a proud Jew, had this for- Strike not accepted, saying that A RB takes No salary for his human up- Loading. The Polish authorities are literally I was amazed, seeing this for myself Worthy Jew. Dad is excellent Was awarded a Medal of High Rank, however He's never used it before His own interests. In the thirties is the dad Officially invited to be the rabbi In Baltimore, USA. After many years He also rejected the proposal. Throw. He motivated his refusal That he is already living in the Rechin, has his family and grandchildren here, Which come to him every morning to him To say good morning before going to school Teaching, and with his church and family is Him good and blessed. I still remember bees Today, as Dad used to do every morning Stand by the window and wait until the Grandchildren used to hang out on the hill, Between the old school and Bialostotsky House. Are they running, my birds? - The father used to say with great love. And Not once did he say: "In America- Rich I will be a rabbi on advertising, Not because we need Jews, but because A Jewish community must have a rabbi. Here, In Derechin, we need people. Always Is there a Jew who needs advice? Answer to his question, a certain help. And Book Thirty I always find Jews here to chat with Him, to study with him a page of Gemara. I Will not leave Derechin. " So is my dad, the last rabbi of Derechin, along with my mom the sid- Knit, perished in Treblinka. The lovers And the pleasures of their lives and deaths did not part ח 20 27 ,, 1/4 2220 8 2: 4 / 6 0 Hi 2 2k / +29 24,004 2 2200/2 e 4 he 4 44 2: / l, 44 458 Ha 2 42 82 2 yr //, 2/4 יעה 41 377, 264 22/4 :, {it 97 470, / 0 7 36 544 478 21/0: / 22 444 2 4 26 4277 2 227 = 7 7 6 - 064 20 The 5 2 0 5,377 2 / W 3 Ha / 2: y : 46 She il 2022 4 = 007 e- T. ye (De 44 6, 0 6? Correspondence between Rabbi and The committee meeting in Vilga Book Thirteen 181 2 024 45/6 5 32 6 (6 267 47/2162 / Q 2 ר א? // ג '2 מ2- 4 תויאלע- /, 26 016: 258 1241 .9161 3 פכף 45 // 2? 0324 US 0 4 4 Han. 16 Hypnosis a 12 2 64 marble 22 4 4 R + / y? Pin, hi 2035 er //, =, יי {0 י הע 0 יש 5נג) 48 4 יזר =: 8 2 י // '/ 543 / ײ / 9) * / + ז 22044 ,,, 2 3 Ator Mi / 5 4 4 4 7 * / / 7 / zzz h) 074 2 3056 12 5 2t? / * / D4isuss2y2: ite0 6 + // א it / 8-72.6-3- 14 4 0 4 4 / י 4 כסי אי א: אייק יעקב / : / Exit. 4228 222 40 244. // Yi gi;) song N. 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Ay 10 u 746 6 B 225 Y "2- GCF,: et, 4 4462 6 /// 6 124 8 Y? / 4604 z / tsarkiet- 97 min / * / 22 27 20 Shueetzi- Bissa //} n {0 6/25 ר ס עה 54 אחץ ען יי 0720 | 326 Eclodg 20 8 Letter regarding Derechin's activities to the Ved Yeshivot 182 Book Thirty The saint Rabbi Gaon Dederzain in Kaltsiak ztl / Rabbi Chaim-Haikel Greenberg While I was studying in Baranowitz he was there: a thing - To listen to the sermons of Rabbi Mestolowitz, and Lonim was accepted by us as a preacher and a great orator In the supreme grace of Rabbi Dederzain. Famous was the rabbi HaKadosh ztl 14 as the man of the spirit who conquers hearts In his words. Has a religious vision, has divine inspiration And the subject of the supreme principles of truth and goodness, Of kindness, humility and honesty was the rabbi in Klatsiuk. His name Went before him. Because a great smart student was, Becky And sharp in the laws. As the leader of his community he found contact with me- Their homes are not only of wise students, but of Lots and lots of home-: Israel. As a shepherd from his shepherd ICL to grant to every Jew wherever he is a Jew Shelter, refuge, advice and guidance even in matters of Retim. The house of the late rabbi was the symbol of Holiness and purity, charity and kindness and love of Israel To the people of the town and its surroundings. The holy rabbi knew To guide the members of his congregation in the ways of Torah and deeds Good, Not only in his speeches he won hearts, but also More in his personal character and in the leadership of his congregation, hers Dedicated all his days, energy and power of influence no There was a lack of tedious and tedious life worries - However, he did not neglect even one day of study The Torah, because the verse was always before his eyes: Anar At the foot of your words and light for my path. " I remember, in Baranovich and in the living rooms. When appeared The awareness of Rabbi Madrzen's sermon was The court is filled with a large crowd from all walks of life, Who came to hear his words flame-burners, who Were heard from his mouth in order to bring the hearts of my sons to- Rael to their heavenly Father. The building committee, with Rabbi Bakalchuk, at the building of the Yavneh school Sepo Darzain From many of the people and natives of Darchen and not only From the mouths of religious, but also secular that still remains In their hearts something from Dad's house and town, I heard Words of appreciation in memory of the 14th Holy Rabbi. These and those prefer the rabbi of the type The old, the figure engraved in their memory from the town, The spiritual shepherd of the city. And so it was The holy rabbi of Darchin. Just as the shepherd leads His herd and is in the collection, so that the herd will not feel That he is behaving, except that it seems to him that he is walking Himself, and in fact he goes the way and in the direction of his name- Let the shepherds go - yes, the rabbis also shepherd Israel. That is why the late Rabbi Madrchen Kari Shama fought The influence of the rabbinate will be harmed. Says was, that if Grace and peace will be taken from the rabbis their influence and authority - There may be a disaster for Israel and a collapse Spiritual of all Judaism, The late Rabbi Klatsuk was privileged to sanctify the name of heaven In his life and sanctify there heaven in the multitude - that fell upon Sanctification of the name at the hands of the murderous Nazis. Respect in his memory. Oh who will give us in return! By the wall of the Great Synagogue, - Children of Yavneh School with the Teacher and the Superintendent. Inmitten m. Feldman 183 2 a 4 /, that 2621 Fick yourself 2 TD {1 A 2 via straw 1 Ig (: 8, s al {/ ether 7 // ne Il nie she ve a Ei 0 = / Ei 2 0 0 0: Ye 22 Fe 522 / Latin J. עי עין ז / ם נע ניפי / נ / רי יל 02 A. There is US - A. A.: 1 2002 4 4 6 6 At? 0 ו 4 /; ו / יקי אין * ///! פף יי 74 y, / n, = rcts * (/ a fitzkigi bo Mesh and 1a / 5l and 4 R ei {/ bya kun * fil 4 {; gwik ak Yin A = 16 an) on Tekkin Syugggtsu)) 2 see / f עו = 1 eyeki 2 6 אי יא גב א איג וו, ני 28 4 At a day "( Al Kush AA 1 ,, UT Z 1 ILILIUM -IF ? ' {Vi / a y} B1 Feel + awake List of Spender Phone And to the meetings 184 Book Thirty The Yavne-School / Ekhe Petrukhovich With the Ibn "school were occupied The urban businessman Hirsch Beckenstein, Burl Walitsky, Mendel Feldman, Burl Polachek, Mitten Rav, Rabbi Bakalchuk, at the head. The rabbi It was customary to come in every Friday School and hear the children, All Jewish children of Derechin Habs Studied in the school and the parents have Salary Shkhrilimud. Poor believers Have paid according to their means. So. Have Jews ever done so to their children Should receive a Jewish education, The evenings, forums, are well remembered. Attitudes towards the Yavneh School Arrange on certain holidays. The children Present, and the teacher, middle principal Firewood at the top, have put in a lot Work on preparing the children for theirs Imaginations. In particular, Name the teacher Leah Elferen, Eliyahu Abra- Moviche's niece, who used to do The main work of organizing and directing Siren the performances. During the "evenings" also used to be open rides World A buffet. Mid prepare and manage this Buffet, which also used to carry a gift Book Thirty Vice income for the benefit of the school, along with the middle "Sell tickets to the fountains," they said Held by parents and business people. The buffet Was "uploaded", went - Gen from house to house and every one has Taxed with what he could For buffet. Cantor Beshkin's son-in-law, Tom- Bolsky, Rebecca's husband, me! Chon and Shochat, Used to prepare the meat, mothers care Prepare the pastry and sweets, parents care This is all arranged in the hall of the fore- Attitude - A lot of people have done it And worked for the success of the Ibn " In the evening In may until now not forgotten a ge- White Purim performance by the school children, They presented the Book of Esther. Esther The queen was Moshe Mishkin's daughter. 165 Terl, Ahasuerus' role played ab- Ihm zlatagures zunele, life. Parents, Ta- Tess-mothers, teacher, brothers-sisters and Just about all Derechins have business landed Of the children’s performances. And every Hanukkah was lit at school Chanukah-candles, sung Chanukah-songs and Also made performances. Ei With the arrival of the Soviets in 1939, is The school crossed in Russian. Among the teachers Were Hayke Mishkin and Hayke Dvoretsky; Natural science has learned Alter Skrabon, Burl Granovskis A Schwo- Convert, That was the beginning of the end From the former Ibn "school. Purim performance at the Yavne school in 1937 1866 Book Thirty Guilds of his brother T. Krslansky - Kindergarten of the Kresl Sisters Reslansky Book Thirty 187 Beitar and Tzohar in our town / m. In Klatsiuk, a. Beckenstein, K.. Abramovich Like all Polish cities and towns, it was In Darzain there is a Zionist and pioneering movement. At the end The 1920s and early 1930s were not This movement is active and has not attracted its ranks The youth, who aspired to activism and a social framework, In it he will be able to find an opportunity to live an ideal life Cities and prove his national loyalty. His appearance The exciting of the great leader Zeev Jabotinsky Among Eastern European Jewry, especially after Mao- Reut 1905, aroused our youth from Ter- His image. The magic of this Zionist leader worked And activated many of the young people of our town, even before they saw Him and heard his words. As headquarters-magic attracted His personality masses youth and also adults into ranks The Betar movement From 1927. It was one of the fall evenings of that year, When we were called to sit in the brothers' house Vilnius. Admittedly, we have already forgotten from our hearts some boys Attend the same meeting, which we had many Interest and importance, but some of them were engraved in Ronno, and they, besides the brothers Shimon and Moshe Vilnzeik (Chemistry in Canada), - Shlomo (Sioma) Shlovsky Zil, the late Yehoshua Shedeltsky, the late Yaakov Sker, Elijah Abramovich (now in the United States), etc. These lines. That evening, Betar was founded And began her action with great enthusiasm and devotion Without limit, We did not assume then, that the theory of citrus, which we absorbed To its content in the Beitar education, will bring quite a few From our friends to the ranks of the partisans and guide them In the bitter battles against the Nazi aggressor during the Holocaust Israel in World War II. A Betar was active in Darzein, until the outbreak of the Hot September 1939. Most of our youth Betar branch headquarters with representatives of the training company 188 Book Thirty Betar girls' company with members of the headquarters Join our ranks. Among the activists and operators We bring up several names: Arie Beckenstein, Avig- Dor Shlovsky ,. King of Survey, Avraham-Hirsch Kol- Kowski, Yaakov Azov, Eliyahu Lipshovitz, Arie Kraslanski, Shmuel Koren, Mendel Grazyuk, the brothers Meir and Shmaryahu Mishkin, Hanan Abilovitch, Zeev Shelkovitz, Zeev Agolnik and many others. Number And Zahbarim grew and over the years Betar became popular Not only for the youth, but also for the parents. To Coming to Betar, our parents were not used to the Histadrut Youth in uniform, practicing exercises Sports and military. Seeing the action of education and hel- Thank you, who runs the evenings at the club, for buying The mind and education and adherence to the tasks that are- Hila Betar for her gums, the adults also started to respect And like the organization, where concentrated and active Their young sons and daughters. Betar has also performed on various occasions, during the holidays National of the Poles, in parades along with Polish youth. The nice appearance of the Betars In these celebrations, their march in total military order, when they Obey the orders of their commander - and he is one Of them - aroused respect and admiration among the Poles Towards the Jews of the town and its youth, Ed In the 1930s she settled in Darzian happily Lonsky, who came from one of the surrounding villages. The daughter The senior of this family, Xena, joined Betar. From day one, Xena stood out in her dedication and in Her activity until the day she immigrated to Israel was the wind The beast in Betar. With her willpower and lecturer she overcame For her disability and common sense, in her talent for consideration And in her great wisdom she was at the head of her enterprises and operations Of Betar, in whose way a whole faith was believed. Her house was open to all, to which the visitors came On behalf of the government and the Betar Commission. Her advice has always been won For attention and often things were determined by origin Fairy. She was privileged to immigrate to Israel and live there She died at the cost of her life, leaving behind a family. Her memory is sealed in the hearts of her relatives and friends Mimi Betar in Dratzien, After the events of 1929 it was founded in our town Also a branch of the IDF Alliance. Among the organizers and Book Thirty Activists were: Zvi Zlotogora, Arie Kushnir, Shimon Wilentsaik, Yosef Rabinowitz, Yasha and Lemf Rodenstein, Dr. Shlovsky, Moshe Kostin, Miriam Podlishevsky, Lyota Bekenstein and others. To Betar Served as a solid public backing of the Mebo- We live. Visited both Revisionist organizations On behalf of the Center and the Commission, speakers and activists, such as Dr. Lipman, Dr. Unichman, Captain Janowski, Wolf Amber and others. Everyone finished the praise on The magnificent branch in Darzein, The Betar branch has established a library for every Daqfin. Books were purchased from several movement activists Many different. At the library openings knocked out- Rim and also graduates, to enjoy borrowing the books, Among them is the Betar literature, which infected many Adherence to the teachings of the head of the movement. The Drachina nest exists in a recognized training company The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. For the completion of the training A certificate was awarded and quite a few were allowed to immigrate to Israel 189 For Peggy the outbreak of war. Many friends of the nest did Their training for aliyah at various training points of Betar in Poland. Toquia in Italy A brother was sent: the Kalman headquarters Abramovich. A In the 1930s, anti-Semitism increased in Poland The whole of hatred for Yahweh was well felt throughout and also in Darzein " Dim. A group of Polish thugs began to Live among the local Jews and provoke riots in the town. The Betar headquarters decided to put an end to the provocations These. The task was assigned to a group of perpetrators, Who was not frightened by the risks involved in such an action In Poland of those years. An ambush was set for the gang The thugs and loyal beatings were inflicted on her. After The anti-Semites then stopped the provocations The cheeky. The town breathed a sigh of relief and everyone praised And praised the brave Jewish youth, who knew Stand at the gate ahead of time, The IDF Alliance in Dresin in 1930 190 The Betar Club was the only one in Darzein that It was held every evening, every evening This week and on Saturdays. The club was always full Teens of different ages and also adults. All these Were divided into groups according to age and on each return- Where he was in charge was a commander. The nest headquarters dropped the The various positions (General Command, Secretariat, Gas- Ruth, organization, culture, military training, etc.) on Its members and each of the headquarters took care of the fulfillment of the Kidds imposed on him. Every evening they were held at the club Lessons and lectures. More than once the parents were Appoint to the place and find their children when they are busy- Nim for class, or engaged in various games. Betar operated until September 1939, until the outbreak The war and the entry of the Soviet army into the territories of Bilu- Western Russia. When these territories were occupied In! 194 by Kalgasi Hitler and the extermination of the Jews began " Dim in every city and town, were members of Betar Mahara- Are different from the activists in the resistance movement in Darzein Book Thirty And in its forests. In their lives, in their fighting and in their deaths they were A masterpiece of defenders of Israel's honor. Their memory is preserved In the heart of each and every one of us and all of us raise their names In the vibration of holiness. Commander of the Betar branch in Darchen And Commander of the Betar Slonim District, Shlomo (Suima) Shlovsky, was the epitome of citrus theory. Man Culture, medical student, humble, noble and husband Influence on his commands, quiet and settled in his mind - Was acceptable to all of us, his peers, who received him in- Honorable people appeared within us. Along with many From our youth went out into the woods and in the acts of revenge against The German oppressor did not know seven, until his uncle fell In the battle, in an attack on a dairy that supplied milk to a resident " Dishes. His parents, his brother Avigdor, a member of the nest headquarters, And his two sisters,. Sima and Zipporah, too, fell In the forests. Eliyahu Lifshovitz, a Betar man from Shachar His youth, a member of the nest headquarters, is devoted to his movement and from Filled every role with loyalty, was one of the warriors The goats in the forest as deputy commander of the partisan battalion of Tzahar Brit - Farewell to Eliyahu Abramovich Book Thirty Dr. Atlas. When the Doctor was wounded by death In battle with the Germans, he handed over command of the battalion To Elijah, who led his warriors from victory to victory. Much has been written about Elijah's glorious deeds And was awarded the Red Army Medal of Merit. Our Elijah did not get to immigrate to the land of his hopes - He fell at the hands of Polish murderers from the ranks of Ik. In the city of Lignitz. Zvi Zlotogora and David Dombrowski, Of the IDF and Betar loyalists, fell in battles with the corps- The situation in Darzain. Dozens of Betar trainees remained faithful to the doctrine Betar: "/ I will carry my arm for the protection of my people", they fulfilled This dream actually went away. Remembered to the last days In our homeland fighting for its existence, 191 Betar training company in Darchen With the nest hidden A group of Betar members on a terrace in front of the club 12 Sepo Darzain Betar Training Group Along with colleagues from CN A prime day for the , Posh commander A group of friends with Moshe Shedletskin, Derechiner's soldiers in the Polish army, For his aliyah knit - Abraham Kvlakovsky Sepo Darzain 193 In the service of the Darchen / Eliyahu Harmon Jewish community In 1926 I came to live in Derzif To live - and not settle down, because I have aspired for years My youth was immigration to Israel, At my parents' house, I recorded stories as a child Different about Darchin and her community, but in a different form The town is completely imaginary to this day, As I have seen and known well during my years of residence In it. Memory of the community, its character, way of life and customs Visits me often and I try to upload The image of the town in these memories of mine. Darchin was a beautiful, clean and developed town, Adorned with a charming view and a crowded environment. Street Zelva was led to the nearby Zelva train station And there was a kind of opening to the wider world; From the street Slonim led the way to the district town, where Many of Darchin's young people studied and you were connected The town is in thick trade, family ties. Ther- Booths, social institutions, etc .; , Deutsche Gus "Holy To the villages and estates and nearby towns. His- The six streets mentioned above, which served as openings to the grandfather- In the near and far, they bordered on the big and wide market In the center of Darzein. As I remember the population numbers from year 28 The community of Darzan numbered about three thousand Soul, which were 7296 of the total inhabitants of the town. Most of the Jews in Dretsin were men of action and my husband March and initiative in matters of trade and craft, of which - Grain traders, owners of flour mills and workshops And a factory, but most of them are tiny shopkeepers and owners Craft. They all worked and created from the necessities of clothing, footwear, Various tools and utensils for the sorcerer The multiple Lucia of the rural environment. In the days Market and fair would come many thousands of villagers, And whoever had a store in and around the market, is guaranteed Was his livelihood. The feature for Market Day was noticeable All days of the week, but on Market Day itself it was Darzein takes on a different shape and takes on a character New: Everything is boiling and bustling, rushing and running, pushed And provokes and seeks - the Jews in the offer of their goods And the peasants in their shopping. Only as evening fell did it subside The storm and the town have returned to their calm state. The face of the public has changed These faces of market days, who have left their mark About the life of the town and its livelihood, I remembered Messi- Puri my parents you heard in my childhood, but Penny The community itself and the character of the Dresden public We changed in the years after the First World War The purpose of the change. A new generation has arisen. More educated, Search more in his opinions and have broader connections With the world than his ancestors, who lived all their lives Within the boundaries of the town and its surroundings. Appeared and acted in the fleet A pit of different political parties, each with Activists' circle and meeting place. The young people who remained In town and did not wander the distances beginning to take over On the social and cultural life of the town. New ideas excite the youth: Zionism, Socialism, pioneering. The "landlord" who ruled For many years the Jewish community disappeared Slowly and instead of the crowd-attacks come the elected of The people, of, your people, "who began to speak. However, the Jewish tradition has not completely disappeared And it is also maintained in the advanced youth circles. Still Young visitors to the town on Saturdays and holidays at home- The Knesset and still in these synagogues constitute a center of Arguments and propaganda from the right and left parties Both, In those years, about which I recount in my memoirs These, were activities in Darzian the Zionist parties General, Poalei-Zion (ZS),. Betar and to some extent Also H. Bond ", Many, many of the young Darzen came out in the same Years their town, traveled to study in other cities And finally emigrated for the most part from Poland, which is in it Could not expect a seductive future, and went to the lands Far away. Part of the younger generation was connected 194 In the pioneering movement and immigrated to Israel. It was important Hence any addition of young people. Who came From other cities to Darzein, they settled in it and gave By their power and vigor to her public life, An official Jewish community, with an elected committee, no Were still present in those 1920s and in the audience The local then ruled, "Committee," chosen by a handful Of landlords. This institution saw itself, though, As the sole representative of the Darchen community but not There was some action on his part and most of the work The public was made by the Zionist Organization In the city. Activists and public figures There were quite a few among the residents of Dretsin Ltd., Who devoted their time and energy to the needs of the public, in his life " Tam is active in various institutions. We will mention a few Of them: such as R. Moshe Shlovsky and his son Yehuda (Dentist), R. Mendel Feldman, Chairman of the Grades General, R. Boma Grachuk, R. Fable Blin- Nyansky, R. Eliyahu Abramovich, father-in-law of a writer + M 6,), v +666 n Book Thirty These memories R. Moshe Rabinowitz, R. Eliezer- Hanoch Alper - Head of a family of educators And Torah beaters. Their home was the center of Zionism Activated. Each of these public figures, and you are many more From the members of the Darchen community, he had his virtues and His own sons, were among them wise-students and Containers, firm in their minds and comfortable to people, but They were all loyal to the roles they took on And constituted the serious and sincere public nucleus of The Darzein community. The House of the Alps, where they would meet every day Darchin activists and young women, reading newspapers and Debates on general, Jewish and Zionist issues, He was always in the spirit of the family member. David The late Alper, the great and dedicated Zionist educator, who His penchant for the younger generation in Drzain was great as well In the years of his absence from the town, when he headed Hebrew education in Pinsk, where she also immediately died The German murderers, Polks-Luh? Schoff, Sheket 2 Book Thirty And if I recall the memories of some of my loved ones The Darchin community, will fulfill a sacred debt to his name and memory Of childhood friends, son-in-law of R. Eliezer Alper, And he is R. Isser Lampert, a member of a privileged family From Klatsk, where he and his wife and all also immigrated His family members on the sanctification of the name during the Holocaust. Was Zionist from his youth and worked hard for the redemption of the land. I will remember and not forget one of the most important in the community, R. Dov Polchuk, an enthusiastic Zionist, orator and debater With opponents of the idea of ​​resurrection of the people and the land. I would like to mention many more community Jews Darchin, and if I miss some of them - I will ask Forgiveness from their descendants who live among us. Are known And honored were the heads of the Ratner, Zelikowicz, Weinstein, member of this family Zalman Weinstein, Fire Chief and involved in city and naval affairs Bor, Zvi Bekenstein and his son-in-law Avraham Ravovsky, Ben-Harav, one of those who came from abroad to Darzein and acted In its Jewish public. And were important landlords And modest, "hidden to the vessels," who did not interfere Although in business; politics ", but we always responded To the inquiries of the activists and many did their good deeds Secretly - all are honest-hearted, do their work in their mother- 195 Na, R. Shmuel Bekenstein, R. Shalom Sker, R. Zeev (Vela) Rabinowitz, whose two sons, David and Yaakov, They are among the first Darchen pioneers in the country, Eliezer Shedeltsky, Gorinovsky and their elder R. Yehuda-Shmuel, A righteous and honest man, a member of the older generation, R. Yosef Mishkin, R. Aryeh-Leib Bialostutsky, R. Meir- The well-known "Feldsher" will be saved. And I will remember the rabbi of the community, the late, the rabbi The genius R. Zvi Beklachuk, one of the greatest Torah scholars in the world The rabbinate, with a proud face and an excellent speaker, It is our duty to remember and mention many good people from Booth Ha'am, among the laborers, as the blacksmith deer Slonim Street; Mordechai Zambrowski and Noah Lipsho- Beach, one of the "Bund" activists, who dealt in good faith and honesty In public needs. And again I must ask the forgiveness of those, who I did not name them by name, as far as our memory is concerned Built after so many years of disconnection from the past That was and is no more, Before the election to the community committees As I mentioned above, it was not yet over The Twenties Committee was elected, and the "Committee" Blessed-nte Glinkowski with his family in front of their house 16 Act on your own. The organized and active force In the town he was concentrated in the Zionist Organization, which in It was headed by some of the city's most important people - R. Mendel Feldman, R. Eliyahu Abramovich, R. Berl Polchuk, R. Eliezer Alper. The young people joined for the most part To the Poalei Zion Party (ZS), whose activists were Shedeltsky, Rozovsky, writes these columns. The action for the funds, various cultural enterprises And attempts to influence community management matters And its institutions were in the hands of the young, who did their work With the help of the general grades. Was active as well A small brigade of extremists, from which it grew Then the Revisionist movement and Betar. Their views often caused quarrels and quarrels Inter-party. The Bond did not sit in a hug either Hands and interfered from time to time with Zionist action and included Public work. Praise be to the people of Darzin, That the quarrels never brought about any rupture In the institutions of the town and usually ended in compromise and later Cooperation, Quarrels between factions of the public broke out mainly on the ground Cultural action - around the library. The band The dramatic and so on. In those years, the Mileva Fund was established. Committee members Its been in. Grachuk, a. Alper (who served as treasurer) The fund), m. Feldman d. Poltzuk, Elijah Chaim Valitsky and writes these memoirs. The box office struggled For its existence and operation in many difficulties, the whole situation- A vessel of the Jews of Darchin worsened from year to year At that time in all the cities of Poland, Members of the Poetz (ZS) were organizers, with participation The grades, lecture evenings,. Held twice In a month in the house of the community (, the community 'gate Moyer), in the neighborhood of the Dvoretsky House in the square The city. During the day the place was used as classrooms And in the evenings meetings and meetings were held there, There was also a charity fund, a visit Sick (in tiny Anpin). Occupied a respectable place in the city The fire brigade company, headed by Zalman Weinstein He cared for her with devotion and nurtured her until she was To the glory of the city. This state of partisan activity "and the management of Moss- Religion by various public bodies lasts up to a year 8, until the law was published on behalf of the authorities Sepo Darzain Poland, which requires the establishment of an official Jewish community, With selected institutions, which will manage the institutions Jews and will be subject to the supervision of the authorities, Elections to the Community Committee As in all Polish cities, there has also been a devastation. Salutation among the Jewish public and its parties towards Establishing the community and choosing its institutions. Legislation The communities were valued among the Jews as an important achievement In the struggle for the autonomy of Polish Jewry in her life Internal-National, The young people of the community were active in organizing the elections And much of the preparatory work was done by men Poatz - ZS All the Jews of Darchin were registered and hooked- Gave them the right to choose. It was the first time That the Jews of Darzein were preparing for democratic elections, Generality and secrecy,. Of their community committee. There was a lot of commotion in the town. Election Commission Assembled by party key. Filed for filing Lists of 11 members of the community committee, As determined by the authorities. Three lists were submitted: Zionists and Poalei Zion (ZS),; Bond? And just my husband- Houses, Election day was truly a holiday in the deception About 85 percent of the town's Jews went to the polls And elected to the community committee 8 representatives from the list The Zionist and 37 from the "Bund" list. The first meeting, the founder, of the community committee It was stormy because the committee's management was elected. After reading and quarreling and quarreling among the members of the lists Among themselves elected as chairman of the community committee writes These columns, as his deputy was elected a representative of the "Bund" and as treasurer R. Eliyahu Abramovich. Among other committee members Various roles were divided in the areas of operation of The community, The community office was open three times Per week, of course in the afternoon and evening, to That the elected may be able to fulfill their role properly, since That they were not paid any wages for their actions. At first the community committee had many actions And urgent, having in Darcin not done until then Talk to the organization of charities, aid and culture. Neglect prevailed in Talmud Torah, Bikur Cholim And in other institutions. Sepo Darzain The community committee also dealt with their poor economic situation Of the Jews, oversaw the taxation of the Jews by Authorities, depending on the industries and crafts Of everyone. The committee also sent its representatives to Town council. The situation of the Jews was very bad, Many of the shopkeepers and artisans went idle All days of the week, the competition was great And the sources of livelihood dwindled. - From 1928 to 1931 extensive work was done In community institutions: a new home was established for, Talmud- Torah ", renewed the relief and assistance operation of, Kupat Patients "and supervision of all community institutions was instituted. In 19231, before the Polish finish elections, they pressed Poland's rulers over public figures and heads of state Lot, in their demand that they acquire the opinion of the Jewish public And his votes for the list of the Sixth Party 197 Lat. Also writes these columns. Who then served as chairman To the community committee, we will experience this pressure, and therefore submitted His resignation from members of the community committee. With him His friends resigned to the opinion. Only representatives remained on the committee The "Bond" and some landlords, and these continued how- Stay in charge of public affairs, The activities of the members of the Zionist parties - General, Poalei Zion (ZS), IDF - Continued Then. My memory will not be used by members of the opinion, Poets' activists, who despite the worries of earning a living And the family continued to do for the settlement of Har, The redemption of her land and the training of the young people for aliyah, For construction and protection, In 1933 I immigrated with the wife of my youth, Esther The late Beit Rabinowitz, the extensive and well-known family In particular,. To the Land of Israel, Market day 198 Sefer Zedarzein "Visit of the Sick" and "Linat Hatzedek" / Neche Petrukhavich The two institutions, Visiting Hospitals ”and Justice, "the undertakings assumed. Gift to help the poor sick, who have Did not have the opportunity and the need- Effective measures to recover from very ill- Height, "Visiting patients" was busy giving Medical assistance, bring to the poor patient A doctor or a paramedic and care The sick with medicines, "Justice" used to send its members Last night at the patient's bed, to on him to Watch,. Provide the necessary medicine and assistance And enable the family 'lite of this Ill rest after a day of hard work Work and care. In the summer it is customary to ask. Add raspberries and cherries to "warn" To be shared among poor patients. Malines There was a remedy for colds, it was said Take it with hot tea, in order to protect and Relieve the cold. Fried car- Shen have served the sick on refresh His mouth and strengthen a little in case of Severe diseases. Voluntary women used to raise money for it Purchase the fruits in season and too Sugar. The women also used to volunteer To fry the "varienies" and preserve them Until it was time to divide them Among patients, Year after year, I make no mistake This was not the Sukkot holiday, he used to One of the gatekeepers is chosen as the governor From "visiting patients" Jew go collect money on the purpose of Help for the sick and pass this on Governor, so that this may serve the duties of fluff "Visiting patients". Meat, Overnight Justice? Has also led a Gabay or A Gabay. They knew him She has been ill for several days and needs it Himself in help to yesterday lem him, in order to Replace the home light. Then they did Turn to young or old people and Send them to the patient last night. It was not once that people used to fry the wa- Renies "came to my house and I took care of it After watching it should hold up well. When It was necessary to divide it between Sick, someone came to me. Also tools From Linat-Hatzedek, to the various uses of Patients, were coming to me. I was Very interested in the help for Sick and always ready, along With other Jews and women. So is it My husband, Michael Petrukhovich, was active Els Gabay does not have a visiting hospital? Or Alinat- Justice ", and was also a governor in Beit- Midrash and a member in syllables, Psalms- Sower ". And not once do I give myself a thought: Perhaps thanks to this, and thanks to the guys who- If we used to eat, we would live. In the heart 1 Book Thirty 199 Our town in the 1930s / Isar Lev When I recall the town of Darchin, She seems to me as peaceful and quiet about her yeast Was - in those turbulent thirties in Europe Before the outbreak of World War II. From the outside everything Gesch. In Germany, Hitler came to power and his influence It was especially noticeable in Poland. Anti-fermentation Semitic was a political line of government, the situation The economic of the Jewish masses worsened day by day, The sources of livelihood of nerds, merchants were blocked And artisans. Only those who enter before and before the life of the community The Jew in Darzin in those years was present to know, Because there is no peace and there is no peace in the dormitories of Israel. Admittedly, the youth was active in various territories, living The culture continued in their normal course, the children learned And the parents worked hard to keep them warm as ever. But the despair was felt eating the young people of the town Every mouth. None of them saw his future in the town- He was born and dreamed of immigrating to Eretz Israel, and because That it is not possible - for migration overseas And to the ocean. Most of the organized youth were in those The years in the Zionist movements - who in Halutz and Po- Ali-Zion (ZS) and who in Betar and Tzahar. His eyes And the eyes of the youth were married in the distance, Hatred of Israel on the eve of destruction / m. The twenties are fast passing It is the end of 1928. In Poland the Sanitation, at the election to the Seim become the Jews Forced to vote in a village. I're already heard the name of Kartz-Birch, Whither Pilsudski sent his opponents From various circles, The Jews still seem to be sitting in it For another life, better and more beautiful than Life in the place, And only the crowd of "homeowners," the older generation, continued In his traditional way, learning experience and trouble And trusts in the grace of heaven. Under the supervision of Rabbi Damta R. Zviyirsh in Kalchuk ztl The religious, when the rabbi teaches in their homes the old midrash between Guides Maariv to the daily Daf in the Gemara. Sometimes There were R. Avraham Shelkovitz and R. Yitzchak Epstein Read after the morning prayer daily chapter on Niut. In the new beit midrash he would teach the page Gemara R. Eliyahu Abramovich. Chon and Shuv were The young heifer R. Moshe Tubolsky. Medics from Beit Midrash were also occasional to Darzein From other places. Take care of their accommodation R. Zelig Levzo- Baski, from the town's elders, who worked hand in hand with R. Dov and Litzky. Outgoing compassionate women were every Saturday night Ask for Shabbat food for distribution among the poor The place. And the Sabbath would be peaceful, quiet and soothing On the houses of the Jews in Darchin. And no one prophesied in them The thirties what will come and happen later A few years in our lovely town, whose community She was cut down for her boys, her elders and her father - the 14th. Alfer Poland on safe. A part of the forests around Derechin is cut off, Jews turn around Around the woods, compete out the, delian- Shopkeepers buy goods in bills of exchange In the trade-centers, sold on mountain Even the peasants. Bills are exchanged Placed on end of week, one has a few Days to pay: Shabbat - Jews Do not trade, Sunday - maybe God will 200 Send a little redemption, and then there will be Can pay Monday. Sunday needs the shops Officially closed, but the police Do not see yourself when a farmer from the village Sneaks into a store from behind Door to buy something. Jewish youth revolve around joblessness And without a purpose. From year to year everything happens Harder to be accepted in university Sit on the faculty you want Choose yourself. Not everyone agrees on Add the tatns livelihood and set yourself up Sell ​​goods in store or on the market. Tuesday is market day. A day before This is what the Jews want to foresee tomorrow Weather: Will it snow or not? Will rain Is it a sunny day? It's possible Will come more thanks to the beautiful weather Farmers to the Market 1 In Riyadh shops, the women are sitting by the Door and look out a customer on a block, A curtain or a cap. M. sells Goods almost for free "price, please sell, "To have something to do with it, to shoot." Kremerk is jealous of the second, and so on. They all had no livelihood. Jews live day in and day out, Someone has a gift of kindness, some Zlates on to pay a bill, he may not Go on, protest. "Merchants from, Delian- Kess "rushes out, competes out one by one Second piece of forest, I swear with All kinds of weeks that happiness could have Have, when, "the other" should not have Cure the good, the precious, the delian " On market days, Jews walk around the market Sepo Darzain With finished boots, which hang over the Hands on their laces. But Christians buy ever less and Less so among Jews. There are already Christians here Shoemakers in the villages. They did indeed Learned the craft from Jews. The same Is also with tailors or tailors. The government helps the Christian owners Crafts with credit, with new machines too This is how old Jewish pro- Faces of Jewish hands. Jews look out for the postman, perhaps a Letter from children, from a sister-brother From over the sea, and perhaps even a for a dollar. And yet laugh out loud affluent idf When submitting them to submit a part of Their property, together with their children, No Eretz-Israel, Purchase a plot of land:, I Do not stop there "--- they say with mockery. Pioneers sit for many years on training, and No certificates are required. ? Beitar "Macht Parade in his brown blouses. During the thirties All processes sharpened and sharpened. The Anti-Semitism is growing along with the growth of German Hitlerism. The situation in the town becomes worthwhile Hard, but not all run to save themselves from Upcoming storm, And you look at it all and tro- Kast: Lord of the world, do not the people feel, So she lives in a world of chaos? How long can One thus endures 1 In a few years time did indeed come The bloody flood and has it all Wiped. Memories Book Thirty 203 This is how we lived in our town / Khaya Kreslansky They have been gone for more than thirty years Since I left my hometown Derechin, where my cradle stood And I had my childhood and adolescence Spent, but to this day she still stands Alive before my eyes. Every tree, Stew and grouse are engraved In my heart. In order to better remember yourself At every turn, I close my eyes: Here is the big market with the businesses In wheelhouses, the first two are among them Our iron business; Next up pulls up The German street, with its lovely houses, AJ Up to the green fields, which stretch hard- Far, far behind small town; Left-- the "Poster Mountain", where we used to go hiking Saturday afternoon: Next --- The highway that leads To the village of Kachin; The Slonimer street, by Which used to pass no slanim; The same Who Street, half Jews and half Christians, From where the road leads right to the house- Olam and also to the neighboring town of Zelwa With her train station, to whicheverever goes Ride a horse-drawn carriage, shake yourself Good on the length of 12 km and Exhaust yourself well until you get to the train; Right - the forest, where we used to be Go pick mushrooms, raspberries and berries; The new street, and all the other alleys And ultra-alleys; On the market - the Protestant church with garden around, And further, come the barracks - the Catholic koshchol. Sunday quite early The cashew used to ring with His thin gleam-glan and the tserkve used Answer him with her bassoon Bim-bom, bim- Balm. I do not know to this day why the bell- Sounds have always affected me like this Sad. Could be that behind my toys Consciousness was aroused by the over- Life of the Inquisition, when Mhat Ba the sounds of the churches carried Jews to the Shiite-heaps. - - - - - - This line in Derechin is Calm down, everyone has, much- Few, deserves on his livelihood. No big deal Demands for luxury were not met And m was glad to get through this Day, and on morrow - may God care. D Jewish population was employed With various crafts: tailor, shoemaker, Retailers, merchants. Every Tuesday is coming Us was the market day. From quite early From all the surrounding villages gathered- Come the peasants with their fur full With various products: Hiner, your, Pig-hair, sheep, cattle, grain, potato A.d.g., and this hirsute of the horse used to Silence the air. With their horses and Because they used to represent the whole thing Marketplace, so that was impossible Pass. Our women used to go out Shopping bargains, tapping the hind and clown In the feathers to see which sizes Uncle, deal with the peasants, run down This prize and go about the goods. The weight In our business, in such markets- Days not rested. The women used to enter, Even after shopping the reality, consider The onions, beans, to see if there is any Here the weight. So it lasted until Mitak. When the peasants had already had ever pre- Buys, issues them away over the stores Shop for products yourself. They have bought Petroleum, salt, manufacturing, dyes and everything What they have needed. Also ours The store used to be full of customers and people 204 Had to look at them with a thousand eyes, that They should not bring anything from the store. Ruth, even groaning things. Came to us the stone The peasants bought chugunas, emers, shle- Sir, file, saw. The pubs and guest-houses Were full of peasants, who cared Drink and snack and often get drunk, Even so that they used to wander among The furloughs on the market. As usual It was getting dark, and the market place was full. People are offended, the Gentiles are used to Mournful voices linger on their foreheads and Depart into the villages, with a Ringing of the bells on the horses Woods. The merchants and shopkeepers used to take Count the revenue from Market Day Market day and the second has perfect Derechin used and slept and the Merchants were waiting for a customer. Year after year it continued like this, And thus there is no better art life Well, people were happy with that Mhat had. No big sensational Crimes did not occur in Derechin And seldom when did one speak of a Theft. For us children it is life in the Chin was literally an idyll. We take care of ourselves Gather in our large yard. My Elder sister Sarah enjoyed herself One the strong to be the "baker" and making Of sand with water loaves and balls, Protect them with "cinnamon" from a drop- Scratching red brick. She used to "bake" her Sell ​​the other children. Have a weight We made from the boxes of shuvax, Our money is made from these Pieces of broken plate, cooled On a rock. And perhaps we have been eaten Given no good weight, we soon found each other Screamed and --- wept with loud-voices. I myself run a vegetable business ": Tore various grasses and leaves and Book Thirty Sold my customers. When the trade is We got tired of playing Blind blindness - close one's eyes And he had to catch some of us. I remember that during such a game we have Once upon a time there was a flash of lightning, that is Stood on a marble leg. When we got a little older, Have we found a new game: inserted A pole in the ground and far away Thrown on it with a stick order Overthrow him. This game was named Once upon a time such a game had someone Of us broke out with stick a shub There is no beit midrash. I remember that we have All settled down and by no means out- Said the name of the one who has this Injury made. Saturday afternoon we used to go for a walk Between the fields, pass the cashew, This photographer mid-donkey, and turn away from him The glances, asking one another: Well, already through ?! And having a toy child Thor on Jesus not look, used to roof The thieves want to catch a glimpse of him .., This is how we approach the cement, One helps for Falk-Catholics and the Second - for Russian-Orthodox. Then We used to sing, in some voices, until It used to get dark and a pale moon Used to illuminate the photographers and tombstones around. Anxiety tends to attack us and we do Run fast back home. Carefree flowed our children- Years. We learned who in a Room, who in Talmud-Torah and he in the Polish folk-school. We took Booklets for reading from our state Library, then have many of us Joined the various organizations, Like Fuel-Zion, revisionists, Zionists. It's Active in Derechin a dramatic Circle. Much of our youth is gone Book Thirty Learning in larger cities, such as Lide, Slonim, Vilnius. And. The Hebrew culture- School in Derechin stood af a High level --- of you we have attracted the Inuction for our national ideology And to this day, we are grateful to her What she has in our hearts and Consciousness implanted. Except the local Teachers also worked at the school Teacher of the foreigner. I remember until Today the teacher Tsvi Mereminsky of Slanim, Stefania Rusetsky, the old teacher Eizikovich ("Der Mikhuisker"). We have loved and respected ours Teacher, and more of all we all have Appreciate our unforgettable director David Alfer. A sense of awe used to We dominate in the moment when he used to Entering class. I remember his Smile when he used to give us a light Sign with your hand that we should Sit back, after getting up and greet him With a loud, peace, "and then he used to Begin his lesson. I remember his Common words, such as:, today, children, We have Rosh Chodesh Adar, and we enter Adar - Merry Christmas "... for every holiday he has Tell us about its meaning and significance. Historical content, and we have with base- Exercise swallowed every word of ours Educator. Remember the last days of school- Year, the days of Judgment --- of the exams. I work a lot, let alone simply not published these Books by hand, and my heart is full With umru - whether I will succeed and Move into upper class? I hold myself On middle first cry of cock, silent and Unnoticed, so as not to wake anyone up, Let me get out of the house with these Books under arm and pick out a Quiet corner to study. The sun is shining Slowly from the east, the smell of fresh pastry Died from the nearby bakery, 205 And I'll run there for fresh donuts Breakfast. Finally comes the day of the exams, For whom I have so trembled. D Pupils come to school festively dressed. The teachers sit out opposite us with Serious faces. One calls out Each one of the disciples. It's coming too My turn, I answer all questions Clear and distinct, I am particularly good In language, Chumash and Bible Certificate and GI passed into promotion class. In the upper classes we received als Home-work essays and lectures. I ge- Think of one of my works, A.D.T. , Live Orphan and widow "- the life of an orphan and Ann widow. And who has better for me Could understand the fate of an orphan 1 I've been through this since the Kig- The-years. I really remember how I did Began my essay: 'Life is a sea, The parent of the family is the co- Ton of ship. He leads the ship with a Safe hand between stormy waves And hold fast the helm of families- Live, he wrestles with the difficulty, Until he drags his ship to a calm shore, But very bitter is, when the ship loses Her captain and guide. Then there is the ship A toy for the roaring waves .. ", My essay made a strong impression On our teaching David Alfer. He did it Brought to class and read aloud All students. Some of them did it Evoked tears. Then our beloved teacher for- Leave Derechin and moved no pinsk. When he used to on holidays or Vacations come to his parents, he used to He send me call and request copies of mine Works and compositions, so that they may be read aloud His disciples, For many years I kept my school- Working and my diary and taking them with me 206 With itself from Derechin no Belgium, however When the Germans occupied Belgium, Hab I ever lost. This is how we grew up in ours Derech |, 3 z 'stood before us The question: what next? In Derechin in We got too crowded and we had to Himself no perspective not seen. D Youth began to leave the town And wander in various countries. Our mother, who was in us too A free, because we have our fathers pre- Loren after childish, has given us the Maximum and best education, which Was possible in Derechin. She used to Also with us and with our neighbors Spend long hours in conversations and Read us various books. The mother Was a virtuous and wise woman, and Not looking at all the difficulties that She survived after losing her Parents as a young girl and after her Young and beloved man, - she is, after all, virtually Book Thirty Always been full of humor and kindness Mood, My older sister Sarah has ing Married and remained in Derechin, My mother and I left No Belgium, where we have experienced the Terrible period of the German eco- Potion and miraculously survived. I have Lost my young and hot-beloved husband, Which was deported along with The 28 thousand Belgian Jews in the Nazis Death camps. My sister Sarah with her Husband Welwell and their only son Judah'le are Killed in Derechin. They lie In brothers-grave, not far from those places Where we used to go in our youth Decorate, play and sing So we lived in Derechin and Thus our loved ones perished There and from the hometown are us Remaining vicious memories, scorched ruins And mass-graves without gravestones. My grandfather 6 cc / tsirl Kamenetzky My grandfather, R 'Moshe Friedman - R' Moshe Sheine-Haya's - etc., was a Jew a Scholarly scholar, day and night sitting and studying. Behold, I look before my eyes, as my grandfather Used to say the encore for society mishnayos. To us at home used to travel settlement- Nikes from the villages around Derechif. I remember R 'Lib Stein of Shchare, a Son of Volkovisker your R 'Ya'akov-Avraham, With his majestic face, with the beautiful, white Board; And R. Simcha Rabinovich of Groys- Woolie, a son and teacher. Student- Wise, with a pedigree of generations. My dear Grandfather used to spend time with them Shoot. I still remember, like them, like them Devote one to another And their goodness and vanity are Were poured on their faces and Slackened off at every turn and touch, she Used to say so and throw with Torah hints, a book here and a topic there. In the world of fluff and of hints have She herself one the other well understood. This is how the picture stands before my eyes: The samovar cooks, the flash-lamp shines And illuminated our large house. My dear Mommy EH brings in tasty treats And strudels, which she baked herself Book Thirty The distinguished guests drink tea, bite to eat Pastry - our house was our own Articist House-Committee for Sages. My grandfather, with his majesty and awe Heaven did not throw anything at anyone Horror or humiliation through morality and hardness Talk. The trust and respect of others Pious people and Torah people, as well as from Free and not pious, he said Thanks to his purity and nobility. He Was an expert and admirer of R. Zun- Delete the righteous, his right will protect us and all Israel. R. Zundele was a fool A great idler, and my grandfather had him Helped lead the throne rabbinate. When he has Removed R. Zundelen from Derechin Aishishok, has thanks to my grandfather's understanding Held the chair of rabbinate in our town R 'Leib Luner etc. When R' Leib Luner is He was born, they chose, Lot The wise counsel of my grandfather, Hrb Flot- Kinen etc. He held for many years The rabbinical chair in Derechin. In 1920 is The noble rabbiess Flotkin died. I still remember how completely different. Chin accompanied her to her eternal rest, May the memory be blessed. The RBS children are there Been in Russia. Hrb Plotkin Fort no America and the Rabbinical Chair are overthrown Given to Rabbi Bakalchuk et al., My husband Moshe Tzvi Kamenetzky was A friend of Rabbi Bakalchuk and to this day He admires the last derechiner Rabbi's great scholarship, his arrogance; He did Had a name of a great speaker and Merbitz Torah, was a personality with An open sense for all problems of Community life in Derechif I come back again to the memories about My grandfather. He was full of love Israel on piety. He had a Great influence on numerous areas of Jews Lives in Derechin. All counted 207 With his mind. He was always laden With law-making; All messed up- Chem, which have been used in the Art of compromise, were brought To my grandfather, who was one of these Best arbitrators in his time. During the First World War fort my grandfather to his daughters No Slutsk, and Fundorten - no Rastou. He writes to us and begs for mercy on him Back bring no derechin, back to Wooden beit midrash, to his son and son-in-law, Who gave him such honor, Back no derechin was already my grandfather Did not come, but his name is Geb- Love and is known as a successor to generations Those who study Torah in holiness and purity. My grandfather's sister, Hannah Sheine-Haya's, Hannah Weinstein, was the wife of R. Shmuel Weinstein. He was a Jew A scholar, a disciple of Wallachia Yeshiva, a great businessman with world- Hole education. In his earlier time was He seemed always farten with learning and Read. His dear, modest wife was An army woman, led the factory- Business and raised nine children. I See her now before my eyes, with Sheitl comes across as so honest-minded and modest- Peculiar was her appearance. Always is She was happy with what she had. With business, with her children. The first From Derechin, who studied medicine Was her son Ozer, eh. So did the Aunt Hannah was pleased, despite what was coming In her life she lost two children, a Son Joseph and a daughter Deborah'che. As a Righteously, she also raised her pains- Nomen in love. I remember after the HSPD of Rabbi Bakalchuk et al. After his aunt Hannah 208 Spoke about her generational lineage, So the deeds of the fathers were a sign to the sons, and the wisdom of the women Built her house. She raised her children Beautiful and noble, with many virtues. Be She remembered the blessing. Perhaps such a righteous person is destined Seemed to die earlier and not see with Her eyes, like her children and grandchildren Be executed by the German assassins. I want to bring my memory here Dear cousin Chaim Weinstein, a master of virtues Favors, with noble appointment between man To his friend, always ready to help the, Who enjoyed themselves. He has with advice And Dad helped the whole family. He was the son-in-law of R. Mendel Feldman, E.H. The Way of Life of the Fine Rosh-HaKhal until his take up this Live, when he saw it before his eyes End of the Derechiner Jews, know all well Our surviving urban. And when I tell about my family- Let me remind myself of my childhood The home. I was born when I was 18 years old After my parents' wedding. I felt Raised with vows and fasts. My dad R. Zelik Friedman, the son of a famous man A wise student, R. Moshe Sheine-Chaya, almost died His whole life was spent in woodworking Beit Midrash. Studied Shas, with Hevra-Mishnayot And Chumash-Chumash. I remember his proud face, His hospitality, his radiant face During Kiddush make Friday to night. And my Moms, I remember, with her good qualities, With her piety, I was raised by my parents in Yiddish, To six years we sent to R. Leibniz Room, where I studied from nine early until Six in the evening. Who does not remember R 'Leibn, who Has given us the interpretation of the words of Enough prayers! R 'Leib Abelavich, A Heartfelt Book Thirty Jew and good educator. He used to beat us Be with a piece of Chumash, was it full With wisdom and judiciousness. For five years I taught Ba Leib, And to this day I can not forget the family Abelovich, with R 'Leib's wife, Khayke AH, With their two children, Deborah and Ab- Rahmele, and with R. Leib's old father, Rey Joseph E.H. They have a small apartment Inhabited, many children used to live there Shoot while learning, but how clean it is Been there! We were happy when R. Leib's wife used to bake bread, take Challah and throwing it in the oven - The dough used to burn and the air in Small room used to be shaded. We Everyone used to get a headache, and the good R 'Leib used to send us home earlier, From R 'Leib I went to study "Mikhoisker", to R 'Avraham Izikavich, There we have already studied arithmetic, dkduk And history of our people -, history The Hebrews. " Did not take long and m 'opened In Derechin an elementary school. The founder Was David Alfer zl. About him, about His good qualities and great deeds pass Education of our children, will write all Which tell the story of the latter 0 hour in Derechin. It's really hard To portray his great personality and The strong influence he had On spiritual life of last generation in Derechin. When the Emmy school closed Due to lack of resources, our group Girls off studying at pedagogy favel Einstein. We know a lot about him Enjoyed and ed today we remind him with Path-land and gratitude. Book of Zerzain At the Bolsheviks I remember the day when the Bolsheviks Were entered no derechin. The orchestra Played in the middle of the market, is quite another- Chin came out to listen, the youth was In a lofty mood, the victory of the The Russian Revolution was very exciting Many circles. The power has taken advantage of these Opportunity and mobilized 18-year-old in The Red Army. All prescribed hat People are taken to school, where they come from Should be sent deep to any race. Among them was our brother Yodel. He is not yet 18 years old Were, but because of his high waxes have The Bolsheviks also wrote to him and Ready to send him off. The mother is gone, trembling Herschel Levitan, our cousin Ephraim-Joshua's Son,. He was a communist, a good one Speaker and a skilled worker, and then did He already played a big role in this Bolsheviks, Nitzanei Z. S. What have we moved away from in those years in which the nucleus arose The first Zionist-Socialist ,. Primary young- Score! What a difference between that handful of young people Enthusiastic, delusional and dreamy in a remote town about With a worker of his regenerating country - and the youth of Today, the sons of the builders of the land and its founders. But in every vein of my soul I feel their primacy The vital of "those who begin with the mitzvah" of them Tze'irei-Zion, as many beginnings were also the beginning Our hard and difficult were our first steps. No. We then had a paved road, in which we could, Badzain / / Naftali 209 Matityahu Abelovich The mother took him request, with Tears in his eyes that he should release Yudlen, who is not yet 18 years old Old, as Hirschle Levitt knows it well. D Mom reminded him that Yudl was ours One provider, after Samuel and Hirsch, our eldest brothers, are already With us gone, Hirsch Levitt promised the mother Release Yudlen, and after several hours is Our brother returned home. We Have all wept --- But this is it There were already tears of joy. Hirsch Levitt is, with all his might- Faha, away no Soviet-Union where he Died in his thirties Tuberculosis, A These are my memories of that war- Years, which lasted from 1914 until The Polish authorities occupied Derech. Ben-Dov Young people full of pioneering aspirations and youthful vigor, To go with conceptual and operational confidence, For consecutive years she has dominated the youth of Drachin the spirit of the anti-Zionist "Bond" In our town there are enthusiastic grades, but all their enthusiasm She found expression in reading a Hebrew newspaper and in debates With their rivals. The Zionist act was expressed in action For the Jewish National Fund. But we - Thirsty for a pioneering act we were, an act that would change the Our way of life and who will bring us as pioneers to the Land of Israel, And we had a strong desire to find and exhaust the synthesis 20 Between the national and international idea, between Zionism And socialism. I will not say, that we knew to right how Formulate our lofty aspirations and bring them to The youth yearned for deeds. It was the Balfour Declaration that led to the awakening of the Given among Jews in the area of ​​the Jewish moshav and between The Jews of our town. Apparently there was a need for a doctor The tiny and secluded being among the last to- This arousal, however, saw this miracle: with echoes First of this important political event. Of the Harat Balfour, a lively movement arose among the young people of Dar- Noted, when at the head of this movement stood abroad- Rim, that I will never forget. The living spirit in a handful These young men were the late Dodizlig, a yeshiva fellow Gifted and fiery, a fiery speaker, in those days Gave enthusiastic rhetorical expression to the cries of the great Our movement, which appealed to the youth and demanded of it To immigrate and build the country for future generations. When he would go on stage, he would be promoted In stormy applause. I see him as the founder Tze'irei-Zion in Darzain, because around it our guys concentrated Duchamp Book In those years, before there was a Zionist-social movement- A cohesive list in equal areas has just begun To be freed from the horrors of war and the dignity of the occupation The German. To our great sorrow fate was cruel to a wondrous fellow This and he was plucked by Ivo, having contracted typhus. But the seed has already been sown, and found to be the successors, Those with organizational and explanatory skills, headed by David The late Alper. It is not easy to give a brief account of his actions The greatest educator of the younger generation in this Darchen That broadened the horizons of many of our youth and raised Them on the right path of national loyalty And social. It was David Alper who guided me on the path to the beginning. Obedience, is what helped me immigrate to Israel. I was running All my years in our country, as a man of the third aliyah Who saw at work the holy and exalted in the life of The individual and the people - and I have always seen myself as a mound- From the hands of the first, of the founders of Tze'irizion In our town, A group of my friends, the pioneer on a trip Book Thirty Branch, Hankoi When the Zionist-Socialist seed is sown among the The Darchinai vigil, with the establishment of a Tze'irei Zion branch And the founding of the Hebrew school, their spirits were no longer calm Of the young, who yearn for pioneering, In 1923 I traveled with a few other friends To the study bench to Vilnius, to be admitted to the Nyon. For economic reasons I was forced to return Home, so we decided to set up a branch in Darzhain Even before I left for Vilnius, I was active In the Zionist institutions in Darzein, in the JNF, in the library- Brenner and various cultural activities. Now is the time For fulfillment - that's what I decided when I returned home. For a few months a number of my friends arrived "The Pioneer" in Darchin for about 50. These young people Were, in fact, the active and active Zionist nucleus in the city- Let. We decided to go to work and prepare ourselves for immigration To the ground. We turned to different landlords and asked for Shia- Conclude us in every job, hard as easy, that they are In the beginning 21 /? David Rabinowitz Need her. At first they looked at us with ridicule, but Slowly they got used to this thought and were suggestive We do various jobs. Also in the whole public We acquired an attitude of admiration. In 1925, with the founding of a newspaper, Davar "in Israel, there was Our only home that signed the paper. From his articles I would read at the meetings of the branch, the pioneer "and the friends Would swallow any knowledge from the land. To expedite the I went up the aliyah with a group of friends to a kibbutz-yachshara Around Suwalki-Augustov. As the head of the group I was in contact with the Striker Center, and especially with Pinchas Kozlowski (now Minister Pinchas Sapir), who was Organizer of a training kibbutz in the Grodno region. After I got home from training, he visited us Pinchas Kozlowski and demanded that I attend the seminar Of the "pioneer" in Warsaw and I will postpone my immigration for a few Years. I did not agree to this proposal and in May 1926 About us together, a group of 5 pioneers of our town, To the country, Members of the He - Chaluts branch in 1929 22 Grandparents 2 "3 / Dov Granovsky Who among the residents of Darzen did not know Yehuda- Samuel Epstein and Simcha, the shopkeeper "? No one was helped by them. Their home was open to all, Many were in the distribution of charity, openly and secretly, to Ruth that they themselves labored hard for their livelihood. My grandfather Yehuda-Shmuel was a native of Kolobeshchiga Nearby. I gave them at a young age and was educated by my relatives Family. He studied in yeshivas, as was the custom in those years. Bar- Orian was and devoted all his free time to studying Shas. He was pious, aggravated as easily as severely. And despite Yes he would understand the heart of the youth and his spirit. Was a fan The Zionist movement and the country. More than once, by the way, he would mutter beside us: You young people will still have redemption in your days- Rael and the State of Israel ".. After the great disaster that befell them, when he could two His sons within a few days, Chai was gathered inside Himself and persevering in mourning. Of course, it was customary to go "Every day to the synagogue, the new wall." After the prayer he would stay there and study a chapter in Shas For the upliftment of the souls of his sons who died at the cost of their days. His voice was heard in tears through the windows The openings of the synagogue and captivating their attention Of the neighbors. Book Thirty How great was his faith and could be learned From his remarks at the funeral of his son Dodizlig, who died of the plague The climb that raged in our town at the end of Mel- The First World War. After the obituary of The late Rabbi Plotkin found Grandpa Oz in his spirit to eulogize He also his son:; D. deposited by a deposit of Twins for a period of time. I will not throw a bear- Rim towards Gd, in spite of the great calamity. Always I will carry the pain in my heart, " And when the second son fell ill and died weeks ago- Rim After his brother's death, Grandpa had the powers The psychic say about his grave after the eulogy of Rabbi Damta: D. gave and D. took, who will give and will I will sacrifice his anger and the plague will stop ".. "Grandma, joy, the shopkeeper," was Mahbo- Cold until late, confined to the store and shoppers The troublemakers, when an innocent smile does not touch her face. Difficult There was a war of existence, but it served her all her life Helped against his grandfather. Despite her troubles, this woman knew how to raise the Her written resume, in a clear and endearing style. Section Her letters, which I kept by chance, are published in a book It is (see p. 106) and may serve as a mark for its character Footwear, Holy Shabbat in the house of my father / Sarah in Sabi-Slonimsky Friday. Great feature at home: Preparations for Shabbat, busy mother, no effort will be costly in her eyes, Provided add to the home warmth and solemnity. And fear nests In her heart, lest she be late, God forbid, at the entrance to Shabbat, Because yes her way than ever, among the first to receive The face of the Sabbath and the last to accompany her on her departure, As usual, the preparations for the end come in time, and before Today tends to bail, polished house and shiny, map White spread on the Shulchan and beautiful candles-Shabbat Dol- Kim spreads light in the room. The shadows fade, and you too worry from the heart, And a sacred and holiday atmosphere prevails in every corner. Dad. Dressed in an atlas hood, he hurries out To the synagogue. My sisters Hannah-Esther Khaleda Zel and Miriam and I, separated for life, open with a prayer "Go-Narnana." And we are all ready for the coming of Dad, Out of impatience I used to go out of my way The house, to welcome Dad on his return. And what I loved hearing his blessing; Gut-Shabbat! Great was his faith in blessing, and what did I believe in- Her rains! Saturday would take my father out From the day-to-day worries,. That he had quite a bit of experience with them And puts him in a world that is all good and beautiful. Sefer Zedarzein And here Dad turns to the table, sanctifies the Sabbath And welcomes the yen. And we accompany the blessings In "Artist", During the meal, my father spices up the conversation with verses From the Torah, and we sit and listen. And so it is The next day. The practice is uniform - prayer, Torah and poetry. And also the Shabbat meal with the stew The traditional, passes from its beginning to the blessing of food In a festive atmosphere. For a follower was my father, and his work To God out of joy that was in the heart, For the last supper called, "Three Supper", My father used to chant to some yeshiva students His desk. The joy was seven times greater. No There was a limit to singing and Rina. What about them and the troubles Good days and terrible days Passover Passover would come to the doorstep of our house soon, -Already on Tu B'Shvat, when the owner of the textile shop, With whom she was accustomed to do her shopping, He came to inquire what our mother intended to buy for my son Her family ahead of the upcoming holiday. Because here, In a few days, if the name pleases, it will apply His trips to Bialystok to do his shopping there, then Will also take into account the taste of our mother and include His order within his orders is, In Shoshan-Purim,. Which is a day off from school, There was a mother going to the store to pick what she needed We would, of course, accompany her and assist her in choosing The fabrics, Once the fabric is cleared, the affair of choosing the example begins, Related to walking to the seamstress, perusing the journal, (Though we were later young. We became too In magazines and we tried to influence mother in the matter The examples), and so the consultation between us continued, The girls and girlfriends, until a good time; taken " The size of each and legally recorded in the notebook The seamstress. And here comes the measurement affair. Casual together In the afternoon young girls, mothers 23 World ?! "I will put my trust in the God of Israel" - The poetry would have erupted. And that's how contestants were in singing And in the Torah until late, Passers-by slowed their pace, at a neighbor's One opens a window, the other the door. And so are the Christians Filled with wonder: how much strength and encouragement the Jew has Will draw from his God. Blessed is the man in God who applies His trust, they would think, When Shabbat came out, our house would come into my life again Secular, but always out of faith in the flint of Israel, Until the bitter and hurried day came for my family and all The house of Israel, and the righteous and upright fell before my son Injustice. ת.נ.צ.ב, ה, Malka Alper And grandmothers. Although there is a kind of queue, the prelude is First, but how can one not give in to the mother of This girlfriend or another honorable woman? And meanwhile The hours pass, already after dinner, and then Mom shows up to find out why our times were embarrassed To return home, And baking the matzos? Even before the bakeries opened The special ones, their husbands came to offer Dad their service (Baking the matzah was under the authority of Dad, he Was the one who dominated the observance of this mitzvah). But we shared Ourselves: We wanted to be present all the time Kneading and baking, transfer the matzah from a table Roll to the perforated table and smell the smell of matzah The nerdy baked from the oven. That morning of baking The matzos were late for school, with Dad's permission And mother. And on our return from school, how not to lend a hand For crushing the matzah, the great crater with the leaves The liver ?! The matzah was stored in the large wicker basket And she was allotted a respectable corner, from which she gives Smell, the smell of Passover really. The various arrangements, such as cleaning the house, spending Passover vessels from their hiding place, removal of chametz vessels from the house - It all concerns us, the toddlers and the youth, And fills the days of the eve of the holiday. 214 When we grew up and studied, or worked, outside the home, no We missed the opportunity to spend Passover under The beam of our parents' house. We're gathering from four The country's wings and arrive by train and horses, In no way, to be dragged to a table The parents on Passover, On the night of Seder we turned to the festively set table, With his grandfather on his head wearing the white "white" Read the Haggadah together. And we are not satisfied Reading Blend, because everyone brings something with them Adding flavor to reading: who has a new meaning encountered In it, and who is historical enlightenment for a particular paragraph; Exchanges impressions from the pedagogical work between The children on the subject of Passover - - - And the arrangement lengthens and lasts, until the mother begins Urges us to get to the break, where we can open At the meal, because she was already tired. It was customary to invite friends over for the holiday, Or relatives of the youth. The dining table The great one, on both its wings, was not always enough for all Those who belong to it, But the eight holidays pass, and last night Of Passover the suitcases are packed. Late hour The carter drives us to the train station and from there Everyone will travel to work - who to study and who To his work. B. Yom Kippur On the eve of Yom Kippur, Mother would get up, To suffice in the morning to bake in honor of the holiday The challahs which you have a ladder pattern for - for The heavenly prayers will ascend in them, as is customary Was about the women around us. So, at dusk, he would knock on our door The butcher R. Yankel-Arieh, a Jew of advanced age, husband A clear voice, passing in front of the box on holidays, husband Slim body and low stature. He came to slaughter the The "villages" in the yard of our house In a day to greet the atonement "and bring the The birds for slaughter at the butcher or the butcher, but The parents, it was customary, greet right in the evening- Yom Kippur and the butcher come to us and receive as a tribute Special, Book Thirty Until the birds are captured, the butcher sits down The table drink a cup of boiling tea, sub and triple, Grabs a call and then makes his way to the yard, from there The sounds of the captive and slaughtered birds emanate, Of course, all the members of the household are awake when the butcher knocks At our door, they get out of bed and share themselves In preparation for this holy day. During the day Dad was particularly interested in the situation The health of each member of the household, asks and guides What to eat, how much and when - and all this as a virtue Towards the fast, or half the fast. And the sun shines To the west, Dad returned from the presiding prayer, after drooling To "bowls" near the entrance to the Beit Midrash His death. On that day of the eve of Yok, there were many children Come to us with vials in their hands, to buy Fium-Yom Kippur-Trapens "(or weakness-Trapens), and both Ammonia drops which have a pungent odor and are purple Against the weakness of the heart in wrapping the soul of the worshiper In prayer and fasting. The table is set for the intermittent meal. The "robe" Of Dad with the tallit ready on a special chair, And also the "cycles?" Of the parents Fiber to the table, with a broken heart and a sorrowful spirit: day The law! Towards the end of the meal, the tea is poured into glasses, For his heat to dissipate and it will be possible to drink it for quinoa The meal. In their greeting the blessing of food flows cynically Parents tears, Here they rose above the table. Dad is wearing the The "kitel" on the holiday clothes, approached each of us And he is all excited, when his voice trembles from stopping crying and getting excited- Drink, he hugs and kisses each of us and blesses us; Happy New Year, may we all win next year! And Does mom. They turned to the synagogue. The road is not long, yard The synagogue is behind our house and we are in it In the Great Synagogue, a stone building in the winter was according to Most closed because it can not be heated, the old Wall "Where my parents prayed, the new wall" And the wooden beit midrash "in the same courtyard There was also the rabbi's house. On both sides of our house led Alley-beyond the above yard, I loved standing on the porch of our one-story house One and witness the marchers for prayer, parents and children, Book Thirty Old and young, by the way answering their blessing Congratulations, have a good year! '. And here is the interruption of the flow of embryos. The synagogues also absorbed the latecomers. The full light Emerging from the open windows, the light of the kerosene lamps And the high soul candles. The echoes of prayer come To our house and it was possible to attend prayer though As we sat at home, On the day of the fast, Dad had been to Sir several times during Today home: to greet our well-being. I remember well How can one forget this !! Here she stands before my eyes my home- Small town, which I loved so much. There we were close to each other Second, and will always remain in memory The neighbors, the friends, the houses, alley and Gardener, the verdant sand and the Ocean mud - all ways and paths, About which she once quarreled Joy and lightness our youth. When it becomes difficult to be a Jew Hearts, he could find a comforting ba A neighbor or comes a friend. Our street is Was inhabited by Jewish hearers, Craftsmen who have hard earned On their livelihood, but have had much Joy of children and grandchildren, lived in Pleased and always hoped for better. This is how my father lived. Pasha. Whoever did not know Derech Samuel the blacksmith, with a perpetual smile, With his wisdom and wit, with a consolation- Word to anyone who has been involved This used. At different times, my dad used to Made, but always did, along With the mothers, hoping to have pleasure from 215 My first fast on Yom Kippur. Dad stood On the eve of the fast and advised me to multiply fruit, Eat usually in small amounts. And on the day of the fast His body was constantly interested in how I felt. Upon completion The fast,. After differentiating on the yin in the light of candle remnants Yoach, actually handed me his cup of tea. I wondered , Why do I go to Dad !!, and I heard Maid His answer: I'm already used to it, while you - it's Your first fast .. " /? Deborah Schmitt-Shelkavich The children and grandchildren: from Alien with Flowers with their successful children; Of Esther with Simon and their children- Lech; Of love and well-being with theirs Children; Of labels with zlaten and the Children. Here I have listed a few Of my nearest and dearest. They are Grew up around our parents, like The trees around bloomed and grew Our house, Until suddenly the evil one arrived Storm and destroy cities and towns. Our derechin was also destroyed and Our loved ones are thrown away Just like trees uprooted from the Earth. The songs of our brethren and Sisters, from my entire family, with these Uncles and mothers, were silenced. Worn. I still have difficult, fine years Still ever hoped for someone from my family To find - but when I stood For the long, large graves, in which Our doors have been shaded. Chinese, old and young, I saw that I was left alone, Our memoir will be the tombstone, over Which we will be able to know 26 Book Thirty My hometown is Derechin / Shindel Vilenchik This part of me is an adult I've really lived life in America, But my hometown Derechin is alive Always in my memory, though it is already For a long time in the world there was no love town, Where I first saw these Beautiful from the sun. With affection reminded I live the way they used to Leads the Jews into Derechin. Of that I have rooted in my spiritual inspiration And for that reason I am full of choice The legacy of Jewish generations in their Long way of martyrology. The inheritance is We are even more expensive, after thousands of e- Jewish communities in the cities and towns of Eastern Europe was wiped out by A deadly hand of the map. Little was our derechin, however She possessed an expensive man-material, Organizations and institutions that have Seeds formed her social figure, Fuel-Zion and the others were active ; Bund ", theater and libraries, charity-an- Stalls and everything that served her Jewish residents, My grandmother, eh, agreed with her Work for shtetl girls, Who had to get married, they should, God forbid, do not preside. Wow in the world You will find such a rare worry today For needy and lonely people As this was in small, poor dere- Chin 1 And when the years of Wars and revolutions, is also derechin With her youth been active. I still remember The year 1919, after the Russian Revolution. Lucia, when the Bolsheviks entered In our town. The Bundists, together With a part of the radical youth have Joined without the Bolsheviks. In Peak of the Derechiner Communists is Stood a "committee" at that time Usually arrival from america wagons with Flour and food for the inhabitants of The cities and towns, which have so Strongly suffered in the years of the first World war. Brush of Committee to Pre- Share the products is standing HRB plot- Cain, and also my father was one From committee. The products are distributed Happened to everyone at once. When the Polish soldiers drove away From our area the Bolsheviks, they have Began searching for the local radical youth, And especially this, "Komitechik." One Of the meshchanes pointed to mine Dad, and he had it, along with much Youth on which various Christians Have indicated, taking up local office, They were all beaten with whips On the naked lion, to the walls of the Offices were sprayed with Their blood. When it came to my dad Rey asked to be thrown, he asked himself He shall not be punished, because he has A family with six small children and He's never been a comedian at all. Techik "From the Soviet Union", One of the demonstrators present Know my fathers and witnesses testified that here is Surely a mistake was made, because everyone knows that My dad was one of those people Distributed the American products exchange All inhabitants of Derechin, without sub- Separation of nationality and religion. M'hat Indeed my fathers 1 released, Book of Zerzain I carry still deep in hearts A bit of The joy and much of sorrow, which I Get absorbed in my town Derechin. This is the joy of mine Childhood and the sorrow of the years foots Destruction and destruction. I can not forget these My grandmother and my grandfather It is the sacred duty of us all To remember and perpetuate the memory of Our bereaved families. Also mine Nearest and most expensive were the kr- Daughters of the Bloodthirsty Nazis: My Mo- Ter Masha and father Karpel Leibovich, My brothers and sisters Moses Levinger With his wife and children, who are Perished in Volkovisk, as did David, Ita-Leah, Love, Esther, Shalom, Kalman, Basha- Mink and Reshe - who were killed Became so murderous in Derechin. I can not forget my dear grandmother Beast-Beile Jagger. Which is to 92 years Was shot dead at the grave by the assassins. She dedicated her days and years to the Needy of township, brought she Help and support as a secret "secret, order, grace God forbid, not to embarrass an outsider Goes down. I remember how she treated me when I was still A child was entitled to a mitzvah Quietly bring someone into the house Friday afternoon falls on Saturday. And when I Did not even stop and Asks: "Grandmother, do people live in such a city?" Take home, they need your help! " My grandmother warned me that I would Again, asking such a question, she will , Do not take help? ... The grandfather, Klemn-David, who is deceased Became still before the war, I must 27 Earth on which they jumped My childhood little ones and in whatever Lying hide the bones of our loved ones- Ste. Honor your memory. Love Jewish Dere- Chin! Sarah TeichmanLevinger Be remembered for good for his standing- Deeper care for the congregations. He alone is Was a great scholar with closeness on Rabbinate. He did not want to be a rabbi, perhaps He concludes a question with a "doubt." Such were they, my grandmother with My grandfather, good, heartfelt Jews, who m'tor Never forget. A I much for my duty to mention For the good of the late R. Shmuel Beckenstein, Weil Thanks to him, I was able to Flight to get my money on expenses Immigrates to any Land of Israel. This money was invested in the Charity Fund in Derechin. In those Years, early thirties, has the case Financially confused and I did not Could have received my money. It held Moreover,. That for this reason my aliyah should be annulled Become. R 'Shmuel Beknstein, who is guilty Had money in bank, called me to Himself and handed me his debt to the bank, To help me out in my despair Location. When this became known in Small town, were still some people walking Following his example. All around I saved mine Travel expenses and thanks to this I am alive Remained and found himself in our own Country, 28 Home songs / Moshe Cohen My home I got off a trip Turned back And again my hot self Declared in love. I am no places In rich were, And yet such a place as My home not seen. Been to many places, Spent very nice, And of course --- indoors Is much better to be. Awake and at ease My home, God, before me And keeps for luck open My threshold and my door, Pre-Passover in the Old home Gone is the winter, The evil, the cold, It is already before Passover In the home in the old. No more room For out, little children, We run around like On phase the beef. It warms the sun us And gay is outdoors. The Mitzvah Podrias - They rumble and roar. In Jewish streets The world is turning upside down, Myrrh and mischief On Passover the tribes. Book Thirty (Minkawitz) Contributed by Des-Mark-Fla, Traded with the farmer, The bulbs and onions, Vegetables and your. It already smells in houses With fish and meat, With wine and with dumplings To the feast to the great. And also wheat-wheat, Given, I know, There should be no, God forbid, Do not miss on Passover. My babe She did not like any female gossip And not read those foolish gossips. And she never played cards, And never smoked cigarettes. She did not dye her hair And her lips were not anointed, And no side effects Did not lead her with anything. She was a true woman of valor, And also recited Psalms every day. How much did our grandfather earn - She never complained about that. She used to from his meager earnings Still saving a week-in-a-week currency. A sign, she still has her do leave An inheritance --- a fortune perhaps more than a month. Now is the grandmother in Gu-Eden, Rely on my word, Because for such a precious idea Is paradise the right place. Book Thirty Passover and spring Came is Passover With spring along, Thus two children From one dad-mom! Passover - the holiday Of freedom and happiness, Spring --- the holiday When rather flash back. Passover mentions: Was once bad, We have Egypt Served as the servants. We have suffered, The bonds carried And have by fighting Freedom itself depressed. Spring reminds me: The cold is over, It comes without with rays The summer the love. It greens the trees, The sun shines and shines, It becomes newborn A gorgeous world! Passover and Spring - Two bright symbols Of happy times, Of freedom and peace! You will not be fired! You will not kill! You will not kill! The holy commandment Is ba the world To shame and to mockery. Who thinks of not killing, Who wants to know? When blood on the border Holds in pour 1 29 It lies the words Forgot in dust Of him who is free And of him who still believes. How can one still speak Of loving the other, When nations plan To kill and kill 1 With ,, kill! Ai, with bombs, With stronger army - Pride of the peoples, And not with ,, lai. It waits the do not kill In divine temple, Until it will come Humanity to reason Kipar Ahim! I am old and weak, Of the years immediately, I sit at night, And I write my song. I sit and I think Of my youth-dream, Of moon-night In the old home ... Youth Ideal, Believe in a goal - Clearer of crystal, Know what I want. Dazzling light Then take me around, And my home face Radiates from everywhere. Sleep I calm one With my youthful dreams. I dream then, That I drive home ... 20 Book Thirty Holiday in Shtetl / Chaya Beckenstein-Filzer It's Christmas Eve and everyone is getting ready. People Rams the houses, people run shopping in Kremlin, to cook delicious foods for Celebrate the holiday. Every thursday evening Or on the eve of the eve of the feast We, the children, go to Rachel the Cre- Merke and shopping that mom has Announced. Later, the mother used to Knead the dough on challah and a "goat" and Placed it should rise. Quite early She had already poked herself in the middle of the kitchen Bake and cook. When we returned From school the whole house smelled and I remember how we used to look into these Cups and take spoon from the fresh challah. The mother seeing this used to take us away- Drive from kitchen. How beautiful our house looked this evening Good day! The white tablecloth on the table, and On him fish, wine; The light casts a shadow On the wall, and all of us around the table, dressed Humble and the hair combed, waiting with Impatience at Kiddush, so that one may already Can start eating. Our favorite was the morning, When getting ready to go to school. Dressed in the new clothes of Sandals, who One bought for holiday, received Me from the mother stuffed in nose- A few handkerchiefs, perhaps we have them Becoming weak in the heart for a long time Pray. In bundle - A drive pieces Buttermilk, cookies and an apple. It's possible Can meet in the schoolyard after a child Who will be hungry. Came to school Yard, and there swung and gribbled from People, old, young, children small and large Sere - everyone went to school, Some come to pray,. Others - a little Chat with your friends. For us It was a complete no-brainer People show off with the new boots and clothes, And later enter school and show up For the grandparents. I have very Loved to hear the cantor with the poets Sing. I was angry at why people Take me not sing. Our cantor in shtetl Was very beautiful, with red cheeks- Lick, and also had a lovely voice. Having enough the men I go off to the Women in helping women. My parent and My two grandfathers were buried in Hill- Sorrowful beit midrash, besides this I remember The old and the new wall, the great synagogue, The Hasidism. Above the women is standing- Thick was hot and one had to Looking down on school through crates, like In a prison. The grandmother queen was to- Joy us to see, but not allowed to speak A word so as not to disturb you in your prayers. Baba Nachmeke was with us a bit More devoted and, of course, famous With her grandchildren for her neighbors (What she says is something to her, extremely tolerable Of a girl, eh ?. After that as all had Looking at us and appreciating, one went Next, visit a neighbor a grandmother in an Another school. Hardly expected to go out on Yard and take yourself to the bags with the Good things. Everyone shows what he has Brought and takes one with one Second, in order to taste of everyone's good Things, This prayer has ended, and the The schoolyard became full of people who Wishing you a good and healthy year, have fun- Instead of going home, not alone, Until I'm done, this house is beautiful Book of Zerzain Was full of people, family, friends, Neighbors, all came to Kiddush. After- Mitak is people going for a walk over the Main streets of small town, and when m 'hat on Road encountered gentile children, they said Looked at us with resentment, and we Maine Mans Family / I would like to tell about in brief Maine Man's Family. His grandfather, R 'Lazer Eliu- Peace, was a pious and good Jew, In addition, a bold, ready himself Put in danger, abi help a second He was told in Derechin about this Fall, when Leiba Ben-Zion is suddenly ill Became on cholera. Jews were afraid Closer even to his house, is mine Man's grandfather ran to him to help him And save. He is ready for toys Was ever to tan, he used to wake Jews to Slichot and to Psalms. People remember Tell us more about the story of how he- Down the street he gave off his boots to a poor man And himself dressed on the legs A ride Khadakes. I was also a warmer Jew Man's father, my father-in-law, Joshua, Peace. He did much for the poor. Editorial and for community. When size in a fire The beit midrash was burned down, is he, With other landlords, away and give- Cut down wood and build a new house. The Midrash. His house stood open in front of him Everyone - for the poor, for the poor and for the poor Shippers who used to visit Derech There were several families in Derechin, which Have literally had no bread to eat, He took a wagon and along with Itche-yankl ogulnikn produced flour, rye And potato and divided the families, 221 Thought they were jealous of us What we had such a lovely holiday and the Whole family goes together, surrounded With friends and still Jews, so carefree and Without fear for tomorrow .. Nehama Petrukhavich Saved them from starvation. There's no Saturday Not that his table should not be seated No guest, So is, well, my husband. He was a gbai in the beit midrash and a Namely, participating in all institutions, Went to visiting hospitals every week and On the accommodation of justice. Understand, without it Everything he did along with still good And devout Jews of Derechin. Me too Helped him a little - came to us Home were the vessels of Linat-Hatzedek And I myself used to ask for warning The sick, Our house was also open before Poor and needy, in the weeks, And after Shabbat, when we used to come Guests. This is how we behaved Perfect life. I used to often go over state Collect money or food and Friday At night I used to go out with Moses Kvashnitsa, Elijah-Hashalom, and we have already Know Who Needs Help - We used to bring them on Shabbat challah, bread A.D.Gl, Here also I do what I know and what My health enabled me, I go out For good days, for Passover, gather a little Money and I already have my places and Know who needs it. God should just Help that there should be no need to go help others And most importantly --- we should all be healthy, 222 Avi Helmedan When I immigrated to Israel in early 1926, The late Avi's Greek to the train station in the town of Zelva. While parting my thighs in a successful way, the song shed a tear And whispered to himself: Ashrani, for I have won that my son ascends To the Land of Israel, Forty years have passed since then, and still see I'm him in the same position, as if it happened today. My father was a wonderful man, handsome, from a path And a smart student. He is considered a landlord in our town Affluent, though never rich. Driving Be with everyone as a people equal to him, whether it be An educated or simple-minded son, whether rich or poor. Everyone respected him, both Jews and Christians, and especially The farmers of the area liked him. His integrity was there Thing. He was a Zionist at heart and soul, working for Israel in everything The areas: Keren Kimat, Keren Hayesod, Halutz movement. Yes was one of the founders and activists of the elementary school The Hebrew in the town, He was observant, praying every day, teaching a page Gemara at home-: The Midrash in front of an audience of listeners, and together Yet a liberal and progressive man. The late mother was? A simple and smart woman, who She ran an exemplary household, despite her illness. Nit, as a result of which soaking was much Her time in a sickbed. The late father was also busy In housework. I remember the house full of children Little ones and Dad feeds them, puts them on and puts them to sleep, Awake to them in preparing the lessons, and all this - about Despite his hard work to support the household, Always worked hard, from early morning to hours- Late evening, and engaged in all sorts of pursuits, everything According to the turbulent period we went through in them The days. Before the First World War he was a husband Yin Industry Winery, which he received from his grandparents Who immigrated to Israel to live the rest of their lives in the country The saint. He was the main professional at the winery. In the years of the first German occupation, when it was liquidated The winery, became a farmer. Buy a horse and cows And cultivated a large plot of land, while my brother and I were still Children at the same time and help by him Book Thirty And the industrious / shaman Abramovich After the period of German occupation, the Poles entered, And my late father became a forest trader, along with The Mishkin families, Bliznanski Weinstein bought Plots of forest from landowners. You cut the The trees and fought through the river Shachara to the great world, He soon became a definite professional In the timber business. Later, when in the timber trade There was a crisis, bought machines for scanning wool. Farmers from the area would bring the sheep's wool, And the late father would pass it through the machine It's hard work. Before I immigrated, Dad tried to rehabilitate me The wine winery, and again trade in timber, and in a later period More also opened a store. He was always busy and working Both for the livelihood of the house and in the housework. Never Did not complain, did not raise his voice and did not translate; All His deeds were done quietly and wisely; He was devoted to his mother And for children to no end, In 1932, and I have been in the country for six years, He learned from my friend David Rabinowitz, who went to visit With his parents, because I was sick and lying in the house- Sick, immediately hurried, sent me money and asked me to rest And not work. My condition must have been good of its own And my health is good, and when I proved it about sending the money And I wanted to bring him back - offended, Together with my late father and mother they perished that day Ya Bab also has a sister Frida with her husband Leibel Bekenstein, a native of our town, and their little daughter Khinkala, My sister Leah with her husband, my brother Moshe, my sister Bat- Sheva and my sister Rebecca. The last three still There were small children when I immigrated to Israel. Big brother Menachem (Mendel)) apparently perished along with his wife Genia to the house of Jasper and their little daughter Esther, in Bialis- Talk. To this day I do not know how they fell and how we escaped The remnants of the Holocaust belong to our city or do not know Or do not tell how my family members fell, And their taste with them. May their memory be blessed. Book Thirty 223 This is how I said goodbye to my house / Miriam Patzirsky-Slonimsky Sometimes there is a desire to put pages in writing On pages, but when you approach writing, it comes up Each line in great efforts. Also the writing of These few lines were rejected day by day and renewed Per month, It has been thirty years or more since I left My parents' house and I set up my own. And to this day This one, when I remember or say I; home, "stands Before the eyes of the parents' house, where my days passed My youth in which we all lived together, bound together Love. And there is no power in the world that will distract me vaguely Above father-mother house, I'll just tell you about my last Saturday at home, For my separation from my parents, sisters, friends and sons I was Drachin. This short story also comes to mind With choked tears in my throat, like any of us Who remembers his loved ones and what happened to them, On the morning of that last Saturday, when my father Returning from home: Knesset, we all turned to the table For traditional broth eating. In honor of my trip she prepared Mom two kinds of pies. Barely, I remember, I sat at the table and tasted for my mother's sake. I resisted with all my might not to shed a tear, Penn I will cloud the depressed mood at home. I felt In the tension that prevails around me and I was looking for an excuse Get off the table, In the afternoon I went out to say goodbye to my friends- I was in town. My late mother accompanied me. It was not easy The parting leaves, because with each of the houses in them I visited I was bound by capillaries of friendship and memories From my childhood. To this day I remember my visit- Farewell to the houses of acquaintances and friends, every home and house On its uniqueness. It seems that I did not miss anyone then From the houses of Dretsin, because all the people of the town were my friends Everyone was happy to immigrate to Israel and also envied me, wished To me all the best and parted with the blessing of God. Goodbye in the land Our ancestors. " Tonight has arrived. People started coming to say goodbye Last. Dad returned from the synagogue and extended the blessing The difference. It seemed to me that each of us, and I Within them, longing for the extension of the Sabbath departure and its continuation Of the evening to no end, But here came the moments of parting. My mother was Pale as lime, her hands were cold and vibrating. No. Said not a word and just pressed me to her Babylon Her strength, looked into my eyes, and we drank as if encouraged In this look one another, as a mother and her adult daughter Who well understand what is not being said at this moment. Such Mother also remained in my memory, a gentle soul who suffered A rabbi fell to her fate and she knew how to bear everything in silence, Without making any complaints against anyone I said goodbye to my little sister Zelda. That remained With mom at home. I was accompanied to the train, together with Dad, My two sisters, Hannah and Sarah, as well as many of our friends, It was especially difficult for me to say goodbye to the camp. She Stood as a fossil near the window at the station, She did not get up and was engrossed in her sadness The deep. She did not utter a word. She was She is attached to me and loved me very much, when I would return In the evening at home, she would always find me candy And serves me. Every Saturday, open my eyes for an hour From the morning hours, I would see her standing next to My bed, waiting for me to wake up, to start a conversation With me, Dad never imagined he would have it Say goodbye to the children for a long time and disconnect from them For long distances. When I informed him of my aliyah To the ground, he did not try to deter me and did not object Some, but went to the synagogue and all that night Sharui was there in prayer. I knew how hard it was on him Farewell to me, at the last minute he jumped at me again To the train she got off only when Levzi started And so Dad remains in my memory, wrapped in his prayer shawl, He looks at the book in his hand and a smile does not touch his lips. The nightmare that haunts us, the sons of Darzein, is the same The 11th of Av, on which our loved ones perished in torture and all Which to us rose in flames. Only with successful efforts We commemorate in our memory our family members as That we saw on the last day, in the last hour, in the moment The last of parting and disconnection. I remember mine As they were etched in my memory last Saturday. And this memory is the only tombstone I can Place them in the depths of my heart, 224 Book Thirty And so we came to Israel / Esther Dlogolansky (Petah Tikva) One winter day, in the afternoon Late, guests came to our house in Sineisk. The father The first senia of every guest who comes to the colony Was usually with us. My father-in-law Simcha Dlogolansky Was a kind of "Sultis" or "crowned" of the colony And all the affairs of the place would pass under hand We were sitting in the house when a rumble suddenly sounded outside The wheels of a horse-drawn cart, which went into a press- Renault with two guests inside. , R. Simcha "- read The carter in rejoicing -? This time I brought you a pair of lights- Distinguished Distinguished Individuals ", -; Welcome to- But, please, come in '- Kabbalah R. Simcha Their faces at the door of his house wide open, - "Where do Jews come from, and what's in their mouths"! "I came from Eretz Israel" - says Zidkov, When he introduces himself and his accompanying companion. We heard The name; the Land of Israel "We opened our eyes in amazement And it seemed to us that we had a completely different Jew before us. His height, his tanned face and all his personality did We have a great impression, After first acquaintance it became clear to us, that the man He is a representative of the Farmers' Association in Palestine and he Came to register candidates for immigration to Israel, since- Tons of British Mandate allocated 400 certificates To the peasants, in order to bring workers to agricultural works- To spell. Soon the gospel was passed among my people The place and within a short time our house was filled with the majority Residents of the colony. The good news about the possibility of coming The country ignited hearts. All the young people, including my husband Families with their children, were ready and willing to Zov the colony, which their parents founded and lived In it their lives for decades. By that time we already knew we had no future In Poland. Every day we heard about the wave of anti-Semitism Goa. Since the rise of Hitler to power in Germany Hatred of the Jews also increased in Poland. Life was done Difficult, the economic situation deteriorated. Although the Get up were as far away from politics and prevented as possible Quarrel with the Christian neighbors from the nearby villages, Would hear at every opportunity from the mouths of the Gentiles:, Zeidzi A two-Palestinian. "Therefore, the good news was a possibility Of immigrating to Israel so impressive, because the affinity is The country has always been in everyone's hearts, but not We knew then, how to get to its locked gates. Only Organized pioneers, who did their training for A few years, winners were in turn, a little bit T- Finn, in a few certificates. Here he came to us A messenger from the coveted land and promises to raise us To the country, The excitement was great. Almost everyone signed up, But it is well known that only some of us, my husband, will choose Excellent work ability. Everyone did everything, to To be liked by the apostles. It showed hands The horniness wa the muscles: one demanded of her Thanks to his children and the other to himself. No. I will forget the moments when the apostles were about to leave Our house. We broke up with them, I held my child The little one in my arms and my only request was no We will be forgotten, because I want my child to grow up in the country Our. With a smile on my face, and a slight pinch on my cheek My daughter promised me, saying:; Do not worry - you Among the first. "From that day onwards began The great anticipation for the sign that heralds my certificate In everyone's heart was the hope that he was the type Correct for aliyah and he will win a certificate. Until that day One, and we will never forget, my father-in-law rejoiced From the city of Darzein and with it all the postal letters and between them The long-awaited certifications. These were 12 families Out of 25--30 registered. The whole colony was As a pharmacy. The audience was divided into two - the happy ones And disappointed. As if the heart had foretold them even then That life depends on its ascendant and those who remain are doomed, And these were the 12 families who immigrated to Israel: 1) Cattle Shmuel, 2) Becker Yaakov, 3) Becker Leiba - Shalev- Shatam with their families, 4) Dlogolanski Natan, 5) Dlogolansky Leibka - with their families, 6) Toretzky Yaakov and his family, 7) Spector Yaakov, 8) Spector Meir and their families, 9) Krasnovsky Book Thirty Michael, 10) Krasnovsky Zelik and their families, 1 Miller Simon, 12) Miller Lion and their families. It is difficult to describe the parting from the remaining Jews Instead. Almost all left parents or relatives Other family. There was great sorrow. When we left the colony, no one was left in her house They all went to our companions far, far away 225 To the place. Their only consolation was that everything was done To unite again, and this time in our country. Unfortunately The great it remains only as a dream of us all. The ambition Did not come true, Hitler's hand reached them, everyone Destroyed in the gas chambers, except for two locals Who managed to stay alive among the partisans, And they alternate cattle and Leah cattle with the two daughters. My last Saturday in Derechin / Shaul Gorinovsky When I think about our birth- Shtetl reminds me not just of every street And alley, not just the lovely corners in And around Derechin, where we have ours Teenage years spent - I can not for- Eat the Derechine Jews and their Day- Daily life, this swearing and bitter struggle For livelihood, this poor and opt primitive Lifestyle of Most Derechiner Mash- Less, How can I forget how much our parents Have strained and exhausted before Us, for their children, that they may, hale Lh, nothing to miss, as well as their care for Needed in town !! One have mine Parents understand: the future of the kin- He, of the youth, is not in Derechin, Not among those who remind us so openly, That's our place is in Palestine " It was in those years that Israel became Israel Virtually closed; Many torments and un- Changes Everybody Needed Make and survive until he reaches This goal and arrived in land entered! I still remember the conversation With my love parents. Their thought and The aspiration was that first we should, The children, immigrants to any country: Israel and In time they will also come, so that We will all be together again When I received the request (Dri- Sh) to pass any arch-Israel, did the News soon spread throughout Derech. On the way to my grandfathers, whom I cared for Opt visits, we all had, young and old, Met with a mazlitub and pressed the Hand, In my memory will he forever remain Last day of February 1932, it was A Saturday, my last Saturday and last day In Derechin. I went to see myself From house to house, accompanied by my friends Rim, The last thing is in front of my eyes Picture, when virtually perfect Derechin appeared Saturday night we escorted to the end of town, By road no zelue, to the train, with vel- I traveled to Warsaw and there No Israeli. This was my last Farewell to Derechin. That's why our pain is so great, When we get together on our year- Funeral memorial services. And along the middle Pain is our heart full of comfort On the saved little derechiner, that Have lived and been privileged to be in Israel, 26 Book Thirty Halinke my shtetl / mie librider My hometown was small, But in my eyes she was beautiful and Pure, with good people, good Jews, what Have lived there for many years and Heard, Around Halinke were the cities and Towns of Slonim, Derechin, Zelve, Boro- Navich, --- Around and around the little one Towns were green fields and Welder, a quiet stream is flowing past Shtetl and children have themselves in its waters Committed, himself played, fish caught. So it has been from generation to generation, long, Long years of calm, hard work - Fertilizer life. As in all other cities and towns They also came to us in Halinka People of various professions and occupations- Kings: merchants, shopkeepers, dealers, owners Crafts. Lived one of the market days, Of the Christian feasts, when the peasants Jin used to come from neighboring villages Link to their Gods-services in sorrow- Kwe and thereby make various purchases. Among the left-wing Jews were a Many who kept a cow, for their own Used, and have always had fresh Dairy at home. Were also such, Who lived off several cows, made A little butter and some cheese and that Sold in Slanim. Against winter care They buy a caravan of hay, Put it on the booth so it can be With which to feed the key. Summer have Some such dairy Jews hired a broom- A fat shepherd, who used to eat Carry the beasts on grass, on a meadow What has been hired is a Christian. The Jews used to prepare potatoes in the Cellars for the whole winter, as well as wood To heat. Each family has its own bread Baked, once or twice a week. Everything was good and tasty, when the Hearts did not know of any troubles. Of course, there was such a thing A school, a rabbi, even a cantor with poets. The RB did not come to enjoy us from greatness Luxury, living in a small apartment, children- He had lech, undoubtedly eye-hre. Light and Yeast on Saturday no one dared Sold - Bought it at RB, It did cost a bit more money, though The rabbi had to live from it. D Wealthy Jews cared for him from time to time To support time by submitting it, a A gift. " No Hebrew or Jewish school in The children were not in Halinke Went to the local Polish people- School. Besides, a teacher was hired In Hebrew. One of the richest families Lies himself endured such a teacher, Others used to share a Hebrew Teacher for the children who have learned Go to the Polish school. Others have Sent their children to study in the Neighboring cities. We have studied in Derechin and Slonim. It's not so easy Continued our parents, until they cared Their children bring to a purpose. Both us and B. Polansken were Water-mill. For the Christian holidays used to Peasants enter no halinke in mill On several days, until they have completed Paint, purse and groove-making. Were issued Book Thirty These hard days both for the foyers and Say for Miller, One day, my father went downstairs at night At the mill, to see how the work was going, he said Hear one Gentile say, 'It is coming.' A day when we will choose all Jews ... "When the father mentioned this Judgment tells us, is to the first Grind me. Entered the idea into Cuff, that Poland must be evacuated, leaving no land Israel, start a new life and do not be ashamed Himself with no work, with whatever he has Himself still ashamed in Halinke. The road from Poland to the Land of Israel is Then it was not so easy. I had to Go through years of training. But who has Seriously started walking with the road, is to His goal accomplished. Says just a shame, who Few foresaw the sad to- Confection. I left home With the hope of reuniting with My dearest. When I would not Thought, I do not know if he would have Enough power to tear myself away from my family. At times, I think, I wish I was better Stay with them and share their bitter fate, But to this day it is not clear to me what Is the right way. Not always going Hand comes hand the intellect with the feelings. Now I have only one thing to hold on to Dear in memory of my family. My heartfelt Parent was good to everyone. An aremen He used to receive people as a friend, in order He should not feel depressed. He used to Sit down at the table near the rich man and Have a conversation with him, so that the other hall Feel better. In the Slichot-days hob I not even got up early And listens to the quiet melody melody, Mixed with tears. The trees outdoors Roared, the river whispered - Everything accompanied the prayer, and I did 27 Lying with closed eyes and trembling Dean of the Heart. On the eve of Yom Kippur, I was especially impressed- Ritz in memory. The parent used to be together- Call all children, laying both hands on Our childish hats and our blessings. We stood trembling, with Tears in the eyes. In the morning we used to go At school, see what the foster parents are doing. Mother. On Tatan, in white robe and tallit, With good, bright, beautiful eyes, I then looked like an angel. I can Now do not even describe the feelings that Have we dominated then, in my children- Years. We were able to talk to my father About everything, also about modern prob- Everyone he read a lot, knew Secular things, about everything and everyone loves Had to chat. And besides, he has much Helped whom and when he could. Not always did even the mother know Everything he does, for free, does for others. Were such good people in small Small town. Such a one was Simon Lusky. Many remember him. During the war Is he away in the woods, to the party- Saw. The Christians and Jews have him well Known and appointed as caretaker on The provinces. Not once did he, one- Endangering his own life, Gero- Women and children are married Did not want to join the partisans Groups. The war destroyed my town Halinke and my whole family. Of the Leftist Jewish populations have emerged Saved only a few people. Also mine Family perished, and only kind Sister Leah's daughter, Esther, married Saved from the bloody slaughter. 228 Book Thirty A Rasegration in Shtetl --- Without a Bus / Chaya Beckenstein Filter I remember when I was still there A little-girl, had started racing Buses between Derechin and Slonim and Also between Derechin and himself. The bus used to arrive at night Of Slonim, and when he was seen Entering Slonimer Street To the market - everyone has another signal Took run, - small and large, old and Young - everything was running in the direction From the station, lem, wheel-shops " Could mean that this town is on fire! The bus arrived, the door opened Opened and all waited with Impatience to see who it will come out. Came someone from township back from Slonim. The packages were inspected The hands; But perhaps it came out From bus an unknown young man and Looking around for a familiar face, Was soon taken thinking of who is A bridegroom has come, and how much reward will he get? On the other hand, if it really is To a bridegroom came, the In-laws were very frightened and he was careful For strangers, perhaps even more so Say a bad word and spoil it Whole matchmaking. The little boys used to follow suit Driver and the conductor and looked on They like on heroes. The bus stopped Unloaded and back loaded on his Way back, and when he left, was In the town once again, everyone calmed down Went back home to wait until Tomorrow when a bus from Slanim will arrive Come again and bring some, razegra- Offer? In town .. A comic event / shingle comedian I know our Izkur book is dedicated- With the memory of our deceased Sisters and brothers and destroyed Derechin, and for that I have long- Think, if it fits for such a book the comic A story that happened to us. But This is how you want to be remembered and told Everything that reminds me of past loves Derechin, I bring here also the story For my landslide. Many of them remember Sure, because Derechin has ways about it Knowing this and not least about it Laughed. Our house, the house of Samuel and Zerah and Sarah Bernicker, has stood there, over the years After the First World War, alone Beginning Kamenitzer Street, near Zelver Highway. Every spring we were afraid, That now the waters of the melting pot will come Snow, which can be felt on the road near the road, Pour and flood our little cottage. No house was next door to us. Close to us drew the "Vihan", And in those war years, from 1914 to 1920, When cavalry and other parts of pre- Various armies used to station on Wihan, their horses were not even bought- People basked in the delicious straw of Our roof. Not only did the horses harm us, Sepo Darzain But also the soldiers of the various abbots. Of all armies and horses is our hut A broken vessel emerges, and there is no choice Was, as if making a thorough remand, The craftsmen whom we have employed To repair our house, we were called Took everything outside, and it was left Outdoors A considerable few days and nights. Pre- It stands to reason that one must have taken good care of these Things, otherwise one would say very quickly - Bed. Did we really exchange with that Keep outdoors and each of us used to Watch in his turn. Derechiner older residents remember Very good that someone had to cross From Kamenitzer Street to Zelver, or back, Had to pass literally to our house. When my cabin was renovated, Did people really pass between these Furniture, bedding, items and utensils, which We exhibited outdoors. Well, everything would be completely calm when Not the idea of ​​my brother Isaac Bear- Nicker (known in Derechin as now the Commissar). He did not like it Dress up and stay up all night. Is he Away on the market, to the butchers, where there are Turned into stubborn dogs. He was caught One such dog, the size of a young calf, Brought him home and tied to a leg Of a table, lest he should be the night-keeper Of our things outdoors. My brother alone Is away restful sleep. The dog is infected Snuggled under the table and also delicious Fell asleep, You sure remember, like summer, on In the morning, shepherds go out with the Herds of animals on morning Passover, or how It was called "Ranitza". Also the herds Had to pass our house, came out Such a herd on Easter, and when she has passed Our house, was a young animal Nigerian To see what Pharaoh's physical beast lies there 229 There under a table. She looked To be A calf. Brought the beast down- Shake your head under the table to avoid Smell who's lying there. Just got up The dog awoke from sleep and turned around. Frightened before the horns of the young cow The cow, again, was afraid of dogs Billery. That the dog jumped up On his four legs, said the young beast Wanted to escape, and then she Raise her head so that the table is left Hang on her head and neck. Split Towards tut has the cow started running mid Table on head and after you run the dog, Attached to one of the legs of table. The cow is mid-table on herself and mid-dog Behind ran into the middle of the herd, And all the cows were in a panic both of them- Bear all about. The cow ran to the creek And constantly shook his head, in order to Free from table. The dog got up too Continuously tearing, in order to disassemble from table and Of the current beast, My brother and I are shepherds and they are descendants. Run --- my brother wanted to save This table, the shepherd - the cow. But the Ku thus shook the table, up to his Legs fell out and the table was Completely collapsed on one Boards,. The stranger, haughty dog Was fleeing somewhere along the middle of Fisl Table to which he was attached. My brother picked up the boards And the three little feet of the table and they brought Home, This shepherd took it all day Until he gathered all the keys from his Stage ... In the days when we remember Our beloved and without our old home, I also want to remember comic stories Of former, gay derechin. I have Brought here one of those happy pas- Rings. 20 A. Husband: Bible / Mar Ziskind Of all my teachers, Rabbi Moshe - My Bible-Teacher --- engraved in mine Amherst memory. He sighed in town For a good teacher. Besides his appearance - a Stalker with a shaggy red Bored and piercing eyes, is he too Was an excellent master: Bible and a Good author. His fortitude has Strongly affected his students. There were no children: his family Lie-life was without peace-house. The rabbi With the rabbis have always quarreled. She - Just his opposite, A small. A dors, With a sharp answer-tongue - did not have him Understood. Being dissatisfied and in nature An angry man, he used to live out his life His teachings - incorporating his whole zeal In studying with boys Bible. A man with good diction and talent To tell a tense story, he used to Love to submit reports, in toys, The conciliatory imagery of the prophets. His enthusiastic descriptions have Kindle the English hearts and excited Their fantasy: the biblical images have Engraved in the young minds - Never to be forgotten. Rabbi Moshe also possessed a tendency to Copy; Loved painting in front of a room The Tabernacle in the Temple with all the details, And cut out of colored paper the clothes- Priesthood - as described in Chumash - providing for his students Great joy, , {Grammar " Rabbi Moshe constantly knelt with his Grammar Students: Elshon-Kodesh An Grammar Is Book Thirty No boots: Size a garden without a bridle - The heretic, "is how he used to express himself in order. While studying, he loved to relax. Add certain words and separate them- Glide. The students have this lesson Not loved; DKDUK was for her Without descent. One time, while the room was studying "Male tongue" and, "female tongue", protrudes The door; A father of one comes in Of the boys. Being a painter, is the Jew were covered with flour-dust from head Until the legs. It was not in vain that he was given a Name given, the dead. "He truly did Looked like a dead man: his clothes, his hair From his head, from his beard and eyebrows issued It was all white as snow. When he is Entered room, had him indeed the little ones White fellows greeted with exclamation: Here goes the dead! * No great disciple- The wise man was not "dead." Himself as the Rebbe teaches, is the whole Matter did not make sense to him. With a Muffled voice (his nostrils were Stuffed with flour) he gives a make to Rabbi: "What do you need it for?" Rabbi Moshe Replied that I could not speak to him Mansbill with the same language as speaking to a Woman. Seeing, that the painter understands him Still not, the rabbi tries him up- Learn: I buy from a shopkeeper every week An chicken on Saturday. I speak Russian -, in language Male ", when in truth I must speak fully To you, female language. "Do you know why? "I do not know any Russian grammar." The painter did not mention Rabbi Moses Speech. He bowed to Rabbi Moshe and Murmured:, when I went in "People did not know about such things." Book Thirty , Where did this happen to them Rabbi Moshe's room was in a wooden room House, overgrown with a wall. In in Half the owner lived in The second - the rabbi. The room - Narrow and long - with two windows to The yard, which was always sweltering and burrowing With all kinds of winged creatures: hiner, Ducks, geese. In the summer, the neighboring women used to stand Under the open window, listen to Robbins learn - while sighing, whining And sneeze. The boys were sitting Around a long table; The rabbi - upstairs With the shoulder to a furnace, led Middle room. Uneasy, he learned to stand- Dick - adding himself after each break, a Soup make hot tea from a glass, and again Set up. It reminds me of a winter night - A blizzard was blowing outside: The room was heated so that the Warmth melted in all limbs. Studying in the middle of the room the prophet Ezekiel, d Set where the prophet says:; And Arach is based on thy blood: and he said unto thee in thy blood my life! And he said unto thee, By thy blood shall I die Passed; And saw you rejoicing In your blood. And I said, In thine Blood live! Yes, in your blood life!), Is R ' Moses entered into ecstasy, and with great Enthusiasm tells a story, Painted with all details A picture: of one, Who finds in a field a forsaken Girl --- barefoot, naked and bleeding. He picks her up from the wet field, takes her Home, bandaged her wounds she sucks out In the kingdom of God, and in the end she sinned Against him. The story of the rabbi was so vivid. Thick and captivating that the neighbor from above The wall, hearing the story, is entered- Ran into the room and shouted: Rabbi Moshe! 231 Rabbi Moshe! I'm asking you, where did this fa- Siret * ; Pinch? Teach the songs to young children, Was not simple at that time Interest. Besides the commentary, the young have Students also needed to know this interpretation Rashi - explain in the verses this Parable of the Parable - "God" with the Seth-Israel. " Early spring. The snow had begun Melt; The rivers were filled With rippling waters. The sun has set Warmer; Young shoots sprout Visits on the Black Earth. It happened For Passover, and all rejoiced On hearts. Rabbi Moshe taught with The Song-Song Room. Love having this lovely Word, he handed over the images Beauty of song-songs with a lot of feeling And zeal. Finished with the first chapter, said R 'Moshe took a short break, he did Sat down, wiped the sweat from Staring a soup made tea and shown with Fingers on me:, Anu, Meir, say - lomikh Hear! "I have divided the verses and With great desire and enjoyment entered into She likens the parable to the parable of the Lord Th. The Rebbe is out of the vessels and We were given a pinch in the cheek, saying: "That you should be harmed!" Fingers were like tongs: the cheek It hurt: tears came to my eyes The eyes, On the way home, my cheek burned Oi Fire. Entering the house, did the Mom immediately noticed a raised cheek. Breaking with her hands, she wanted to know, Am I already in a relationship? Leg "., No, Mom! I got along with no one Not beaten. The rabbi gave me a pinch Done ". 232 The mother was beyond angry, I was grabbed by the hand and ran To the rabbi himself stand out. Pointing at mine Bak, she asked the rabbi if it was It's true that he pinched me. The rabbi, in an embarrassment, raised her. Explained that her son was worth a Pinch in the beak, because he said good Song of Songs, Book Thirty The mother, not realizing the relationship between Say good songs and swell Bak addressed the rabbi as follows: Krb Moses, I beg you, do not pinch any more! Ob But he deserves port A pinch, Be Please let me know: I'm alone Pinch and A Fire in a Shtetl / Leah Eliavich: Yatwitzky I remember the big fire of summer 124. In the midst of a bright day is this fire Broke out on. The new street. The wind Extinguished the flames and they crossed- Thrown on the neighboring houses. The roof, of ancient shingles or straw, Have ignited easily and flew in The air, smashing the fire on Nante And further houses. People have been rescued for their Maybe, packed in sacks and lilies of the valley They found under the hand, away- Dragged the bags that far from the Burning houses, came back to run For something else to save and - Found their house in flames. Were such, Who barely managed at the last minute- Will their little children and be Out of the fire literally, naked ", Ann No hob and goodness. The state firefighters worked Hard and bitter to extinguish the fire, however They also did not have the necessary resources And tools. Everything was against them: the brie- Namely, summer time was not full with Water; She had to get water from her With a bucket on a chain; The fierce with Water was pumped from the well to the fire Had to push with my hands - the fire- Lesher had no horses of his own, They had to take horses from the Jews Owners of carts, which were not always At home, or from Christians, who have Not gladly gave up their horses and drove away They, during a fire, on "Vihon." And until He brought a bottle of water to the place Burning houses, are already the flames Away next. The cries of the firemen, which Have needed literally with their ten fingers Stop the blazing fire, and that The cries of children and women have Lift the air, but extinguish the fire with it Could not .. The flames have subsided first Then, when they came to an empty Place, And after the fire --- ruined, tlieende Pieces of wood and timber of the walls and Roofs, stinging chimneys, and all around The burned-out houses are spinning, like blondes. Screaming children, the burnt ones, seek perhaps Is what was saved from fire. With A feeling of homelessness surrounds them, Until compassionate neighbors or relatives take They entered to themselves. Sefo Zarzain I met with my teacher Mrs. Ruhama Ziskind from the USA, daughter of The late Rabbi Leib Avilovich invited me to a meeting With my first teacher, and I will not grant her the grace This one! On a high-speed train that went from New York to Harvard In Connecticut, we went out on Lag B'Omer 5733 (1953) On our way. Oda and not Abush, that I was that morning Excited no less than on the day I was informed Because a covenant with his disciples. For a journey of Hours stood before the eyes of the road from my parents' house In Derzain to the same alley, in which Aligbi Yesod stood High stones, the house of Mori and Rebbe, its living appearance- Tzoni of the house, the division of the rooms within it, and between them "Di Stiebel", in which R. Yasha, Avi Mori, Memorize for soft children in the afternoon Their lessons. I remembered the alley, where a house stood Murray, with the wonderful stories on the well of Haniya, pretty big, "she terrorized me Without her ever knowing. These memories about home Murray and the well named after Hania brought up Buffy again The smell of Beitihabursky standing nearby And the wars in the crushed tree bark, which was Abandoned between us and the disciples of R. Avraham Isaacovich. I had such a battle that caused a head-scratching Another week (not very pleasant for the owner Long braids), while for them, to the rival students, Proven such battles proved that I would not be defeated Easy. I imagined the next stay at home Murray, when accompanied by a long silence, - silence Typical of people immersed in memories of the past And sorry for the days gone by without again. Feel- Two, lest my character might accentuate his old age to him And cloud his spirit. How different was everything in reality! I met my teacher outside the walls of his apartment. He Went out to talk in the spirit of spring in the hours before Noon. I knew him without anyone pointing at me It seemed to me,. As if the years did not at all 233 The first / Rachel Alper They made their mark on him. His floor did not swim! His face They were pale, just like in the old days, when I sat To a desk in front of him, as he arranges the dice Carrying the syllables on the table in front of him. Dressed - Impeccable, his beard shaggy, his voice weak. He knew about my coming and when we stood face to face A wave of excitement flooded him. Things were taken out of his mouth. Upon entering his daughter's house, where he lived, he began Flooding me with questions --- about me, about Daddy's house all Still existed, about male and female students Different cycles. What amazed me was the man in his exact knowledge In the minds of his students then! As from an open book read On my days in his "room", on feedback My childhood, about my achievements in comparative studies To my sisters. , Sadness covered his face, when he heard from my brother David and my sister Masha and their families are among the victims The Holocaust, Memories of his students Alper's past To tell about, "Alper's House," the house he projected on His surroundings and shaped the image of an entire generation in our town. In nostalgia he told of the evenings in which he would come To our house after a 12-hour toil day, to Refer to, The Siren. "In a special emphasis mentioned the The cup of boiling tea, which was handed out to him by my mother Zeil, and everyone --- the conversations with David! , IAI - Blinked in his eyes - a conversation with David! .. "and added: "I have never missed an opportunity like this." R. Lib was proud of his students, who came To the degree of teaching in the country, and no less to that which is Doctor. And how much was his interest in what was happening In the field of education in Israel! He was happy to hear words of praise from The dice he used to give the call to Der- Decio and the animals that were painted on them Do not forget, - he emphasized in his words, - I learned According to the late Dr. Moshe Kahanashtam, the theory of buying The reading. " 234 The man sighed and added:, I did not finish the The Grodno courses. I did not have enough strength The physical learn in almost hungry conditions. Not alone That was the case. " I described to him the appearance of the room, in which he is Sit and tilt Owen according to the Torah, the board The black and the white chalk, which our souls went out then Count the number of its sides. I reminded him of the who- Lon with the yellow cover, which was laid over To the closet, and he, our teacher, had a spring In it from time to time. Full of admiration was when I described before him On Remind me of hard winter days in the room, "when The cold and snowy man covered the eye of the earth, and we We would not have enjoyed the lunch break. The parents They would provide us with a cooked meal in a special pot To, a room. "The wife of the late Mrs. Morika, was Keeps these meals in the oven, and when the time comes (Usually at dusk ;!) was Moreno Sitting at the top of the table and we around, having our meal Before us. It seems to me today, as far as my memory is not misleading Me, because the teacher's meal was the poorest, But I will not forget the white napkin that was pro- That before him and his concern for the washing of our hands Before the meal, Book Thirty Murray asked to hear the ringing of the mouth Hebrew in the Spanish syllable. I read to him Chapter 2 in the Book of Psalms: Kalma was a gentile emotion. At first the language ring was foreign to her but As I continued, the smile on my lips widened. Lots to ask about cultural and educational institutions In the country, and here he is reminded of a book he sent by address The National Library in Jerusalem. Will be accepted! - I promised him to look for the book. A long day full of interest and excitement passed over me In his company. In the evening he went up to his room and returned. With a trembling hand he submitted I have a gift, a souvenir of my visit to him: a wall cantilever 20 = -25 cm long in a tin case, act The hands of R. Yodel the writer-just in the platform Ei The next day I had to justify the Deri from university studies to Ms. Prof. Charlotte Windsor. Her response was:, your visit A good sign is for the softened ?? Indeed, "countless" signs "I have discovered In Murray, "signs" in which Toby Murray is gifted The peoples and teachers of Israel, Not for nothing I was drawn to see him after a break of Dozens of years. I will carry his memory and tell about it For trainees, My family who perished / Shapira-Nu'nitsky Many years have passed since the years of the Holocaust, in which All of my extended family members, the Hananiyakov family, perished Noznicki, his wife, sons and daughters, and you too Cell. The two sons and four daughters, my brother and sisters, They were all married and they fell into the hands of the oppressor together With their children, The pain is not forgotten, just as the father's house will not be forgotten And mother. My father was a man of many verbs, engaged in trade And for public needs and gave his hand to every enterprise that has it Help others. Dad especially cared for help Medical for the needy, being the operators of the Thin. "Help my mother, who used to fry jams From the fruits of summer, to divide them among those consumed in the days Their disease, for the sake of, their souls returned. "It has always been our home Full of jam jars. Dad was also Gabay in the synagogue, the new one Moyer "and active in Hevra-Kadisha, out of a desire to Respect for the deceased of our community When I was about to immigrate to Israel in 1935, they opposed it My parents are strong, as they used to resist very much- Less Israel. I insisted and stood my ground, then Dad said to Mom:; She can go, probably That's where her luck awaits her. Who knows, if we meet again. At the very least, she will save her future ".. Dad predicted and did not know what he predicted. Clouds of Nazism Were already then hanging in the skies of Europe. Later In a few years, all my family members fell from the ruins. The Germans are clean. Sepo Darzain 235 No more Derechin / Dora Birnbois-Rothstein Are more gone, my dear, hearty Derechin. There are only remained the zise Memories of my childhood and of My early youth, and they are like that to me Fresh in memory that they will stay there My perfect life. Derechin is, like hundreds of others Cities and towns in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus, destroyed and its Jews Were killed by Hitler Murderers. My dear parents, Samson and Noble Rothstein, my brother-in-law Joshua and Sister Mashele perished, too- Seeds with thousands of Jews, during the Black, Bleeding Saturday in Slanim - the state, with Which Derechin was associated with With an older sister. Same fate Happened both neighboring cities and Not a single Derechiner lies in the brothers- Tombs around Slonim, Small was our town Derechin, But me is she so dear and dear and I See all her virtues, her grace and Jewishness Heartiness whenever I think of you. My Family has been connected with for years Derechin, also when we have lived in Slonim, I'm afraid the scene has already continued Few Derechins still remember My grandfather, Meir-Joshua Wolfovich, and me Babe Hannah-Beast. The grandfather was the Felder of Derechin. My mother noble Rachstein was a midwife. How fresh we are still in each other's memory Street and alley of Derechin, the green Meadows, seder and gardens, which have Surrounded the houses of small towns, with the Large, branched fruit-trees and with The cleaner, fresher air, full of scents Of vegetables and fruits. And I can not for- Eat the Derechiner, near and far, Known and unknown - all such Modest, heartfelt, everyone worked In his profession, or in business, in order to Making a living, often not too easy a life, But a calm and happy, full of hope On a better future. Here I see for myself the great market- Place in the middle of town, opposite ours Wall, where the peasants of neighboring villages Used to come on the market and fairs, order To sell their products and shop What they need for their house and Economy. Even on ordinary days The market place was full of peasants Furry, with sick, who came To my grandfather after medical help. Attracted My grandfather inherited his profession from His father and grandfather, from generation to generation, and Was an expert in his profession, beloved And believed by Jews and Christians of Derechin and the Surrounding Area. Were Delivered wholeheartedly to his patients Helped everyone. Poor and rich, day And at night, when his help is foolishly necessary Were. My mother, the midwife, was also present. Walked in the step of her father. She in Also been delivered her profession, Strongly connected with every family, whose Children she picked up, knew exactly the Location in every house and in every family, Esteemed and respected her patients and Was esteemed and esteemed by all. She Was the closest partner of suffering And joys of many derechin families, 26 Was still a midwife in Derechin, Nehama Manikav. She and my mother are indeed Were competitors, but both children Were good friends, and so am I. To this day, befriended Nechama's daughter, Sonia Manikav, who now lives in Israel. Roll with her husband Dr. Rockover, Opposite our wall, from the second Be mark, stood the lovely houses Of the great, branched derechiner Families, the Rabinoviches and the Elves, Which have had over the years a large Impact on cultural and social Life of the Derechiner Jewish Command- Kerung. The Rabinoviches, and in particular Haim Rabinovich, Beiker was active Until the end of the First World War, Afterwards they transferred their companions- Business activity no slums and too There were well known and active in Social institutions and in state- Council. The influence of the elves is peculiar Visible in the field of education And from the Zionist and pioneering activities Kate. They were the founders of Culture-school, which I also completed. I still remember, like ours Teacher Queen Alfer said goodbye to Us, her students and we accompanied her The train for her to ascend to Eretz Israel. I cried for a long time, weeks and months Longed for my heartfelt teacher. This- The same thing we all felt when David Alper With his wife Shoshana have left Derechin And moved no finsk, order darten On a wide scale to develop the National Education of the Jewish Youth, And I can not forget all the other teachers, Which have enriched our knowledge and Implanted in our young hearts and Minds the love to the nation, the thoughts of Justice and the aspiration of nationals Born again in our historic homeland, In Palestine, Sepo Darzain These are memories of the next, next Past. They turn me um back to My childhood and adolescence. I would like that Wanted to honor the memory of all others Chinese families, especially those of whom There is no shred and fleet left and There is no one to mourn for her And honors their memory. I obviously can not Forget my happy childhood, d Times when I was studying and playing With the daughters and sons of the Derechiner Families. And later is every one of Us off with his way, but we are Remained good colleagues and friends, with much From them we used to meet in the summer Months in Derechin, others are gone No America, Argentina or immigrant existed No Eretz-Israel, Even when I was with my brother Joshua Have studied in the Slonimer Gymnasium, after the father left Organized as conductor of Cantor's Choir And as a music and singing teacher in the gymnasium See and in other Slanimer schools, - Are we still ever connected with Derechin and spent the summer there. Vacations. These were lovely youth- Years and do not forget the summer ! Meetings with good friends and colleagues, Who came together from all walks of life Cities, from gymnasiums and universities, to To spend in the quieter, greener Home-town. And they remember it so sweetly Glorious evenings, when we all take care of ourselves Met, spend time on ours Great ganek, conversations, jokes, singing and Playing on mandalins, piano and to- Listen to my brother Joshua the fiddle-player The lovely music tenor used to flow from on- Zere windows appeared over the derechiner Streets and alleys and immerse in a boil Sleep the inhabitants. Later, after doing from my grandfather, issued Also my mother and babe moved Sefo Zarzain No slonim, where the mother also gear- Ask as a midwife, both try and not, Along with the well-known Slanimer Midwife Oak, in the newly-built Dante Birth Clinic. It was us then Much lighter, also Joshua worked as Secretary and I am, at the moment, Went to Warsaw on two with A half year and completed midwifery. After After finishing my studies, I started Arranged in Zelva, near Derechin, And worked there am 1941 with great Success. I was married to Chaim We were born with Kasovi's fascists Became a daughter, Bella, we opened A beautiful shoe store, "Bata", and lived Happy and content. Thus is this life filled calm and Beautiful, until the Hitler flood flooded With blood and destruction the Polish state, Destroy cities and towns and beyond They too our love derechin. I am alone, of my branch Family, survivor, literally, miraculously Wandering through ghettos and partisan camps, Lost my family'le and rebuilt Fundosniy my family and hues, with my 237 Husband Adek Birnbaum, with whom we have Also passed through the seven compartments of hell, bis We arrived in America, with The help of my aunt Rachel Rabinovich Of San Francisco. My husband also comes from a musical Family, was, along with his bri- The, in chorus of his father, A acquaintance Cantor in Kroke until the Second World War War. My husband completed the kraka- Who Conservatory. So around is too My new life connected with the musical Tradition, which prevailed in the Faha of my parents. The music lives on again In my family, our two sons, who Bear the names of our two fathers, Have also inherited the talent of theirs Grandfather. They study music and hope to achieve Their purpose as concert-pianists. And despite that, our chicken is full With music sounds, live in our hearts- Saddened by the great calamity that had befallen Our fathers and mothers, brothers and Sisters, and the memories of those shock- Happy years in the ghettos and forests. Bow I shake my head for my dearest, for Derechin my shtetl and for the ge- Fallen victims and hero A visit to my hometown / Vahma Ziskind-Abelavich With a warm feeling for my birth I want to tell you about the town of Derechin Certain experiences that we are Remained engraved in memory. Youth I left my hometown, however Everyone is here, and so are we Memories, with which revolves around a Perfect life. I remember my first days in class. Was this a, room repaired and established My father, Isaac, Abraham, Who was a Jew a maskil. In his He dreamed of growing up as a teenager Studied at Vilnius Teachers' Institute, Aber His father, d. E. My grandfather, R 'Yoshe EH, Was against this. He did, That I have to write there on Saturday ... My dad was also active in that Urban community life, was governor in Old wall, faithful of, visiting patients. "I 238 Remember until now, how it was used for him A sick person comes to the doctor with a note Or to the pharmacist. These were men- Chn of the poor strata of small town, which Have yourself no means not had yourself to Cure. My dad did everything he could Welcome to come and cater with the Necessary medical assistance. My father used to take turns offering lunch and dinner Study a page of Gemara with some Belly- Houses, My first teacher was A Slanimer Fellow, Phinehas Itzkavich. After him in One passed teaching to Abraham Isaacovich, known by name, the Michuisker ". The classroom is already out- Stood with "skamikes" and with a double To write with chalk. We used to eat Shabbat Come into class. This teacher's son Motke, who was a student of Vilnius Teachers' Institute, used for us Read Sholem Aleichem and works by Russians Writer, I remember well the colleagues and friends, With which I have studied together. Thinks That no one of them is alive anymore— Whoever dies by a natural act And whoever perished on Kiddush Hashem, After serving many years in America, I I came to visit in 1927 My home-town. That was a great one Experience for me and my family. I've had a lot of changes in mine Family-lite and also in Derechin. My Brother Samuel came to Warsaw for me Met and we were with him Traveled home. With me along is also Came from America on a visit to Welwel Walitsky, Burl the Kirzhners son. When the car approached Derechin I saw farther A Group boys run. I ask my brother, Book Thirty Who run them thus, he tells me that things Run our brother Hannah with his friends Announcing that the car is with the Americans Comes without. Arrived early in town, We found all the shops closed and Virtually perfect Derechin came into market Enter to see how the American women will fare Met the mothers and brothers, The scene is difficult to describe. After everything had settled down, Are all off to their work and trade. Relatives, friends, and relatives began to arrive Acquaintances We greet you. The er- Star came to be a grandmother, her name was Abraham- Solomon Grchuk, who in after Tatns Became a head of the family. Among others Came also Hanoch Alfer, our a Long-time good friends. Also Mendel Feldman, a friend of my family's. People we see In Shtetl I found many endeavors- Rings. Not looking at the heavier Economic Situation of the Jewish Command- Kerung and under pressure from the Polish Government, developed in Derechin An intelligent youth, which was Active on various areas of Yiddish Cultural life. It was then in the- Chin A rich library, which has too Serves as a center for the youth and A place for discussions about all kinds of questions People tore themselves apart in the big world And did not know exactly where to run At that time they were in Derechin An amateur theater, which has the same Summer raised the "dukes" of old Katzizne. The pairing in occurred Saturday to night in the barracks. Child and Kate let herself go there, having each Someone had someone who was Participated in the disguise. My brother Issachar was also among the artists, And I'm sitting with our family- Lite and trembled that he might at least well Book Thirty Play his RAL. Everything is in order. I felt particularly close to him My brother Samuel. He was already there Married to Bashke Flotkin and me Used to sit together whole nights and Conversations. From time to time also used the Mom sat with us, but we cared for her Send sleep and do not let her sit late In the night. For us, these were pleasant days, Weeks and months. The younger brothers cared Go spend every evening with their friends Rim and then come home and tell The Nice of Shtetl. I went again Hike to the empty mountain, to the frescoes And in orchards, in the places that are Was the pride of Derechin. I have Happened to very many townspeople, having Virtually everyone has had a relative in it America and wanted to know how it feels Him there. Very often I have spent Come the Alps. Malka was beautiful then 239 In Eretz-Israel and the other sisters Came home on their summer- Vacations. We used to meet often and Spend together. I've been pregnant for 6 months, Until size came the time of return No America. I stayed until mine Dad's birthday, which falls on the 19th Day in Cheshvan. A sleigh was hired And on a cold snowy morning We all traveled to Tatn's tomb. In the evening The brothers went to school Kaddish say. In a few days I will be Left. Difficult was the separation. My brother Samuel continued to escort me to Warsaw. Where did I leave from? America. Let the memories serve as a tombstone of mine Shtetl Derechin, which is gone with Smoke, and my dearest and dearest, which Perished on Kiddush Hashem. I was a witness in the trial of a false plot / Leah Schlechter-Shapira After my aunt Elka Savitsky was widowed, it's hard She had to run her shop, which was remote From her home. So she decided to move the store into Residence apartment. Once upon a time, before Easter - Narrow, appeared a gentile she had never known Him, asked her to give him flour in a round, adding it That her husband would always give him without money. When she Refused to give it to him, asked her to sell him seeds In cash. She took newspaper from a newspaper that was lying on The table and he packed the kernels for him, and he left. After that he repeated once more, saying he had achieved Money, and asked her if she had challah inhaled From this flour. When she went out to get the challah, Hess- The foreign pick to hide on the shelf of a package of saccharin, which was The law prohibits a severe ban on the sale. When two- Religious appeared with the challah, the villain told her the challah began Does not like him, and went to him A short time later the "excise" inspector appeared and asked Her, if she sells saccharin. When she answered in the negative, Went straight to one of the shelves and took out from a certain place Saccharin box wrapped in newsprint. She caught As soon as it was the foreign buyer's plot. She Familiar with the piece of paper in which you packed it for him The nuclei. The piece of paper matched the newspaper that was Another lay on the extruder A trial was held in the Salon District Court, i Warsaw Kolikowska, sister of Avraham Hershel, We testified: When we stood in the doorway of the store, we saw that the stranger He reached for the shelf, as if looking at something He in turn brought in several witnesses, who are also alleged They bought saccharin from her, but the judges did not find it appropriate Hear them. Before the judge was presented as proof paper- The packaging together with the newspaper from which a piece of 20 The paper. My aunt came out entitled and the gentile paid all Legal expenses. In the second trial against him, which took place in Darchin, they asked From where did he get the saccharin. He continued to argue Who bought it from my aunt. Here too they did not want to- Moves his witnesses. My brother Leibe / Leah We went through difficult childhood. As refugees from the First World War, Sent out with all the Jews of the war- Zone, we arrived in Derechin. Shortly afterwards our father died And the mother was left a widow with Three orphans, whom she had to feed And grew up in those difficult war years. Hunger, hardship, cold and drowsiness of art To place were our bitter fate. Only after the war, when Sais renewed Became the contact with America, have We found our relatives, took us Help and we started eating full. My brothers Leibe and Chaim have learned There is no Talmud-Torah. The Colonel RB took on She insisted she should say Kaddish afterward Father. I remember, like a lion, whatever Then there was a little angel, used to Say Kaddish, under the supervision of Kolaner Rabbi, standing on a stool. After this he had completed the Talmud- Torah was sent to him by his mother Slonimer Yeshiva. He said there very diligently Studied and the Rosh Yeshiva was very Happy of him, All of a sudden, the lion joined in In the Helutz organization. He said, That he no longer wants to eat any bread of grace as Sitting-guy, just working, life of his Work and emigrate as a pioneer to any country- Israel. The mother was beyond herself, Book Thirty The trial aroused much interest among the population Jewish in Darzain, and despite his evening on Friday The courtroom was full. The plot was eventually punished in a few years Imprisonment. So we breathed a sigh of relief, Elioch-Yatwitzker Cried, asked Ba - but He no longer wanted to be in yeshiva Go. Leiba was a conscious pioneer And an activist in the movement for Working Israel. In those years was There was already a strong surge in Derechin. Organization, to which I also have Geert. Were between me and lions Open up ideological realms, I still did, as a young girl, very much Few understand, and body cares for me Remember that we, as workers, need to To the striker and not to the beggar, which He even used to call by name, Fa- Shisten ", The race between Beitar and the Left Zionist organizations are even sharper Became because of the competition between the two Hachshara kibbutzim in Derechin, one of Beitar and the Second of Commerce. I ge- Remember that the Betriese had training Her apartment on Slanimer street. No work Was in Derechin not even before Ain Kibbutz-Hachshara. The haksharanikes used to Chop wood, carry water and winter season Cut the ice to the well. At the Beitar meetings, I used to Brother Leibe disturbs the speaker with between- Call and with various questions, with which He used to opt to put the speaker in front- For pleasure. I care for my fellow-members pre- Book Thirty Cast for the obstacles on the part of my brother And not once did I come home Crying. Meanwhile, World War II has erupted. War. My brothers are away in the woods, Fought in the partisanship and thanks My fraternal care for me is me Survived and arrived in the country Israel. My brother Leibe was a bold one Partisan, he was one of those Went on Derechin, attacked Ruda Yavarska, along with other Derechins My father's house The house of my forgotten father stands before the eyes of the people Memories of those years I spent in my town Drezien the beautiful childhood days. It seems, and the house stands Still as I left him, before I immigrated to Israel, in the yard The synagogue (school yard). Our house was a machine in my mouth All, the high windows "(; the high windows". I understood then the nickname literally, in me His windows were high without being able to peek Inside, unlike the other small houses on fire. The courtyard of the synagogue was surrounded by all my houses The beautiful midrash and on the side also stood out the nice house of Rabbi of the city. What else was missing in this yard! Even an ancient cemetery bordered you. They barely protruded above the fence as we peered through it Out of curiosity, the old tombstones raised by Moss And plants from most days and years. We heard sometimes According to one of the elders in the town, stories about The cemetery, from those they once heard from their father, Their grandfather and grandfather. Rumors were circulating among us The children on demons and the spirits of the travelers in the vicinity The place, and it was enough in these stories to bring down on us Horror and fear. We grew up and realized what this place means Only honor and holiness, We spent our best years playing in the yard This one. Everything was concentrated near my father's house. My children 241 Burned the Kozlushchiner mill, out- Performs all kinds of combat duties. He fell from the hands of Antise- Middle, which have not lacked also in the Partisan. Of inhuman fatigue Said he once, standing on the watch, Snoozed with gun in hand. D Christian commanders issued against him- Given a death sentence, how they always behaved Practice with Jews. So did my brother Leibe, the bright- Disher partisan, found his deed in forest. In "Schulhof" / Lia Katz-Bialostutsky The school would go out for a walk on their banner And would gather in our great courtyard. Old men were Going out for Kiddush Livna with voices and prayers, of course, Only in this courtyard of the synagogue. Bar-Minan, In contrast, is led to world rest, and how not to do His last way in the synagogue courtyard, and a voice The reader, "Charity will save from death" would have foretold us Something bad and scary. And what increased our joy when we were informed that a wedding About to be held in the city! We did not have to look anymore And bother. From every corner of the city the celebrants would come To us, to the big yard: the young couple with a crowd The in-laws and after them flock all the inhabitants of the town, From fire to old age, accompanied by the orchestra, You condemned the special and traditional Jewish singer, who- Musicians at weddings. And the city of Dresden was rejoicing And joy. And here are rumors from eyewitnesses, Manny- The roaster of the Holocaust, whose name is also the Nazi oppressor, will be wiped out Choose this beautiful courtyard as the center of the ghetto For our unfortunate parents and families, to perform His cruel actions. So land was sanctified Our shul-yard in the blood of our dear parents. And the pure blood will never cease to cry out The earth. 242 According to testimony, my father was one of the last victims of the Wheat of the twelfth of Av 1942 and his grave - in the tomb Brothers around his house. My mother died two weeks ago Book Thirty The slaughter and was one of the crowd of ghetto saints, who won To come to Israel-burial, The Pain of Memories / Rivka Saglovitz-Diyhovsky It's hard to write about Mom and Dad's house, which I left behind While I was still a young girl. What's always Their beloved figure accompanies you and serves as a candle At your feet. A simple and humble home was our home and did not always shine We are lucky to be in the trading business. But a warm home There was an open door for all who needed and needed. I was a girl Still during the First World War. Parents Nash- Arrow then without a penny, because the "Fritz", which father Trade with him, fled to Russia for fear of the Germans. Monday My younger brothers, almost children, went to collect potatoes. Lives soil in abandoned fields. I remember, mother Then gathered to our house an orphan without parents, covered Wounds and lice. She cut his hair with her own hands She burned his clothes, bathed and dressed him, arranged Him in Talmud-Torah and after the rabbi inquired who he was, He was found to have a father in America. It was two years Kissing (that was his name) in our house. There were several in the city Families of refugees, including celebrities In Torah and in honor, but without means. Mother was Recruits me and my sister, from a series of food packages, And modestly, on Thursday evening, sends Us to their homes. A poor bride if needed Landowner, our mother would pass between my daughters The gentlemen in town and those who respected her and helped her not- End of bedding, some money, and the big room in Our house served as the wedding hall, A simple house was our home with respect for father and mother. My brother for many years maintained the house quietly, come- In her and in understanding. When I begged my brother Jacob in 1933, While visiting, to come to Israel, he asked me about Who will leave the "old trees." I will not be uprooted Them from their house "- said my brother. And he paid for His loyalty to his young life. On the night of the extermination sent The mother and my sister-in-law with the children among the first The fugitives and he was in the collection, and so a space fell near The river. My dear mother remained and was tormented in her agony 6 months in the woods and being already frozen in half her body Begged the people as they fled the forest Afraid of German attack:, Take me with you, yes I have good children, they will reward you! "These were Her last words, given to me by witnesses who were Close to the forest. Wow I was comforted. That in her last hours she thought For our good. After two days, the people returned to the place Hide and seek. The souls of my father, mother and brother will be bundled in a bundle Life, Destruction Destruction Book of Revelation 245 Her condition is on fire Brothers-tomb My town Derechin / Katia Khlebnik-Bialastatsky Small town of mine, are engraved in the memory of mine, I see you from afar --- and my heart is oppressed-- I see you swaying quietly in the shadows, Though darkness reigns in your streets. My destroyed derechin, you are dear and dear to me, You always accompanied me on my wander-way. My bright youth-joy away with you in fire, But my weeping on your ruins will never go away. Stand on stone in your streets, sobbing voices Tear out of fields soaked with blood, Get rid of the smoke of the fire, for your heavens are blue, Like in that spring, when all was well. As in those Sabbaths, when they went forth Passing my window Jews with tlitim to the shul. With sabbath joy glistened eyes, A joy with which every home was filled. But now I know that it will be in your deserted streets No longer detract from the joy of every home. I know: no more, no more Jewish derechin, With, Shme Yisroel is gone my town in grave. 246 Sepo Darzain Thus perished the Jews Edda in Derechin / Masha and Abraham-Hirsch Kulakowski It comes to mind on March 23rd 19. A cold rain mixed with snow is Fell without interruption of the morning hours The snow did not last long and is Melted under the legs. A swampy leaf Covered the streets and alleys of the Rechin. The 23rd day of the month was a Day on which the Jews waited Long - This was the fair-day, when Thousands of peasants used to come to town In selling their products and shopping Various items, such as kerosene, salt, sugar, Shoeware. Apparel a. D. Gal. The market-place Was packed with hundreds of wagons. The peasants hurried to sell theirs Merchandise, to still catch up in the pub something Drinking out, chatting with acquaintances, Buy what they need and arrive back Enter the village before nightfall Accidents. First announcement of war Outwardly, it looked like a habit. Hole market day, but he remembers it that way We were very sorry that day. Lived the first gospel of a possible War, and this was the beginning of The great tragedy that has been going on for years Later happened Derechin and apart Her Jews. On that day we were struck by thunder The demand for immediate mobilization Offer. Several hours before the arrival of the Nobody knows about the mobilization Not even dreamed of such a sudden Shear. Now it has become clear - it Smells like war, The first mobilizers were rushed Across the streets of small towns to indulge Urgent matters. Their mothers Complained and complained that it had literally torn By the heart. But the older folks still did Remember the mobilization of 1914 and yourself Mention how tragic she was then taken Became by everyone. But nobody did himself Thereby not wanting comfort. We are all Was shocked. In such heavier Moods are the mobilized up on the Wegner and departed no zelue, to the Train station. A few days and the first are gone Letters began to arrive. The youth Were somewhere on the Polish-German Border, heavily occupied with military Exercises, and everything is fine with them. But the Tense mood in Derechin continued Everything continued. Thus are days, weeks, and months, In our soldiers are still not there Returned home. From time to time used to Some of them come down on a few days Leave, but of military service is None of us were released. Life went on as normal For instance, but the unrest has us not Abandoned. 5 months have already passed, here it is Already August, and the tense mood around Hold on all the time and become even Harder from day to day. Various informations And sounds do not hear themselves spread Among the Jews, and everyone's nerd Attracted to gar. It comes the last week of August. It Mobilize all survivors of Book Thirty The appointed yearling. In the air felt Itself that the war is near. The war breaks out On the morning of the 1st of September comes Without the bitter news: the German air forces Bombarded Swallowk and other poi- Lishe cities. Swears everyone heavily Hearts. We had radio time on radio Hear the words of the Polish President Mashchitsky and his Hope. And God will Help the Polish people overcome his Hate. It soon became clear to everyone, That this was in vain, Hard days, with news of the German victory- Come on, come on. The Jews sit mostly in the Houses, filled with fear. The trade is virtually Paralyzed. In town there is actually no No power at all. M passes over that the same Train station was bombed. This Taste of nearby bombs tasted derechin Rosh Hashanah. Some bombs fall outside The city and outsiders fear bring them no No harm, For fear of more German bombs for- Let's let me go and have a bear Needed. Our Polish neighbors advise us Escape from German planes, Vail They bombard only the IDF. But we Take on the ridiculous advice without laughing, Knowing we remember every second that the Germans Have a long account with us Jews. The war lasted almost two weeks, and They arrived on a certain day. Rechin several dozen Polish youths, Which are like a military formation Sent to save the order. Pre- It is clear that the "ordinance" was Lift with the Jews. Some Jews fell Sacrifices of their hands, and they had themselves Chose to continue their bloody work. With Weapons in the hands they pushed Several dozen Jews in an old parish That hair and wanted to subdue him 207 Only thanks to the energetic intervention of Urban Jews were saved by the city Of horrible death. The Soviets were killing us Then out came a sound in town: The Soviets crossed the Russian-Poles Border and she comes to save us. We did Then do not understand exactly with what it will Themselves express their salvation, but A great Joy has dominated all Jews. And the joy Was very understandable. The 17th of September is the rte Army crossed the border and with a forehead Days later we were privileged to see With our eyes the Soviet rescuers. It is hard to describe our joy. I then thought I was alive This happiest day of my life. The whole Jewish population, and also many Christians From Derechin and surroundings, are out Welcoming be the Soviet rescuers. Very Relationship to the residents was very Friendly. Their entry into town Made a colossal impression. Especially Were all enraged by the red Cavalrymen who arrived on the right- Thick on white horse, with gorgeous-looking Felines on the shoulders. They were around- Took and kissed every one who is to They approached with a greeting, the children They shared small red flags as well Remembrance of the happy day. Our all- His joy knew no bounds. Really Christ's times ... Attendance at the ceremonial meetings was Tens of thousands of people gather from The whole surrounding area. Derechin is They were simply too small to accommodate everyone. In many ways, the masses Expressed their enthusiasm with release- Risen Red Army and its splendid leader Stalin. Very quickly began her work 248 City administration. It is soon determined Became further used with Polish money And the value of zlati was equal to Worth of Soviet rubles. The arrived Russians began buying everything Has allowed himself. In comparison with the prices When they are at home, the goods, especially Their clothing and footwear, however, were ridiculous. Cheap. In Derechin a new one arose Hundreds of Jews who were Escape from German-occupied territory in the west Poland, had flowed into the Byelorussians Cities and towns and are en masse- Come also no derechin. And though the Derechiner Jews then did not live in Excessive luxury, however, they took up The Newcomers; Beginners "with open Poor. Almost every house was inhabited Jews from Poland and they brought in a New color in Derechiner life. Together People with our Lithuanian toys have people Heard from all sides also the Polish Singing Yiddish language. The reciprocal The boys were generally friendly. Here comes the Soviet Reality Our joy with the Soviet rescuers Began to be gradually extinguished. According to strict orders, life has Adopted the well-known Soviet style. Free trade is not, in fact, Praised. One central store is Opened, and she needed it Serve the entire population with all necessities Tick ​​products. Officially there are none Restrictions were not introduced, however In fact, nothing could be obtained. When it became known that it was If there is a product in the store, Immediately lined up a long line, In which the "Strong." Thus, for example, 400 were divided Book Thirty Gram sugar each family on several New. On how much I remember, said ours Family received only once for the whole Time of the Soviets such a portion of sugar. There were those who even agreed. Given receive in one division more than one Portion. Few families knew each other Provide with everything that is necessary for life. Life has been very difficult, however This did not stop the good, friendly Relationships that have formed between The Soviet soldiers and the local youth. So we became friends with a high Officer, a Jew, who spoke a Gentile "Yiddish, but has recited bio- Leak on the outside. Gradually, people joined in In various jobs, who as an official, Teacher or worker in one of the Created Articles ", Labor Co-operatives. We still had a hard time getting used to it To the thought that for late some Minutes to the bed can be strictly To be punished, even with arrest. Abey You can get used to everything. Thus time passed. There are It has been 21 months since the arrival of The Soviet power. And then suddenly came the 22nd June 1941. Days of fear and panic Bitter Job-gospels come and chase one The second. The Germans bombed me. Literary Camps, Flug Places, Railway Station Ties, highways and cities. The Soviet Union Liter-lights are completely disoriented And confused, On that sad June 22nd, the Airplanes also appear on the air. Chin. The same train station is Bambar- Dirt became. Had an indescribable panic Dominates the population, and especially the Eden. The surrounding falcons rejoice with the Jews Book Thirty Misfortune. They strongly hated these Soviet rule and now they have Thought of revenge. Our heart told us that it was The most terrible period is approaching Our lives. In the evening, all the young men received Mobilization announcements and mornings they had Had to deliver to the collection point in Same. But the side is, it turns out, Been well informed about everything and already from Yesterday they strongly criticized this Just. The Soviet officials had nothing There was no other way but to disperse all Gathered youths. He is alive Remaining from the German bombs escapes home. With the return of the mobilized is The mood in Derechin is even heavier Became. A deeper sadness enveloped All Jews. On the second day, Monday morning, everyone had Soviet officials leave Derechin and Started running east, towards the Russians Border. Along with her also ran a Part of the youth. The roads were Filled with military and civilian. Everything is Ran into Russia. But quite a few Managed to break through and arrive in The places were still Soviet Sovereignty. The roads were cut off By fire from the Germans and their detachments. People fell on the roads of Germans Coal. The survivors behaved as they did Dragged back home. Derechin was blinded without a power. On Fourth day, Wednesday. Has spread a Rumor has it that a German tank is fast moving Ran the city. Nobody wanted to Believe that something like this should happen - in Derechin was still stationed alone Of the best Soviet peoples, and the UN Guys who were friends with The Russian military did not say so Once how good and modern the people are 249 Armed. Has the people left his Base in Derechin a defense? D Questions were thus asked of all Sides, until we were surrounded that in City is no longer left alone Soviet soldier. The Germans are here Derechin was arrested on June 27 Became by the Germans. A descendant of German Paratroopers entered the town while doing so Regular German army was still in Same. Entering the city, they had Soon opened a huge shooting and genu- Everyone is being evicted from their homes Yard of Church. Also to us are Enter German black-clad SS-lite, With the white scarves on their uniform And we were told to go with our hands raised To the church, The entire population, young and old, Jews And Christians, was gathered there, in One German reported that Derechin Is occupied by the Germans and becomes City declares an exception-and-war-to- Tanned. Suspicious people were immediately arrested Blocked aside. To be, cover- Ticket "as a fleeing Soviet soldier Was enough to shave his head Or smooth cut off. They also started- Ben divides the people into Jews and Christians. So we all stood there and We did not know what would happen to us. And Suddenly a miracle happened that struck us That day left alive, but burned More than half a city. Until now, it is not known exactly who it is Just in that hour of death-fear opened A cannon fire on Derechin. According to one Opinion has the regular German army, who Went from Zelva to Derechin Destroy the city, not knowing that it is Already occupied by German paramedics Others know to tell that this has a 250 Soviet department that wanted to by- Tear down the German lines, opened fire. One way or another, but the falling guns Coal, which ignited the neighbors Houses of churches, were thus confused the German heroes that they had taken to running back And back as the forsaken ms. We are Themselves all disbanded from churchyard, to the Burning houses. He was rescued What's going on? Then people took over Run save yourself from fire in the fields Around town. When we returned We found our house burned down. Until Who when we entered into shire, who Extinguished the fire. At night, the SS-lights wanted to start Marden Eden. We're lying in bed, Along with neighbors and new refugees, who First arrived from the Soviet Union Be. Suddenly we were surrounded by Germans Soldiers, armed with hand grenades. She Entered into Shire, named all men Raise your hands, take from them the Gers and every thing that had a value. The women did not touch them. They did We were told to stay in Shire and not ourselves Move. Whoever leaves will soon Be shot. We are depressed and frightened So sat and did not know what to come- Thick minutes will bring. The small Children were crying, wanted to go home, click Knew that from their home remained Burnt walls. The adult mammals Sat and their heart was broken. I've heard so many stories- About the German atrocities, about Bes- Thialian murders. If this is true, they are Already perhaps our last minutes. A grief From the to-do mix we are overwhelmed Nobody spoke, no one touched Art. The German patrols are watching us, we hear Their steps around sheer. A dark night around us. What will the Book Thirty Night bring us! Will we still survive See the beautiful of morning 1 Around midnight a Strong shooting from all sides. The coal of Automatic guns fly right over and over. Very hairy. And we sat inside Thus trapped in a trap. My father, A former Russian soldier in the First World War. Explain me chef- Chending the direction of the coals. Of mother- The children do not sleep and cry. D Mother God sits over them and watches over them, and Tears well up in her eyes The greatness of the morning diminishes the Black darkness, can already be felt Walk one quietly to the door and M. looks out through a sparrow. See Sal- Data on motorcycles shows that The Germans received reinforcements. But that The morning is getting brighter, one recognizes That these were Soviet solstices. Bald Stone We saw that our German patrols were Split up. In tumult of battle were They forget without us, and that's how we live Survived. One miracle after another. In the morning we left for the city Entered. There we learned, oh a Part of a Soviet division that in Was surrounded by German troops, Wanted to be penetrated by the Germans Lines and, having no other choice, In the middle of the night, the Germans attacked the town. A fight broke out in the streets Does and lives. The city is literally besieged Became with cannons. None of the in- Residents did not close their eyes. Zum End of the battle the Russians succeeded Broke through and they went through the Rechin continued to the east, looking for a way out To their crumbling formations. The Germans ran from Derechin Left. Good news, but long has the Joy not held. Soon arrived The news that the Germans had arrived Book of Zerzain No helinkets, murders and also life- Dick buried 140 Jews. Of Derechin Themselves they carried away all on which There was a suspicion that they were Soldiers in Soviet Army and up to now- Nobody knows where they got them from. Killed. They were the first victims Of the German rule in Derechin After being dead for a while - Fallen, The Nazi terror reigns Around the 15th of July he entered the town- Come a whole camp of the Nazi angels- Sabotage. In a matter of minutes, everyone had Idf Men and women, at age 14 b 60 years, had to gather on the market- Place. For those present, one of the SS-lite gave a short speech. He did Reported: From tomorrow, the 16th of July, must All Jews aged 14 and over Sew yellow lathes in the size of 10 Square-centimeters. For not wearing this Shame-sign,. Or for incorrect entries Him, warned - do on place. All Jews from 14 to 60 years must daily Early in the morning apply for compulsory Working. As a wage for the work has been Peculiar, received very often blows, and Later - even a bullet. The Jews are for- Bats were walking on the sidewalks, living Neighbors with Christians go out of their way Houses after 5 p.m. Thus began the series of decrees. To preserve all decrees and commands had The Germans nominate a "Judenrat". The German rulers appealed to the Council With contempt and ridicule and its members Treat no better than all other Jews. The forced labor varied And strange'dike. Their real purpose was Exterminate the Jews until death. We did Dug graves and buried them back, Moved large, heavy stones from 251 One place on second and later them back Towed on their previous place. Els Supervision of women's work is decided- Timt became one of the "benefactors", a Gevser Belkovich, a calm and kind Man, limping on one leg. He used to Apologize every time he is Came to call us to work. It's for It was no secret to anyone that a girl who Going out to work can still be daunting Not coming back, he used to calm us down And promise that we will still be able to see it Bitter end of the murderer. Not once did I catch myself full With fear in the middle of the night, perhaps for- I was late for work. Here it is Clock around 2pm, in three hours around Do I have to report to the Gestapo? Command. The main killer himself used to count And control his workers, curse all Jews and cruelly beat whoever he is Just fell in love. The whole procedure is a Terrible and degrading. You thought Please note that you may not call by name at all "Man" is the German beast that stands for You with eyes that flutter with hatred. There is not much time on such thoughts. An order is issued to leave the court and Start the work. Throughout the whole day We are transformed into robots that do All not entering into purpose of The work. We are fed up and Pain. Winter, for example, we needed Clean all the streets of snow, and that's it Winter sent us the upper Snow without a measure. I'm standing in the marketplace, On which the fairs take place Even in those days more peasants used to come Every 23rd to market day. We need to Frame the great place of snow and of everything What the horses and chariots had there Abandoned. And the snow reaches us until The knee. The broken peasants look On us with mockery, as they would be refreshed 252 With a vengeance against the Jews Girls who had not lived long A quiet life, learning, hoping and Dreamed about things, of which the peasants Had no consent. Once in such a depressing hour of vision I'm not far from me my neighbor Sonia Gratchuk. Lately, we have had very little Drop, because of the strict "closing hours" We all used to stay whole evenings for- Locked in our houses. Sania stands and Does not work. I ask her what happened And she tells me that whenever we can We're damaging and spoiling what's doing Germans mean us doing. And thereby narrated She gave me a surprising news: in the There are thousands of Belovezher forests Partisans. They are waging a guerrilla war against The Germans. Here Sania is suddenly silent Became --- farther arrived the Execution of the Derechiner Jews in his High-gloss boots and leather shorts, Which he received from the Jews and not Once she stained with toy blood. We Were soon both bent over and taken To the work. With a few months later, a conscience Summer-day, is no derechin suddenly on- A group of Estonian policemen arrive. We Were all shocked. The Estonians Were already known as wild animals. Every Christian who has had an argument or Just hatred of a Jew, knew him Agreed, and the Estonians carried out The murderous punishment. So they used to be sent Be on bloody, gastronomic "in the Towns. Not much time has passed, and Mifat already the first victims to the Police. There she is put up A truck and drives them out from behind The city. I find out that Sania Grat- Shuk is also among them. Later had witnesses Tells that when the car was driven In the middle of the market, Sania picked her up Book Thirty Head, to say goodbye to the forced- Workers. An Estonian has with the calf Of gun you a blow given over head and She fell dead in car. Two years Later I had no graves on the way Found on brother's grave in which Sania was buried. With types of silence I bore her a bright memory. Job-news about stocks In the meantime, clan- Gen. That in Slonim there is no reason why Took 1100 Jews and deported them An unknown direction. A few days late Then it was discovered that he had them All shot not far from the city. Also from other cities and towns are Arrived similar bitter gospels. The Unrest among the Jews increased by day To day. He lived in constant fear, Until the days of gladness arrived, that Were transformed in that year for We do not really have terrible days. On the first day of Sukkot, the Jews, like Usually, issued quite early to the work. But this time they were not sent to Very common work, but the police Led them completely into another Direction. It was in vain that afternoon Waiting for the parents, husbands and brothers, They first returned after 26 hours Inhuman work. They were digging A giant 'pit, 45 meters long, 20 meters The width and 4 meters deep, Why do the Germans have to be so big Groove? Various versions are circulated- Among the Jews. Tried for- Tumbled the evil premonition and said that Potatoes will be made there And other products. But the pit has come None of brain not appeared. It's about you Talking day and night and she is us Everyone often came in dreams. Book of Zerzain By the time the order is issued, That all Jews should withdraw from Christian houses and from the mixed streets And settled in the so-called Jew- Neighborhood that has embraced one side Mark and the school-yard. Quite often used Receive no Derechin SS-lite from others Cities, and the Jews then used to go through hours Of indescribable death-fear. This town Used to be immediately surrounded by mili- Ter and police and the hostages took care of themselves Search Jewish homes for gold, Money, leather and other valuables Such robbery revisions are always accompanied Were with murderous blows. After such Cases the Jews used to breathe a little. But they were not allowed to breathe for long. The first months of the German Occupation in the Local Administration Were in the hands of the Polish militia. Her relation to the Jews is no better Were like the Germans. This 17th of November There were 11 SS-lights overturned- The leadership of the city in theirs Hands. At the top of the murderous group Stood a young dangerous sadist, Fritz. He was bloodthirsty as a Wild animal. The Polish militia is exchanged By Belarusian police, which is not Better than its predecessor. The Germans did Settled in the building of China and From there, their bloody lords spread. " Shaft over the city. Fritz was the Ladder on the Jewish Question. Hundreds of Idf used to fly every day Old and young, gathered before the staff of the Gestapo-lite and from there go to the Work Listen Learn. There are no such people at all Work not been in Derech, but the The Germans enjoyed watching Hungry and ravaged Jews stand a All day in the rain and snow and hail With the last power. 253 The GWB takes on victims The situation became increasingly dire. Tolerable. The Gentiles were forbidden to There is contact with Jews and Jews It became increasingly difficult to obtain Livelihoods. There is no Jew in the market Dared to buy, even when he had Money. Not infrequently there have been cases, when passing Buy some milk for the children, or a A loaf of bread, a Jew was shot in Mid-market. Death also awaited the Who dared to leave town, either Go to the local Christians to find out who To eat. Terrible news often arrives By all sorts of ways, from the neighboring towns. The Jews in Boro had already been exterminated. Navich, Haradishch. This life is coming to us As died. There was only talk about Does and saw him always before the eye Little children had already known to Escape from Bloody Fritz. Every night Have two-year-old children ask theirs Moms, can I get out tonight? Will the night be a quiet one. Purim-time was taken from Derechin A for a hundred men no slanim to the Work Listen Learn. They were led under a Strict watch from Germans and police, from The Derechiner sections. It was strong It was cold and the Jewish youth were Dressed in torn clothes and boots. Led Have them, of course, on foot, on the road Murderously struck every one who is Paused for a moment. Some of them were in a bit of time Returned no Derechin without a der- Praise. The Germans thought about it Grown and a certain day end of April Arrested the fleeing youths with theirs Families. Whom he found only in theirs Houses were evacuated in the Police. Without any investigation one was She lasted a whole night, literally beaten 254 Death-blow. This is the 30th of April Everyone, around 200 people, evacuated to The great pit, lem needs radishak. Some of them understood what the Got ready, and took a run over the fel- The. He chased them and left them lying On the fields. Everyone else joined Blow thrown into large pit And opened fire on them from the car. Weapons and grenades. The pit was closed. Shade with earth that has barely covered the Dead and partly still alive victims. Of those who fell on the fields Was one woman, who is only for- Wounded. With torments she herself Dragged back into town, Jews did The woman was secretly taken to hospital, Did the Germans know about it? Carried the unfortunate on cemetery and There she was shot. Morning after the terrible day of slaughter Is the Ladder for Jewish Affairs, Fritz, Came to the Jewish workers, they threw Done the leather coat his and Command: Clean up the mantle of Jews Acorn ?, Thus the Radishsky pit was taken up The first victims, First echoes of forest The Germans carried out a registration Of all Russian citizens who are pre- Stay in our area. It was reported Around 100 people. These were soldiers And officers of the Soviet Army, who Could not get out after German attack on the Soviet Union, due to the Whole region of Belarus is real Were surrounded by German forces soon after In the early days. They had worn out theirs Soviet military uniform and uniform The local peasants went to work. The registered Russians owned the Germans Arrested and taken in the direction Book Thirty Of Slonim. On the way no links were made They all poured out. When all remaining Russians Concerned neo-hippies and their global warming, i'll tell ya Flee from the villages into forest. She Were the founders of the partisan movement In our regions. Rumors about the partisans and theirs Bold deeds were done by no one- Chin. It was told about them literally legends- That their number reaches many thousands, That they are armed with modern weapons, At that time, these were only legends. This, later it became a reality- Kate. But the sounds raised this Courage came to the Jews, there was little hope Awakens in the hearts that the Germans want Now a little fear had to start with The Jew. Many angels began Thinking about going into the woods. But no It was so easy to leave the ghetto Entered forest. A danger did not threaten Gar of the Germans, who would take revenge Taking on the families of the partisans, But also from the side of the Jews To introduce antagonism between one Some Jews and some others were Germans Divided the Jewish population on , Useful "Jews and on useless". D Useful? Were the ones who heard Pray for the Germans. They did this Suppose the "useful" Jews are safe With their lives. To receive a note from A "profitable" Jews paid large sums The associates of the German sovereign and his Get ready for the toughest and toughest Sixth job of serving the Germans Understand that the whole story with The beauty of useful Jews came later Manifested as a cruel German bluff, To sow hatred and envy between one Jew and another The second, so as to weaken them greatly Vigilance against the dangers that posed On them glued mtsd the German From the real and fresh-baked husbands- Book Thirty Crafts were organized by the Germans, Ar- Tell ", a large toy house was demolished And opened workshops there. The rural Inhabitants, who were accustomed to Craftsmen, used to turn to the The hired workers were the Jews Carry out what is paid. Were many Peasants, who had in no way complements Was with such heinous exploitation of The unfortunate Jews and they used to bring With yourself for the artisans a little over, A fleshy milk - and all this in secret, Because they are strict in helping a Jew Was punished. The keys which Jews had Had until the arrival of the Germans Of she was confiscated still in the former Days, and this little milk has literally risen Souls were the little children. It Remember how hard it was to bring The donated products of the workshop Who were outside the ghetto, at home Entered. My little brothers ah Made a small carriage and cared for it They, with danger to lives, through sidewalks And pile, bring home the few products. This is how things turned out in the ghetto, in 1940 Houses, about 4 thousand people of Derechiner, ,; Bezentses? And Jews brought from Halinke And columns. Around 500 useless "Jews had Lived outside the ghetto. No contact Is between the separate parts of the There was no Jewish population. Creating such conditions is not easy Were thinking of going into the woods, Because no one was ready to go out All ghetto Jews are in danger of death. Especially Against the mood of going into the woods Were the Jews who lived with The illusion of their uselessness "for German occupier. And in spite of all this the youth did Secretly preparing to leave in the woods And to put a resistance in the latter Ter minute. Those who worked in the 255 Magazines, where he sorted the weapons Which fell into German hands With the departure of the Russians, they used to leave Gradually and gradually parts of arms, Coal. So they put together a 20 Guns and vending machines and concealment Ter the city, there may be no suspicion gives cases On the Jews. A decision was made Use with arms only when sweating Already no alternative not be. M'Darf Remember what dangers went with it Related This exported goods from the Germans Magazines, in order to understand the heroic Works of the Derechiner youth. It was felt that the end of the century- Beautiful Jews are approaching. The Germans did Already sucked out of the Jews, by country- Buttsies, the last worth-things. From time to time The council of the Jews had time, according to him: Demand by the Nazi territorial powers in Slonim, required to supply kilograms of gold, Silver, fodder, large sums of money - And the Jewish houses are already out- Was offended. The Jews themselves are already Were exhausted from hard work And hunger. The deaths in the ghetto are Became an uncommon phenomenon. There were shots fired All: the Germans, the police, every single one Had a heart on the Jews and wanted to From them take revenge, not even thinking Why and why not: The situation of the Jews themselves is still there Seemed better a little. Zelwa has officially He belonged to the "Third Reich", and he was there Leaving the Jews alive. He even paid them For forced labor. In the eyes of Derechiner Jews looked the same as before A guide. No wonder people did All done to catch up with no one else. This was not an easy task, because Only before leaving the ghetto did people Could get a voice. It's click too It was easy to find a Christian, whatever May agree, even for a lot of money, 256 Transferring Jews from Derechin to the same area. Nevertheless, a considerable number succeeded Jews Conquered in the "Paradise" of Same. I myself accompanied two sisters-in-law Gerins my and a youth-neighbor and myself with They said goodbye to the border of ghetto, for Their smuggling the borders no same. Blessed I have been with them forever, because I I'm sure our end is near. The bitter hour Struck out Tisha B'Av 5722 and the day after that, J. Bab, July 24, 1942, will never Not to be forgotten by all Jews all over the world. The tense mood had already been felt On the day of Tisha B'Av. Jews fasted, Asked for redemption for himself and for the Germans A discrimination. The fast and the prayers did not Saved. The fate of the Derechine Jews Was signed that day. Something was felt that day in the Air more pulverized than ever. The Germans And the police arrested him that day In ghetto. The Jews became restless And took run one to another, himself Inquire, seek advice. A certain Jew, shows A messenger from the Germans appeared Assure that there is no reason to Fear not, nothing will happen and you can calm down We got out and slept Usually, laid sleep in these things. Book Thirty It was still dark when the ghetto Was surrounded by Germans and Police. We are anointed --- my brother-in-law My God, my husband, our acquaintance and I was outside the ghetto. We did No eye not closed and saw who it Get around the ghetto. My mother-in-law has every one of us Gave to a half spoonful of bread and she did We were constantly told we should flee. We All four are out of the house together Nothing took with him and took run To the fields. It's been a while. Ticker, and the police noticed us. A hail of coals struck him Over our heads. We are for- Nander ran in all directions, and from there I no longer have my mother-in-law Seen. My husband Abraham, our acquaintance Munie and I continued to run together. A large swampy leaf was before Us and our feet sank until Over the knee. For that we still needed Pass the Provincial Pops Court, And his father-in-law was known as Ministers of the Nazis. Show that they are We all slept, we succeeded Sneak through dangerous yard. After scrolling through the page with problems, We hid in a cornfield. Silence was all around. Farther away were Bore the echoes of a poem Shooting. The Fate of the Feldman Family / Rachel Efrat-Feldman My parents, Mendel Feldman and Peshe Born Bernstein, were of the Ong- See families in Derechin. Sizes were An extended family - 6 daughters and 2 Son. Only two children left alive The Family: The Writer of the Lines, Rachel Efrat, who is happily crossing- Traveled no America shortly before the Second World War II, and a son, Chaim Feldman, Wel- Book Thirty Hair has with his wife Lize and two little ones Angels went through seven stages of hell First in the Navaredker ghetto and afterwards In the partisan, in forest; They have Experienced all the horrible happenings And after getting out of the woods reached America and joined. The Feldman family is in Derechin Was like, "an institution" for itself Remember my father and mother EH, with Their hospitality and warmth Congratulations to everyone. My free, Mendel Feldman, is long Yarn was head-congregation of dereches and did With his wisdom and tactics lead the church Gain respect from the whole City. Opt his Jews came to him himself Hold on to advice because he is endowed with Be with common sense and sound logic. My mother is in ours and everyone's Eyes were the symbol of goodness. It is therefore understandable that we, the Children of the Feldman family, have Come a good education and have been Active among the youth in the town. My sister Tamara died before The war. All other brothers and sisters- Ter, besides my brother Chaim and me, are Perished from the murderous Nazi hands. The parent has in the first period of The Nazi occupation continues to try Guard the interests of Jewish community, however Very quickly he saw what a murderer it was Plans the murderers had prepared and collect Themselves they execute. A Certain Morning is of Nazi Commen- Then arrived the baffle that Mendel Feld- Husband and wife have to report to Ari- Go to the ghetto. The father always had one- Packed, pattern fitted all things. In a certain moment he is out of Home and did not return so quickly. Occasionally The mother's cry was heard: 257 Mendel Feldman Dan. Save! ". When neighboring neighbors are Running together, they saw my father Hang on attic, With the permission of the Nazis Then the funeral was arranged. When She passed through the streets of Derechin Cemetery, said the obnoxious commander With intent and malice shouted out on a Loud voice:, here accompanied one to burial this The coolest Jews in town. " The sons and daughters of the field- family Man, some died of mutilation Historical assassins, were: Khaya Dwa- Retsky with her husband Hirsch and two children (A third lives in Russia); Sheindel Bloom With her husband and daughter; Rivka Vinyatsky With her husband and 2 sons; Elke Weinstein with Her husband and 2 sons; Hirsch Feldman is Fallen into forest, with a heroic deed als Partisan, 258 Sepo Darzain The Germans Arrived / Sarah Wachler-Agulnik Already so many years have passed since those Days, and I still know all this awful thing Image gives forgotten. The experience of that Day when the Germans entered no derechin. The German Attack on the Soviet Border, June 22, 1941, presented to me Caught in Zheludak, where I was Guest came kind of bobbin. On the third day, Tuesday, after heavy bombardment, am I ran home from Zheludak quite early, No derechin. I'm through the 50 kg- Meter in one day and arrived i was A broken, no power not to stand On the legs, A strange, cruel silence reigned In the streets, when I entered no Derechin. I could not understand, Where does such a dead silence come from, While all the roads were full of refugees, People were running from place to place, often Aimlessly, looking for a way to save himself Of the Germans. I came out against Bashke Abelo- Witch. With her daughter Tsife I have Together taught in one class. She has me Helped approach until my home. The joy of My parents were understandable. In Derechin still maintained the dead Silence until Friday, This Friday, I strongly agree- Cricket in memory. I remember, like 9 o'clock early Tank tanks and armor were imported. Cars full of Germans. With arms in Both hands came to us Germans Soldiers and named everyone, Jews and Christians , Gather in a church in the courtyard, An old German said in a broken Russian reported on various orders Forbidden and forbidden. All men with salary Heads had they selected, meaning that things Are Russian soldiers. He has all this- Same day shot. As we were all standing in the yard Of the church, a bombardment opened Dirovke and this small town began Burn. The Germans were also frightened And took run to their machinef I ran to our house, having one Bomb has hit Beckenstein's wall And the fire went thither immediately To our home. The mother ZL held The children and I met the father Have taken throws from home everything we do Were able. Finally I still got caught My rover. Our HZ started burning in I lost sight of the commotion and the commotion Sort family. I ran away on the road Which leads to no slonim. The fields were filled with Jews and Their children. Am I sitting alone and myself Looked at the horror-pictures around me. Until This day it seems to me that this is not the case A cruel film. It started flashing And thunder and a goose-rain is down. Aero- Plans were flying overhead. D The Germans went there with their tanks And back. The town was on fire. The smoke is Were thick and choking. People have Hysterical cries. Cried, broken With the hands. Women with children in theirs Laps have torn the hair from head. M'hat Constantly heard calling various names, pre- Learned people have searched within this Other parents were looking for theirs Children, children groaned and groaned. Seeking their parents. Beef and sheep are Ran oil over the fields - A shock- To the war-child, Book Thirty 259 From "Sakhran" into the woods / Yehudit Yankelevich-Lantsevitsky Shortly after their entry into Derechin The Germans drove all the Jews together Around the church, men, women and children Without exception. In church itself they have to- Newly captured Russian soldiers. Suddenly a bomb attack opened Of airplanes, many houses have taken Burning and we were all devastated. This That same evening, the Russians re-entered Town and a whole night dragged on Bloody battles in and around Derechin. In the morning the Russians withdrew and the Germans returned. It started very bloody sir- Shaft. They also produced a yogurt Tortured the Jews with decrees, contributions And murder-acts. They often robbed Jews Houses, and our family is of the former Fell a victim of German plunder. They forced all Jews to Working only for a loaf of bread a day, And all the girls, according to the commandment, Had to commit to the job. I Am not going to work for them, came To us a German with a local policeman, Derechchiner Meshchanin Kazie Chap- Linsky,. And placed my father to the Wall, wanting to shoot him on the spot. Then am Me and my sister out of the basement, In which we hid and Away working with all derechin girls Buried grave, according to the instructions of The Germans, in the Schleswig-Holstein, on their way To Podzewie. When I'm A Ride Days Later- Came home, people had already come to us and Ba all Jews confiscated the property. As Furs, gold, jewelry, etc. Come to us People also took the cow, the 'horse and Wagon. Then the Germans emptied a ghetto And brought the Jews inside. The narrow Shaft was indescribable. Many Jewish youths were arrested Forced labor in a housing estate Camp ", magazines with guns seized from Soviet Army. The conditions ba der Work was terrible, and some Young men ran back from there Home, no derechin. The Germans Murdered the entire families of the Escaped. Summer 1942, a day after Tisha-Bab, were The Germans surrounded the ghetto, except Taking the Jews from the houses and hiding- And led them to the grave. There he was murdered and buried The majority are Derechin Jews. I hid that day in a "Sakron", along with another 20 people Our bunker was outside the ghetto, in A cellar of a mill. We left there- Sit all day, Police found the bunker, on- Tore the blanket and called us out. We are not out. The cops have Fear of going inside, have They closed the basement and left. At 2 o'clock in the morning we woke up The blanket, out of basement on attic, Broke the don and fled. I am Ran along with Mattie Bosak and Alter Colonor. We arrived in Wallier Forest. 20 Safo Zertzi, Barely mid-life appeared in waltzes / peshe feintilber When the news reached the radio, At the beginning of September 1939, according to Soviet agreement will not enter The Red Army became a town Noise and a commotion. Polish officials are Self broke and with her also ran The police and anyone else was afraid By the Soviet power., Meanwhile, Derechin remained without police And without protection. Have local Jewish boys, Along with Christians from the nearby villages, Taken over the power in Derechin,, ed "Until the Russians arrive." Have had a few arms ba himself. Soon the first night was knocked on At my door and we called open the store And issue red cloth on fan and To cover tables while picking up the red ones Army, Cubans of Polish Gkma The second night was by Derechin Passed three cars with Polish officers Ornaments, after which it should have arrived a Whole regiment of the Polish army. D Temporary power detained the Poles Officiate, they struck, taken from them the Cars and they themselves arrested. In small town There was a commotion and panic: here it comes Soon without the Polish regiment and the Poles Will vent their anger on the detainees Officers to us, Jews. Many Jews are themselves Get out of town and hide by Christians and in the fields. We had ourselves Hidden by Rushetskin,. This "Americans". With us was also the rabbi with the Rabbis and their children. In the morning, the rabbi was called Local Xiondz. M'ihat demanded of Rb er Should affect the youth they should issue- Let the Polish officers from prison, vile There is a danger that the Polish regiment will Arrival and destroyed making Derechin. With great Mi have the rb mid xionds received the Keys and released the officers, About 10 o'clock in the morning arrived The Polish Representative Army. The officer Have pointed out their soldiers on beckon- Tines House and tells that the "red", Which are they attacked and one of them Wounded, were later concealed in This yard. The falcons soon fired In Beckenstein's window. The whole family Was lying hidden in the basement, only the Elder Hirsch Beckenstein took her home Asked what they had to do with his house. With Shouting that they had been shot at Wall, they shot down the old beckon- Tyne. When the falcons retreated, Is Samuel Beckenstein out of basement, too See what's up with Brother in Haz When he sees his brother dead, he is dead Fell and from a heart-beat died on Place. Foyed and disappointed All Jews are out of their hiding places Tensions and took to preparing to take on the Red Army. In the morning we are on a wagon * Come the first Soviet soldiers. I did They met with joy and with pampering When the first tanks entered, people Kept shouting: "Zdravustuvvitie!" Teaching! Teaching! *. This whole township is out They met. The first four days have passed, and An order has been issued to open the shops And sell everything at the old, cheap prices. Sepo Darzain No new goods were from where Bring. Long weeks is before my store, and Also for other businesses, stood a Long line, mostly Russian officers and sol- Data, and I have thus sold out mine Entire store. The Soviet officers have Bought more from everyone and sent these Shopping Home, Kane Russia, So is away A year. There are no Shein arrived many Jews from Warsaw, Lodz, Australenke, Swalk and other cities. Poi- Lishian Jews fled from Germany, according to Shamu. He caused them great trouble, and she Were running to the Holy. A cake time yet Their arrival was announced by the Soviets. Mean all citizens, except those who have not Wanted to become a Soviet citizen, just stay Received their old Polish citizenship. In A ride months round is one in the middle of the night Came and arrested all who had Refused to accept Soviet fess. Thus She was considered an enemy, she said Ships far to Siberia. The rest arrived Jews from Poland Remained with us until Hitler. Dummies on Derechin On Sunday morning, the radio reported: The German declared war on Russia. Soon after, we realized this Taste of war. Airplanes flew And bombed our town, The Red Army was not ready on German attack. The German was attacked thus Suddenly, like a lurking wild beast. D Soviet officials and military have not Knowing where to run. Sunday early have Taking departure from city cars and Carriages with the Soviet commanders and theirs Families. With her were joined Jews who Worked for the Soviets and Jews Women who married Sovie- Table lite. All have fled to Russia, 261 On Monday, many ran on foot. But Soon people showed up who are Ran back - the roads were dangerous- Unfortunately, the German planes were shot down All highways and railways. Only a part is Managed to arrive in Russia and pass Next. Many fell in and out of the road The rest returned much. Derechin was again bombed. The noise of the German planes did We were just stunned, and we were taking care of ourselves soon Lay on the ground and wait in fear On explosion of the bombs. One bomb Fell on Stukalski's house and killed Moses with another woman, of the refugees. And so it went on day after day, In the middle of a bright day, away with a fire Wooden magazine, full of guns from the Red Army. These were two Soviets Command under fire, so as not to Fall into German hands. Just be German planes took off and took off Left quite low, as they would like to see What's burning it down. There are so many people Itself dispersed from town and appeared in the Fields. Also I ran with my child. On the way I saw two commanders, who Hid behind a flute. Well Never forget how to cry the cherry Then fell over the ground, himself Voluntary rescue from fire and escape from City. Her two legs were pro- Bandaged, she leaned on her back, Sparing on the hands, and wanted Reach to the fields. German planes used to open fire From their machine-guns and guard the streets. We've slipped behind a wall that Their coals should not meet us. The German is here Thursday night became calmer. Says the German is approaching Derechin. No saint is seen without in 262 Shtetl. Nobody leaves the house. In Early on, two Germans were told about it Paratroopers who have been fired Wore with their little tankettes of the Airplanes. Later I saw for myself, An airplane drops a small tank. The Germans did not enter there. None Is not out in the street, Later more Germans arrived And two of them let themselves go from House to house and took out the people. They came in to us - I'm there Was ba gold the ctsbte. They did Reen: "Hands up!" And called We leave home and leave in the Direction of church. When we arrived at the church, We met many Jews there and Christians. Around the church stood - Tas and tanks. A young German called us Looked at with his bright, murderous eyes Cheered up, Butterbread? And said to a Second German: "Yes, they must be added to Berlin." Lead ". And we were all sure. That this Is the end of our lives. Here we lem me Stood cherne the tailor's man, Michal the tailor's zoo with a tallit in it Hand, and named his wife and children themselves Keep along with him. We all have god- Think that our death is near. On Parkan Grenades were strewn around us. An elderly German man, aged 50, turned up Raised and took speeches. The Strangers His teeth chattered in his mouth And falcons - right! Jews - Left! " We were sorted. The German said After that said, took out his watch from Pocket, reported to us that it was 12 o'clock And from now on we are in German Hands. Then he told us to leave this Church. ⁇ Left us had one by A narrow Tirl, barely two men crossed Through exit, and here everyone pushes themselves Sepo Darzain And everyone wants to get out of here as soon as possible. Ter. Suddenly a shooting opens in the open Do not let anyone else out. The people Run back. It's a panic, people fall One upon another and here I see that mine Fiery child also fell and on her Falls a mountain with people. Shout Forced and finally I hold my child before The hand and let itself run in the second Be. My child falls again, and I cry With voice-over voices. People took sprays- Gen over flute of church and run Wherever the eyes carried them, to the Fields around. This is what the Russians bombed Derechin With eyebrows. Soon began Burn the half street of church-side. It The houses of Klaus- were burnt down. Ter until Vele Rabinovich. The houses burned and the Germans Stood and watched. A German Asks my sister and sister-in-law, Samuel Lozsover's daughter:, who sins she, Russ + Fallen! Juden !! "Complete, complete," he says He, hearing that they are Jews. He did Made a kind of sign on the ground and said, That is what will be done with us. We have Him not understood. Decrees and death-fear Sounds have spread a cast Day that in Slonim was carried out Over 9 thousand Jews to a grave beyond the State and everyone there cooled down. Said Have them that m 'leads them over in a Second city and they need to take with them Small bags with their best stuff. A total Have taken with them gold and jewelry. Directed Grub was called out of Gaket, The items and bags were thrown away The cars they brought and the Jews Were laid in a pit and killed- Does this in a horrible way. Book Thirty A Derechine police officer, A Flock, said Tells how the police used it Help perform the "action" in slonim. Imagine for a second you were transposed into the karmic driven world of Earl Erupted in Derechin, when there were a One day, 9 Germans arrived by car. Jews were running outside the city, however He followed her and warned her not to Making no panic. Only after the rabbi has appeared- Meet the Germans and hear their demands, Came out one, Fritz, and called creating a "Council of the Jews" and carry out all orders No, they will do the same in Derechin Vi in Slanim ... These were the first reed of the German, YMS. A Judenrat was soon formed "of 1 Homeowners. And it began to rain On our heads a series of decrees. One Worse than the second. Jews had to Wear the yellow patch, previously a round, Later a Star of David. It was forbidden to Walk on sidewalk. Every morning are all Men aged 14 to 55 were driven To forced labor, and Fritz is over her Stood with his nod. Jews had to Give away their tapestries, furs, silver- Warg and other precious things. Between the Belarus was agitated by the Germans And demanded help in eradicating the IDF Promising her this Jewish have-and-go. For the arriving Germans are added- There were made 20 nickel beds, with pillows, Blankets and various bedding. D Beautiful houses have been razed Of Jews, clothed and handed over Rn the Germans. Later it was demanded of the Jews A contribution of 3 kg of gold A curse in the town, every one has god- Enter the "Council of the Jews" at whatever he has Possessed and with great torments did The gold was collected and transferred. 263 Give the Germans. But soon came a New decree: The Germans demanded 50 Meters of green woolen trousers. In deret- Shin is this never in the stores no Were. Every landlord was taken To $ 20 and the Judenrat has gone- Sent to Volkovisk three people, who Have crossed the border with danger to life And brought the demanded wool goods For Germans. A new decree: Many Jews must soon Leave their houses and move into dwellings In a second street. M. Fact, M. Loift, M. Capt Place the head somewhere at an angle. And Everything - to avoid the slaughter. Whole families become Killed Every morning the men were driven Went to work. Once upon a time One hundred young men were abducted on foot No slums, on highway works. Nobody did I did not know what was happening to them there Returned home sick, with a bash- Acts of a Doctor. Saturday morning had the Captain issued an order that the "Council of the Jews" may bring the families to him Of every guy who came back from Labor camp. A part of them was brought Became with power. He brought them all out To a particular grave and murdered. Were Among them Itche Walitsky and his 6 children. The, bee the columnist with two children, Gershon Der Harber with the whole family, Numerous families of the threatened refugees. When the policemen came to take Itche Walitskin with his family, have them Through a window a hill is noticed fresh- Excavated earth. This was what Jews dug A secret, an ascron ", to hide Of a slaughter, behind Solomon the kionem Rabbi's wall. The police did the right thing Smiled the chief, and he went out. Given an order must bring all one- 264 Inhabitants of that house, along with some and Fifty men. It was just Saturday. Children Of other families have been playing around That house. All have been added: Two women, mothers of the abducted Children, they came looking for. The doors of Condemned houses stood open, were Both women, Alter Colonel's wife and more A colonial woman enters to look for the children. German Assassins arrived, and seeing the Women, have accused them both of coming Steal items from that house. Do you have the misfortune? Laughing and innocent women abducted On the cemetery to fast. I saw how He led them both. Bowed down from fear, With woolen cloths on their heads, they are Went to death. Thus were cut off those days Family of Jankel Weinstein. - He, Yankel, Put up a resistance and did not leave Take over, --- Zlategures family, an astra- Left watchmaker with his wife and child And many other Jewish families. This was still a while before the Great slaughter. The decrees fell on the Jews Heads, every day A new: Do not enter to A Christ buy something; Not out of town Entered a village; Do not go out for long hours In street. We were choked in Ghetto, to several families in a room. I I was at Shmuel-Meyer's in Stibl. Fritz shot people in the streets And sent an order to the council of the Jews Come and bury the shot Thus is over a year of mortal fear. The day of slaughter Until the horrible day came. Very early in the morning, Michal the fox-maker enters, Of Slonimer Street, who was with his wife And his daughter Rishke lived together With me in the ghetto, and he tells us without these Bitter Gospel: Children, We Are Around Book Thirty Ringed! Our slaughter is ready! " For a long time we did not think and straighten up Caught in the basement, which Herschel Kula- Kowski prepared for his aunt, Shmuel-Myers wife. This was a basement With a double wall, of stone, 4 meters d Deep and without one window. In basement are: I with mine Child; Same Friedman with his wife and his Daughter Hanhihiya: The Shapiro Family - The father, mother and daughter love: Elie-Haim Volitsky with his wife and 4 Children: Old Sarah and her brother: Rybche the shopkeeper, my mother: Michal Honest; The old woman was with her: learning The folklorist with his wife and daughter Rishke - Along with A 25 Person. At home Remained an 80-year-old fore-nation, the Elder Burl Walitsky with his wife. Soon is Came the police and they increased. We're lying down and doing business, Shme Israel. "Suddenly we hear a knock on the wall From basement: Come out! * We'm sure Seemed that they had found the entrance To the basement and it's coming to an end soon Our lives. We sit trembling, and the Policemen shout from across the wall: Come out! We throw grenades! " Here came to me Spira's Daughter, love, and we put in Ears that the cops do not knock in- Go to our shelter, only in the Double Wall. The entrance to ours "Sakron" is from a broken cupboard, which Its rear vent serves as a treadmill and Holds on to one choke. We whisper Again; Hear, O Israel. "We hear the Tithes go into neighboring cellars, see That he is post and wear off, We stayed a fortnight in ours Hidden, suffocated and hungry. There was nothing to breathe. The air went out. Love, Shapiro's Daughter, exclaimed by the Book Thirty Cabinet entered the house and brought a bucket Water with bread. I have tried ESF I drink, but I do not mind- Smoke - I was just choked, without air. I must get out of the choke. Better Die of a voice, before suffocating here Become, I thought. The people leave me alone Do not move, you can still discover our "sack". Suddenly we hear a voice from outside: "Open up, it's already after the slaughter!" We are shaken, but I recognize this Voice of my sister's son Yankele. More expensive! His first question was, to my mother Is here gone with us. He let her go In another basement and went looking for her There, he found the basement open Inside lay my mother's shirts and A little strangled girl. Is he poor Ran to us looking for my moms. We are out of the basement. There's no place for eyes When we were approaching the wire From the ghetto, I saw two Germans Shout to us: Com, com! * And I'm ready Leaving run through ghetto. To the bathroom and Again from ghetto appeared. Along with my child We hid in a potato field. It was night. The moon shone brightly Light up the fields and our well-being Derechin - so calmly lit, as it should- There were no massacres at all Earth the sinner. My child says to me: Come in here, Outside the ghetto, in Leibe Zuber's small town Bele. There is laid bedding on The ground --- wheels themselves apply a little shoi Pen ". My child is asleep, I'm awake Thick been. Checked every minute, whether it's worth it Not bright. The lightness is a danger. When the sky took gray, hob I saw a policeman in the distance Black, with a gun, approaches the 265 Potato-field where we have been before Hidden. I quickly picked it up Child and turned around to find an Place to escape. I see that it's close Us Moses-David the butcher's son, with a brit Under arm. I shout to him quietly: Come, come soon! ", He answers:" I Have nowhere to go. My wife and children If they are gone, I do not want to live anymore. " On a bench in the corner I see my brother-in-law Convert. I call to him, he must flee with us. I get from him the same answer:, my Wife is gone. I am alone, naked and bare. I have nowhere to go. I quickly raised a small Window window on the left side of the room Bl and jumped - In a swampy mud Entered. My child jumps after me. We have Themselves both shone over the ground, till A stream, I look around, I see Shepira's daughter, Love, which was with us in Basement. I tell you, there it is Policeman and looking for us in the potato field And must flee from here. She replied That she runs call her dads and moms who Lying hidden in a lion's den, together The Stukalskis and many other Jews. Love is away bringing her parents, see I she already mernit to this day. My child and I fought until The fields of Vihan and entered into a corn- Field. There I met Nahum Ber- Chess, with a loaf of bread in one hand and a Children's coat in the second. He did He said that yesterday the police Shot the Jews, who were hiding Here in the corn-fields. , Enters forest In --- says Nahum --- here we already have no Location not ". But how can I leave myself in the woods, when My child is hungry! I look around and see a farmer wearing it A fern. I'm going to you too - scared 26 She turns and throws down the fern. I say You, that I need not have the feather, But she must give me a piece of bread. Answer She said: Go to the forest. There is My cabin. My children will give it to you Drinking water ". I take my child and go to the maid Cottage, all forest. Run out three sections With sticks and catch yourself hit. In the yard See I 2 carts packed with toys hob and Goods from ghetto. Their father helped The Germans came to the slaughter, they told him that Praises for robbing Jewish property. I wrestled with the scats, got caught A blow with a stick in head and I am Out barely alive, with a wound on We were slaves Testimony of Reich, a refugee from Poland, who did The years of war and occupation in Darchen, Delivered to the committee upon completion of hostilities Which dealt with the collection of testimony of a remnant The exhaust, The Occupied German Occupation of the Town of Drachin, District Slonim, Baranovichi district. There were about two thousand in the town at that time Jews. The German "Plan" in Relation to Bod Jews Offer in Darzain as an example of all the places of settlement in Bru- White Sia. Every day they ran the population For jobs that are not needed or of little importance, Beat, murder for some disobedience, intentional or Simulated. Once every few weeks the brigade members arrived- Tapu to visit, all the men were taken to the market To the order, from which the heads of the intelligentsia were elected And respectable people according to the appearance of their faces, were sent to- Fired pits and murdered. In early 1942, they were deported in 700 Men working on the Vilnius-Slonim road. They were housed In herds, surrounded by barbed wire fences. Got a quarter of a pound Bread for a day and twice a day soup. They would be beaten There constantly. In May these slaves are sent to their homes in Darzein. The Jewish population began to build hideouts, Book Thirty Stars. We entered the Lipover Forest. This Child is thirsty and hungry. I have Asked for a piece of bread Forest hut, she cries to me: "Go into the forest Enter! The police will see you here And kill! * She told me to come at night Jews escaped from ghetto and run into forest Entered. I'll be able to meet them at night Forest. I hardly expected the night. I'm sir A noise between the trees and going closer. Many Jews, Derechins, also live there Thinking where to turn. There is no place For us there is nowhere, Influenced by the shocking news of the bitter end of Jews in nearby cities. If discovered in any house Such a hideout, all its occupants were executed. Three Times, a "penalty tax" was imposed on the population of Darzein - A quarter of a kilogram of gold for the first time, 5 kilograms at a time The second and an amount of 2 million rubles in the third. From the nearby towns of Journice and Alinka, as well From the Jewish colony of Colonia Sinaiska, where they lived From generation to generation of Israeli farmers, the character was exiled The Jews returned and were concentrated in the Darzein ghetto, where Measured 34 houses and cottages for the residence of 2880 people. Climbing, dysentery and hunger prevailed in the ghetto. The Belorussian Terra provided her full assistance To the German executioners, After that, the local Jews were forced to dig in the forests The nearest large pits of 50 by 20 meters, The run started after me, Shaynim. "There were cases in which Dedicated of "business" with Germans, but not an animal No tongue-in-cheek and informant out of the population was- Religion, which was all united in disaster, - a phenomenon Rare in those terrible times. The massacre took place on July 23, 1942. She Surrounded all the Jews, without leaving them alive Book Thirty Even doctors, dentists and Jews, are effective. " Others. The "Aktion" lasted two days, then came Notice that no one else will be executed. People The "Judenrat" went from house to house and announced, no The man will be harmed, as promised by the head of the gender- Maria, on, spoke of a German officer. " The Jews began to moan from their hiding places and their burrows. Them to the light of the July sun. It was quiet for two days In town, and on the third day they all gathered in the square 207 The market, surrounded them and led to the death pits. About 250 people fled to the nearby forests. 80 Healthy men out of these joined the units The partisans. Donate, women, seniors and children, coordinator In family camps. For the two and a half years of During their stay in the forest, they underwent five live attacks. Stocks, plagued by diseases and epidemics and more than once; The hunger bothered them. Only 90 people returned alive from me Forest, As Tsifl Beknstein took his life / Peshe fine silver End of 1941, barely six months after arrival Of the Hitlerites, are in the gods Posters with Hitler were pasted out Picture, and from all walls looked down his Wilder face. There was also a picture Of a Jew, bowed ui of blow who pour On his head and from the strength that Makes of him. Jews are not out in the street, not welcoming Look at the German posters. Then the murderers were taken out of all Beit Midrashim The book "Torah's", thrown out They into the street and took tears, burning and Shame with savage cruelty. The pain and The shame was great. The unfortunate Jews saw our holy shrine being desecrated. Kate. Every one was broken and Confused and did not know what to do. In neighborhood with us lived Mendush The writer, Beckenstein. His youngest daughter, Tsipl, was a girl of 20 years, she said Studied and was a teacher. Her two Older sisters, Bashke and Golde, are Traveled abroad but had to sniff The parents did not let go, because they did Wanted to have one child lem himself. Tsipl saw how the Jews were being shamed Holy books, the Torah scrolls. Did she People at home were completely shocked and had She kept asking her parents, "I can't." Live! I can no longer live! " At night she took kerosene, poured the Whole house and also oneself. She has herself Placed in a corner and turned around Ignited. When she was already around- Captured by large flames, Caught her parents and the neighbors around And took her rescue. Said she constantly to herself Asked: "Let me be burned with." You together! Ob m 'hat under holiness Destroyed, we have no reason to Want to live! I can no longer live after that "My eyes have seen it." She was exhausted one more day. M'hat She wanted to save, but she did not Left and asked if she could be buried In belt lem their home. 28 Book Thirty I was a refugee in the tortured Darzain / Shmuel Bornstein A War again In fact, my wanderings began from the first day of the war. As the enemy approached Lodan ',. There was a panic in the city, And people began fleeing towards Warsaw. We: Dad, My older brother and I, parting weeping over mother And join the crowds on foot, We pass through well-known cities and towns Forward in Japan. Now they had fire food for planes- The enemy. Remains of houses are still burning, in the streets Stray horses are running around. People mourn aloud Loud to their relatives. We did not find rest in Warsaw either. Start days- The terrible siege. On the twenty-sixth of September The city fell, and again there was no point in staying In it. After a month of aimless wandering we returned To our house. Anxiety accelerated in us to the fate of Mother. We were found to be healthy and intact. Indeed, amazing The thing, that at first we hardly felt that Her hair has meanwhile bleached, The abuse of Jews soon began. Fines And boycotts and trials. Night-night young people are found Jews from their homes, almost naked, only whites To their flesh: lead them in an unknown direction. 'At the end of October, there were rumors in the city that there was Possibility to move to Soviet Russia territory, Every day one of our acquaintances would disappear. Also two My friends, Eric Molor and Tadak Kuperman, Were about to set off. They also offered me to join To them. One night it was decided in the family council Ours: My older brother has to stay home, with Parents: I have to try my luck On the twelfth of November, as the morning light, I parted Welcome to the family. Mom and my brother sobbed Deaf. Dad kneels in a trembling voice: - I wish you success, my son! Then added 1 My heart tells me that we will never see each other again. Indeed, it was not a false prophecy of his heart, From the paths of the Bionic Forest to the town of Darzein Adjacent to the Swans. I started working in teaching At the local school. I lived a quiet life. So I spent a year and a half in Soviet territory, far away The noise of the war. First I would get letters From home, these also ceased to exist. In mid-June 1941, when the days of recession began At school, I went out with Eric, who served He also instructs in the salons, to visit Tadok Our friend, who lived in Kobrin, near the border The German. The meeting was exciting: we did not see Man his brother for a whole year. Tadok distracted In our ears his anxiety: told that across the border Increased military movement is evident. We lay down to sleep out Concerns. - - On the twenty-second day of June, at four o'clock In the morning, we woke up to the sound of an explosion. Again We are in the horrors of war. We set off Back to Darzein, to settle in at the recruitment point Our. The railroad was ruined. On the roads There was a lot of movement of military cars. Barely We often went to the salons. In the city - panic. Companies Red Army casualties retreat in disarray To the east. All PA offices are closed. Points " The recruitment stopped their operation. On enlistment in the army There was nothing to talk about. The Russian soldiers told about Speed ​​of advance of the German army. According to The Germans approach the town of Volkovysk, Battles take place at a distance of 80--100 kilometers Salons. I weighed my mind and found, that better too I have to go out Mizrahi. In my heart I believed that the Russians They will recover quickly and move on to attack the enemy. Unfortunately Eric can not join me. On the way From Kobrin his leg was injured, and he could not walk, So I left the city alone. Part of the way I did in military cars, And most often - on foot. On the seventh day of the war I arrived To the city of Minsk. It also passed over the capital of Belarus Book Thirty The glass. Almost the entire city became a landslide. The streets are empty. The youth fled east. The remaining Hiding in shelters. Stink-burning in the air: The houses go up in flames, The planes do not stop bombing the city! They go down almost to the roofs of the houses. Embryos- And lonely returnees tell me that the enemy has fallen A large army in the east, and soon the city will be surrounded From all over Ivria. There is no point in adding to the core forward. The Germans are everywhere. Also habits, The swelling from the strenuous walking, has completely ceased Obey me, In one of the suburbs I moved to one hut, Who miraculously survived. All nearby beggars were destroyed Absolutely. In the cabin inside there was no room to move. On The floor is next to the neighbors, with the roof above To their heads, and more wanderers like me. The landlady The courteous one helped me: a little while later Hi my legs are bandaged. As I sat there I fell asleep. Like through the screen of a dream came to my ears voices The shots, After the end of the cannon tune, which was played by Bell Tonight, dawned this morning, Our heart foretold us that this is a pre-storm silence. We still ponder what will come, and think: - Ter-a-Ayat - The windowpane shattered To shards. An iron and machine helmet appeared in the window. Shot, -! 2408 4116 (Come out all of you!) - shouted the German In a loud baritone voice, The first German companies occupied the city. Lightning flashed through my mind the idea: I'm in the nail again The evil beast! I attack with almost complete indifference. Broken and sick I was both physically and spiritually, lonely Absolutely in the big and hostile world. What is the point of life 1 In the streets, German army cars drove back and forth And again. In a thunderous commotion, tanks made their way And cannons. Officers rode in open limousines Nazis, disintegrating with excessive arrogance. On top The cars were driven by articles:, to Moscow V And there seemed to be no mighty power in the world Like them. Warsaw, Brussels, Price, Minsk and Beirut 269 Many other Europeans - fell. On his triumphant journey The German army hurried east, to the capital of The red state. 1 T 210882 Character TasmsSestal 2661 Gasbag (while Two weeks in Moscow!) The Hitlerites scream drunk The victory. The day after the conquest of the city appeared in the streets Minsk ads, including orders of a corps commander- The new situation, which calls for all men, from the age of five- Ten to fifty, to stabilize at certain points, Non-compliance with the ordinance - means the death penalty, I decided to steal from the city and leave To mark. The landlady gave me a loaf of bread, by her side On the way. With heartfelt greetings I said goodbye to her, And in the early hours of the morning I set off. As I approached the roadblock, I felt the Steps: One more mile and I'll be out of bounds The city. --- Hold! (Page!) - Reached reading ears In German, Two Germans jumped out of the excavation. After Careful examination of the side walkers. Here they were already standing Lots of tourists, travel enthusiasts "like me. The Germans We boarded the car, cursing and beating us Build with sticks in their hands. At the end of ten minutes they came To a large square. Thousands of citizens have already crowded here Brought here by order of the commander. The sun was blazing brightly. Thirsty and hungry we waited Anxiously expected of us. People continued to flow without Constantly, and the density increased. Inside this suffocation The people stayed for a few days. Once a day she would come The square has a car carrying water. Everything was flocking To her. The urgency was terrible. Everyone asked to be satisfied You are thirsty. So the Germans fired at the wild crowd, And the people withdrew. Puddles of running water Intervene in the blood of the dead, Four days later the Germans moved the All the people to the nearby creek bank and settled there Camp. With sticks in their hands they dared the people as sons- Visit. Hungry and exhausted from the last few weeks I have wandered Like a shadow over the camp. Just from time to time I broke the Hungry; The Jews of the place would respect me Sometimes from the limited food supply they have. 20 In a large camp, there was a percentage of prisoners, "he said Criminal criminals, imprisoned in camps: the Soviet work- Tim. These, all Christians, knew well that the Jews Were now outlawed, and were wandering about The surface of the camp is painted, tearing over the Jews Their clothes and take out of their hands the slice of warmth The latest, One day the Germans announced on a loudspeaker, B.C. The Jews must immediately move to Git. Enforce, From the handsome hanger! A ghetto inside a concentration camp! Al Rectangle of plain soil fenced with barbed wire, At a rate of fifty to one hundred yards, within The general camp, about six thousand Jews were admitted. By the end of the second week many of us had died of exhaustion The forces. During the day the sun would burn mercilessly, And at night it would rain heavily. Often The Germans would play amusements in us, At night we would be shot at by machine guns, and all of us We would fall to the ground. After exercises? Such We would bury dozens of corpses in the morning, On the fifteenth day a limousine arrived To the ghetto gate inside the detention camp. From the car Ironed officers came down, their boots shining At their feet, and the skull-dead symbol in their hats. There were These are the Gestapo. We realized that the moment had come The decisive. They started editing the list of people And some to their professions. The mood has improved. - Wow! Said the optimists. - He will probably be released and sent, one by one to the place- His regular job. After the lists were made, the Germans divided us For two. Free professionals separately, and all Leave alone. Everyone asks themselves - their share Of whom would be better. In my opinion the attitude of the Germans towards intelligence I registered as a Jew. The next day the Germans started taking out Ghetto in the cars the intelligentsia. Soon We heard machine sounds: a shot. From the past The non-Jew? Calls came to us loudly, - Jews are being shot, - I heard one Russian Number, This is how the Germans finished, in the third week of the occupation Sepo Darzain Minsk, their account with the Jewish intelligentsia, While we were transferred to prisons. I, as a passer-by, received a passport and was ordered To return home, to Darchin. That's how I marked the place Residence, -! 615020886 T 6 1186 80 Soy 80 (am So and so tourist) - parted from the leaves of the guards. On the way back July 1941 Where to! I asked myself. The answer was One and only: to the German home front, into Loam Of the executioners. Before that I knew: I have to go East, to flee from the accursed hater: now she was Knowing the lack of taste in it bothers me like a stone Heavy. I tried to cross side paths. If possible I missed the cities and villages, But in the early evening the hungry forced to go to town Zaslab. Near the Flemish-Soviet border Ex. I went into the first cabin, to ask Where do Jews live here? Husband: The house, old gentile And the chatterbox, whose face expresses kindness, told me about The tragic fate of the residents of Zaslav. Immediately after When the Germans occupied the city, they almost killed it All the young men. Thus avenged their vengeance Of the few Nazis who fell in the city streets, In battle with the retreating Red Army soldiers. Several Jewish families lived in Zaslav, The Russian old man, who immediately made it clear to me that he was a selfish Jew, advised Let me go to Baruch, who did not let the fetus: a guest To leave his house without being equipped with a piece of bread. Barely I found his cabin. I knocked carefully on the door. How many weeks have passed without me landing properly, My legs ached so much that I could not bear it. My stomach was empty Sued hers. How will this person promote my face! At the entrance to the hut stood a tall man. That we flashed She threw back. His blue eyes expressed Tobilev And wisdom. He looked at me for a moment, saw me coming Out of the way, tired and weary, dirty and wild-clothes, barefoot Halfway through, my toes suck out of my shoes, no Uttered but one word: - Sign in! Inside the cabin she peered out of all the poor corners. Rickety bed, two chairs and a primitive table, Book Thirty Made of some planks - this was the furniture system Where. In the second room - a prayer pillar and shelves, And on them thick books, holy books. Hawken approached Immediately take care of his meager household. Soon sounded The murmur made a whisper, and bread appeared on the table. - That's all I have - apologized Baruch. After bathing and washing hands, I sat down at the table. I told the old man about the fate of the Jews of Minsk. Welcome Cried at my words. After dinner he offered me The bed and asked me to lie down to rest. I objected, - A selfish young man, - I proved to him, --- and I can Sleep on the floor; Not just one bed for you. - You're tired from the road, --- Baruch replied to me, - And you deserve to rest. I will sleep with the neighbors. Tired and weary I got on the bed. After weeks Many of the wanderings it was for me the first time Lying in bed, under Kurtigg, satiated and encouraged From the good words of the old man. With pleasure under me the Sore legs, On the summer night. A lantern faded on the table Small. The door to the next room was open and through To develop I saw a figure of a man, lying on the floor The exposed. It was blessed old man. He slept in his name His hand to his head, instead of a bar. After resting and eating to satiety I went out in the morning On the way. Welcome June out of town. We broke up With a handshake. Be strong! Blessings, - Go in peace, - he said, - and God save You wherever you go, On the second day I moved to the town of Ionitz, which is located On the border. On a Polish Asrani Street, carrying a film On his sleeve. At the police station, Mani demanded certificates, "Ah," said the commander. - failed The leper Jew flees to Stalin. I made a few punches and was ordered to leave immediately The city, It was hard for me to keep going. In the villages there were The Christian children stone me and stone me In me dogs. Rarely were the landlords Allow me to drink water, a slice of bread I did not dare To ask. - Dirty Jew! - I heard all around me Which I went through. 21 On the fourth day I went to the train station. She Was full of Germans. I decided to sneak into the caravan- Empty freight. Although it was life-threatening, But I had no other choice. An hour later I was easy in the caravan inside. They rolled on the floor Leftover slices of bread. Hungry I chewed the The stiff slices. The next day I got off at a small station, near the living rooms. A few hours later I was with my acquaintances. At home there was an accumulation of depression. Tuesday night The Germans expelled about a thousand young Jews From their beds and lead you in an unknown direction. Walk Rumor has it that everyone was shot in the nearby forest. There was a famine in the city. The peasants stopped bringing Made from them. Jews are not allowed to go to the village. The whole fetus On this prohibition - blood in the head. Nevertheless Some mothers risked their lives and wore their dresses To the peasants, replace them with foods. Not a day went by without a convoy in which any of the residents. I decided to rest a bit and continue on my way: up to Darzein There were less than thirty miles. The cauldron of disasters August-November 1941 A view of the town of Darchin, which was formerly Homia And Aliza, and most of its inhabitants are Jews, has changed completely. No more children playing in the streets: Only here and there did anyone rush to steal on the street, his head Bent over, and he turns to the side, slipping-passing. Blinds The shops are closed. The noise and commotion, which were typical So to the small towns of Belarus, stop Absolutely. In the air depends on the horror of the new times, The gloomy, As soon as I entered, I tried the Ivanitz affair again. When the policeman encounters new faces, "Asrani And lead me,. The gun in his hand, as a criminal leads, to The police station. The police headquarters was now housed in an elegant building, In it is the headquarters of the 5th! 31st Regiment of Artillery The Red Guard. Instead of the red flag, on The scythe and the hammer on it, now waving a carrying flag Swastika. In the creek in front of the gate, a policeman is standing straight 22 Arrogant Hitler, and on his sleeve Address:, Hilfs- Pulitzi "(; auxiliary police"). His face expressed pride Strict about the important role I have been assigned. The hallway was full of word of mouth. I saw between Present Jew one of my acquaintances. In a whisper he told me about Which was renewed in the city at the time of my absence. From common The rumor that the Germans were approaching, the young men fled To the east. For several days Nietzsche fought the battle of Anzari Between the Russians and the German Paratroopers. Finally, On the third day, a regular German army entered Derzain. The Nazis raised a new administration to greatness And a new police force. Preference in the granting of jobs Was given to the people, who were included in the list of suspects About the Russians. Besides them were drawn to the police, As volunteers, all those who seek their livelihood Easy, Mr. was the fate of those who excelled in my day Soviet rule. The new police did not stop Prying out and revealing old sins, and incarcerating In the crowd. Through the bars of the prison, filled to the brim Nowhere, the faces of frightened prisoners peeked out. Many who had in their hearts a personal resentment for one From their informants, they hurried to inform the authority about his past The political. There were visitors to this house, it seems, Soviet officers, while his daughter was Making love in love with communists ;: Hazel said Once things in condemnation of the Germans. Enough was enough On the slightest suspicion: the suspect is arrested and all his property Confiscated. From time to time the police would empty the The prisons are inhabited and the prisoners are transferred To the Gestapo in the nearby town of Slonim. The Germans Did not extend investigations and demands. The prisoners were taken out Immediately executed. Terror raged in the town, and the air Was soaked in the groans of innocents. Especially The situation of the Jews was bad. Shortly before the outbreak of the war, after I left From the city on holiday, the Soviet authorities banned- Tim Lovendowski, the postmaster at the place, And took him out of the city. It turned out he had it in his house Secret radio station. The war broke out when it was On his way to Siberia. The train he was traveling in was bombed on By the Germans, and the spy, who miraculously survived, returned safely Home. From appreciating his / his rights "appointed him Sepo Darzain The Germans to the mayor in Darchen. Who had been a quiet and humble man before, has now discovered the His real face. Many Jews betrayed me The Germans on the pretext that they were assisted by the detective Bikim, For a short time the new mayor roasted Accumulate a lot of capital. Those who knew the greed-love His were redeemed themselves from his hands in all that was To them. Many families, who were rich before, Remained in want of everything, seeking to save the soul of Close to their relatives. Sometimes money was not helpful either, Especially in cases where she was in the heart of the mayor Private resentment for anyone. As his deputy, Mr. Lovendowski chose an aide-de-camp against him Appropriate, a man named Limansky, a Polish policeman Ex. It was distinctly drunk, lacking in crowding Who hid for two years from Soviet rule. He now held a high position: he was a commander- The police. Well I'm a prisoner. The hours pass. Finally read The policeman on duty gave me my last name. After a while I was in the lord's office. The room Furnished with great elegance. On the wall - a large picture Of Hitler. Below the picture is Grandpa Limansky In the armchair, in a sloppy pose, an act of domination. Started The official questions. I showed the travel document In my hand, given to me on behalf of the Germans in order That I can return home. I lied and said, that you - From two on my vacation to a trip to Minsk, there Lives in one of my relatives. I knew my fate Given on the scales. Shadow shadow of suspicion, if Will rise to the heart of the commander, will deliver me without hesitation In the hands of the Germans. - I know these birds well - Shidlani Limansky. You better thank me for running away To the Bolsheviks. I realized that behind the soft words lurked for me Terrible danger. It was seen from his naked eyes. The little orphans, running around restless inside The oily, expressionless face. I was deaf. I refused To talk. This drove the commander out of his mind. Suddenly Became an evil beast. The softness disappeared from his face. The quiet Became a foam-foam. A hail of blows fell on my head. Book Thirty He shouted: "Communist!" Damn Bolshevik! " Prepare in poured out wrath on everything that comes to my mind. Finally, seeing that this method of inquiry is ineffective Ali, returned and sat down. It was obvious that he had an idea A new twinkle in his mind. He called the policeman on duty and whispered If he had something in his ear, - We will immediately know the truth; Encountering, birds, In an old and ordinary prison, - Contact me, A short time later the school sun appeared, Where I had worked before. The old sun, which has seen generations Many of the students and teachers, squinted in his eyes beside me Out of sympathy for my sorrow. On the question of the commander Replied,. That I did get out of Darzin before the outbreak The war. He hereby confirmed my remarks. I finally found myself Outside, beaten and depressed, the liquid wipes the blood from my mouth. - And now where ?! I asked myself. To return to my old apartment, in the house of Poles, There was no point. I knew that Jews were not allowed to be present In the house of the Aryans. "My status has also changed in the meantime: I used to be a teacher, a respectable person; Whereas now, As a Jew, Harini is outside the scope of the law; Bad I'm a dog in their eyes, I made my way to the former community center. Now The Judenrat is located there. In a narrow and dirty room stuffed- Dozens of people. At that moment, Rosh commanded The Jews had to invent for one hour Beds, blankets, pillows, and there are in large quantities, and A huge sum of money in cash, for the needs of the Germans Who were delayed on their way to the city. Such cases would recur And are repeated almost daily. For different requirements There was no end. The people would quarrel with each other. Everyone would shout that yesterday he gave all that To him, and he had nothing left. The rich cried and argued That they have nothing; The poor, who gave their penny Last, curse the stingy. Hungry and weary I sat on a bench. I was indifferent to the cable. I did not resent the people who do not put me up Lev. I have seen that everyone is immersed in his "disaster." On me stood an old woman. She cried and told That at night her daughter was arrested. Neighboring Poland reported About her, whom a Russian officer would visit. Money no Was at home, and could not be redeemed. On the side are two little girls. On their faces The pale, tired ones seemed to show no tears 23 Dry. The women talked about the plight of the orphans, Between their father and the mayor there was once some Conflict, which reached as far as the House: The Court. Now use Mr. Lovendowski in his power and ordered his imprisonment in line A fan of communism. Yesterday he was taken to the Gestapo In the city of Slonim. From there there are no returns. In one's house the Germans broke everything The movables. Another's son was killed on the spot- His work. The calamity did not pass anyone by. From time to time, acquaintances would approach me and ask: From where, when and how. I also told them you My adventures. Someone gave me a slice of bread. Woman Brought a plate of hot soup. People came and invited me for an overnight stay. I refused, I preferred to spend the night on the bench at home The Judenrat, pondering. In the evening, when emptied The hall, I lay down to sleep. Despite my fatigue I could not Fall asleep for a long time. Those close to my heart were lost Certainly in faraway Lodz. My condition was difficult. No money Was in my hand. There was no possibility of earning money. There was faint hope of support from acquaintances. Also I was proud to reach out to charity. The thought of losing began to pierce my heart Self know, However, my heart told me that only laziness is. Anguish - like the anguish of the whole nation. I remembered That the words of our people are full of troubles and hardships, and that always We had the strength to overcome the obstacles. I finally fell asleep, The next morning, early in the morning, I heard a knocking sound On the door. In front of my friend Paula Rosenzweig, The wife of the local doctor. The circumstances of fate shook her In 1929, together with her husband, from Warsaw to Drzyn The distant. She was remembered as a noblewoman. They said about her Which is right to help anyone, in any trouble. She There was help for the poor in everything she could. Especially She would take care in 1939 of refugees, who came hungry And barefoot to seek refuge from the Nazis. Without much In things I brought, almost by force, to her apartment. A hot bath was prepared for me here. Fola gave me Clean underwear and suit. I took off my bricks The old and dirty and the suit, torn All because of my wanderings in recent weeks. Clean 274 And properly dressed, I felt like a human being from the settlement. I sat down to eat breakfast. I felt after For many years I returned and found a family home. At noon Paula's husband, who worked at the hospital, returned Local. He also welcomed me, - Stay with us, - the two told me. - Good fellowship in these difficult days. Not a day went by in Darchen without a new cut on The Jews. The police went berserk. It was imposed on the Jews Forced labor. I also worked cleaning the houses The ruined. In general, the authorities did not seem to Exist only to take care of us, the Jews. At the end In September we were forbidden to walk on the sidewalks. Jews are allowed to walk only where they walk The cattle "- Limansky informed the Judenrat. At that time the obligation to carry on the sleeves was introduced Movies, with Star of David scores on them. They were soon replaced The ribbons are in yellow patches, so that it will be possible Recognize Jews from afar. We were night after night Lying down to sleep out of anxiety for tomorrow that will come. One day a fancy limousine arrived To the police station. Panic arose in the city: - The Gestapo are coming! At that time I was busy clearing avalanches Near the police station. The cops who guarded us They cursed vigorously and beat us with their sticks, To prove their diligence to their superiors. We worked with all our might, and in a whisper we discussed what was expected of us Following this visit. After each visit of the people The Gestapo were weeping and despair flooding the town. After a while, the Gestapo got into the car With the mayor and the cops and drove to the scene Who traveled. The next day Loendowski invited him The members of the Judenrat. At lightning speed the news of the town passed The new Gestapo order. For two weeks A huge pit must be dug in the nearby forest. For what Do they need this pit? And why the haste? Optical Mystics among us said that the Germans wanted to prepare They have a line of defense in case of withdrawal. But their words Were not acceptable. We knew the army The German was then fighting near Moscow; The people were Tend to agree with the pessimists, who saw the decree The new is a sign of the approaching end. Sepo Darzain - is a grave, which we dig for ourselves, - was The common opinion, That night the people dug frantically below To their homes. Start preparing hide-and-seek, for any trouble Do not come, The depth of the great pit, commanded by the Germans Dig, set to five feet; Extend to fifty Meters and width to twenty meters. The excavation craft The frozen and tangled soil in the roots involved In many difficulties. We worked in the sweat of our brow in the pouring rain; We struggled with the reluctant land. Woe to him who Who stopped his work for a moment, to wipe away the sweat Over his forehead. Immediately the policemen would attack him Raging and beating him to the point of unconsciousness. We worked with pursed lips. The words hit our minds: Excavator You are a grave for yourself .. By the end of October the pit was ready. On the last day We parted anxiously over the awful place. Peeked at us The great pharynx, ready to receive thousands of world-rests Many. Immediately after the excavation was completed it came again The limousine to the police station. In town There was a horror that was unparalleled. The people Feel the hideouts: those who worked in the streets Look anxiously to the sides, calculating the options The escape. Members of the Judenrat were called to the Germans, A short time later the council members ran The frightened in the streets. Jews, disaster! Require from us Country- Huge mud. And if not - they will take us all out To the pit and will be shot dead, Mothers took their pennies out of their bundles The latter, the reserves will give in time of need. Were brought Kiddushin rings, watches and other valuables, On that terrible day, most of the Jews became poor And wretches. In the evening, the Gestapo drove away - And what will we redeem our souls tomorrow! There were People ask themselves, New masters November 1941 - February 1942 In early November, a news item arrived in Darchin Terrifying: German gendarmes will soon come; They will take power into their own hands. The taste of their rule Sepo Darzain Of Limansky and Lobandowski felt the people On their flesh: Of course it was impossible to expect To salvation. From the Germans. Among the people there was General indifference. In every mouth was the saying: - whatever it may be. Worse than the current situation - Do not assume. The mayor and police were not happy Most introduction of the new rulers. They understood Because their importance will decrease. Even the Polish residents Did not rejoice most in hearing about turning things The new ones. Everyone knew that the Germans hated you too The Poles. Until now the whole burden had been laid On the shoulders of the Jews; From now on the others will have to too Bear the burden, The mayor ordered the Judenrat to renovate The house in honor of the occupiers. Dozens of workers were recruited To work. Done at home. The walls were whitewashed The floors were washed. The apartment soon became a palace. Finally the new masters came. One day several people came to the police building Cars, from which ten Zandarmes got off. Immediately The commands of the commanders were heard. In the evening he appeared On the wall of the police house a new plaque. Terrible words Viewed from it: 0151 SMT.8 .8 (SS and local police) The winter was hard. The residents had no stage Infer the stoves. The food supply has run out. Hard days passed over us, in hunger and cold, without Bedding, no clothes. The snow fell incessantly. Before, I saw winter as a pleasant year: Winter carts would pass through the streets. Ringing Age in their bells; Cheerful children were playing On the street, throw snowballs at each other and do From the snow Galmiyadam. I was wearing warm clothes Goes out early in the morning, swallows with pleasure The damp, refreshing snowflakes. Now winter has become a curse. In homes - cold Poignant. Crowds of people stand in the streets, dressed Poor clothes, and struggling with the forces of nature. Head The gendarmes, Fritz Figos, issued to: forbidden That on the street the snow will fall even for a short time. The cruel Prussian, wrapped in warm sheepskin, was 25 Passes in a winter cart hitched to a pair of horses and divides Whiplash on the right and left, -! 1106 611140216 T / 061164 / E48 Damn Jews!). Women, old people and children are fighting snow in all Their power. These accumulate it into piles, others Drive it in winter carts. - Lord of the world! - People sigh God-fearing, - indeed the necessity is for the snow Going down all the time, without-: constantly? Fritz, raging like a beast of prey, invents every day New inventions, to torment the weary people, Work lasts from morning to evening. I have already been evacuated. The avalanche, the snow was also swept. The professional workers Performing all kinds of work for the Germans. These Established cooperatives, in which the tailors work, The shoemakers, the carpenters. No one can complain On lack of work. But their only salary is a hundred And fifty grams of bread a day, and at that wage they work The people in the sweat of their brow, knowing that at home Hungry children are waiting for them. At that time, Fritz also formed a cooperative of Doctors. All the Jewish doctors at the place were gathered Into one house, they and their families, and must Had to respond to every call of the gendarmerie. I, living all the time with Dr. Rosenzweig's family, I have now been appointed housekeeper, The landlord where the doctors sat was a man Educated, veteran Zionist, Feldman by name. Many years He was the chairman of the Jewish community in Darzein. And according to Who was very respectable to the Jewish public, Minuhu The Germans initially to the chairman of the Judenrat. However After a while, Feldman sees that this is causing him Sorrow and anger. Find an excuse to step down, Claiming that he is not suitable for this position due to age And indeed an old man was a burden in the burden of huh. (To work, It was a man whose manners were rhythmic, and did not know Negligence and laxity. He was very careful about his appearance The exterior. Even in the most difficult days he kept up Gakion and order in his clothes and tie. His wife Pesia She would argue: What is the point of showing off these days? And he would reply to her: But you one, there is no need to submit. 206 Give! (Stupidity like you, we do not need To surrender!), This Jew stayed to live with us for an hour at her home Together with the doctors, Our custom at home was a commune custom for everything: We ate together in a large room, and the women cooked, woman A woman in the Torah. On Saturday nights she was the wife of Feldman, Pesia, lighting candles, and the atmosphere of Shabbat Felt at home. Old Feldman was roaming my room The doctors and humming Shabbat hymns. Approaching a deadline Passover, one of the doctors, Dr. Roventhal. A man with a warm, Zionist Jewish heart And educated - and turned to Feldman and all the doctors In a proposal to make a joint order for all the members of the household. Gentiles from the villages, who would come to be healed by The doctors, provided food needs. And matzahs ​​were baked Primitively. There was also Yesh for Kiddush Rosenthal delivered that shocking speech on the same liliesdor The situation, and brought some of us to tears. I approached the son of the same Dr. Resenthal Most. Though he was only fifteen years old. Young From me in seven years, took my heart. He looks Younger than his age. He was thin, short, his forehead Tall, long nose and eyes large, black and with- Kut. According to his intellect and development he was as an adult For everything. He was able to learn even in the very days Those hard ones. During the day he would accompany me and help For me in my work arranging the house, and in the evenings it is Gather in one of the rooms, which was used on the day of the reception Sick, and there the boy would play the violin. She was with us Also one girl, Bella, a girl of ten, the daughter of Dentist Hirschhorn,. Rolled in time The war from Grodno to Drzeszyn. It may seem puzzling that I joined Tsei- Rim from me at their age. But the people in the house were all Much older than me, and by nature I was attracted For young people. After a full day's work we had a chance- The three of us sleep together. Our fate brought us closer together, and That of a young girl gave meaning to our conversations. In the middle of winter the peasants began, who would come To visit us stealing, miracles and wonders recount Pavel Bullock. A resident of the nearby village of Ostrovo, Sepo Darzain Who at the time was chairman of the kolkhoz. A brave man- It was Lev, hiding in the woods from the Germans, and alas To the Nazis who fall into his hands! He was wandering In the villages and calls on the peasants to revolt against the Germans And went out into the woods. There, in the nearby forests, they hid Apparently also a few Russians, of those who remained In place after the fall of the Red Army. That's how it sounded One day in our conversations a new word: partisan. Forest The thick, large and vanishing, was already used then for the young Israel is a subject of contemplation at night. In those days, at the beginning of 1942, Re News about the Russians' victories in the experience { These would comfort the people a little and soothe them In them hopes. But alas! The approaching spring brought with it news Evil: At the front we, the Jews, were not seen We have but black-and-black chances. The youth are getting organized March-April, 1942 At the beginning of spring, the bad news began. Beats on our heads one after another. The Germans started In the general extermination of the Jews of Belarus. The despair Started gnawing at hearts. Slackness of spirit and slackness of hands Prevailed in all, --- There is nothing that can save us, - said the people. There were bitter rumors about the nearby salons, Where H. lived 0601618-1: 01000155: 181, Commission The shire. In the position of head of the Jewish Affairs Department Served a young Nazi, whose last name was Hickey The eighteen-year-old Prussian, whose face is the face of an innocent boy, Was nothing but a blood-thirsty predator. Is a lot Invent decrees for mornings; Thus surpassing his predecessors. At that time, a census of all the Jews of Slonim was conducted. A list was made, in which the Jews were divided into several types, Depending on their occupation. Ordinary mortals were jealous In the professionals needed by the Germans. To my husband- The profession was given yellow certificates, which were machines "Certificates of Life". Some time passed after the census ended. And here's a day One was surrounded by the Jewish Quarter in a gang of men Drunk SS, in the Ukrainian Auxiliary and in the police Locals, Belarusians and Poles. Jews were expelled Book Thirty From their apartments and transported out of town. There they took off Into the pre-prepared pits and the orphanage in the shots. The two-time executioners engaged in the murder of the People. Only the yellow cardholders remained In life. Gather them into a small, surrounded neighborhood Wire fence. This is how the ghetto was established in the living rooms. Anxiously we listened to the stories of the refugees The few, who secretly came to Darchin. But also Here the situation did not bode well. It started with us too The gendarmerie in the preparations. The Belarusians were convened In a special part of town. Not far from the police, The place of the poor before, the Germans set aside A large area, in which several dozen houses were built Small, half-Russian. This space is meant to be used Ghetto in the future. Striking workers soon began to strike Pillars in the ground and connect them with barbed wire. So The cage was prepared for human birds. The transfer to the ghetto took place in several stages. We, Living in the doctors' house, we were transferred at the stage The latter. For the first time, they were deported to the ghetto area only People without work certificates. So taken too From our house is one family, that of the landlord, Feldman And his wife, Early in the morning the Judenrat official came to us, And read from the list in his hand the names of the two men The goddess. Feldman is this, that no decree has been decreed upon us until Now she has not taken him out of his gender, he is now shaken to the point The foundation. His upright stature was lowered at once. His wife Stood and cried, and he began to pick up the still Housewares, arzam, and as usual always did Now precision and meticulousness in everything. Collected his books, books- Holy, and arranged them in a box in meticulous order; In a drawer packed the clothes, shirt on top A shirt that will not wrinkle, God forbid. We, Deri The house, we dispersed a man to his work. It was later learned To us, because while arranging and packing, Feldman disappeared Suddenly. Start looking for him. After a while- were heard Voices of cry from Feldman's wife: - Jews, save! People gathered for the shout: in the yard, in the barn- The trees, the seventy-year-old was found hanging from a rope. After several hours, his funeral took place. With permission The Nazi commander, Fritz Figos, accompanied the dead To the cemetery. We laid him in an old, harnessed cart 27 To an old horse owned by the Judenrat and taken out of The yard. As we passed the house we saw Figos Standing and watching us. And here the Nazi exclaimed aloud, With the intention that his words will reach our ears: - Here the wise Jew is led for burial The most in this town! The events developed at lightning speed. From each side Stupid rumors came to us. She was in Bernowitzi Action? --- (This is what the massacre was called): Here Hick went on a rampage with his gang in Kozloveshchizna Samu- So. And here was another sorting in the living rooms (those for life And to work, and those to die). The Germans were not satisfied Killed by gunfire. One day they went to Darchin Ply- Tim from faraway places. Their stories conveyed wool * Teacher in our flesh. Such was the case in the town of Ioaczwicz: in one From the nights of February, Hick and others suddenly arrived there. His mouth. There was a strong frost outside. The thugs The half-dressed Jews were taken out of the houses And walk to the living rooms. On the way froze to death all The children; Old men and women fell. Woe to him who has lingered On his way to rub his frozen legs. As animals- Prey pounced on him and beat him to death. These Survivors envied the spaces that covered my face The way. Those who came to the salons were put into The ghetto. Our heart foretold us that the glass would pass over us as well Soon. No one would raid him at night His clothes. Feverishly we repaired the bunkers. If we happen to have a passer-by at night,. Was He must be amazed at peeking out the windows of the houses. Transition The glass had a pale, frightened face: these There were the tired, vigilant sentries See, if there is no battalion-death battle for the place. The news of the victories of the Russians at the front They no longer brought joy to our hearts. In front was - The religion of the Germans won one after another, In April, the Germans issued an order, on All the Russian soldiers, who remained in his area of ​​retreat Of the Red Army and lived in villages near E- Kerim. To appear before the authority. Most called 28 Stabilize and flee to the forests. They trusted the peasants not Will reveal their whereabouts. From time to time, news began to reach our ears About the partisans. The peasants, who tend to exaggerate, were It is said in secret that an entire camp roams the forests Of Red Soldiers, armed with excellent weapons and awake- A battlefield. We did not have too much faith in Sifu These rims, because more than once were disappointed. Hans, for example, was That Perkisman winter, which we expected from day to day To the escape of the Germans from the Russians. But under This started Hick with his gang raging. Indeed, The good news was almost always false, While the bad news would have been confirmed. If super, For example, on action-: extermination in a certain town or Anonymous, it would always turn out to be true. However, if they whispered and told after the occupation of Minsk The Battle of the Red Army to Bernowitz, was finally found that The battles are fought on Stalingrad. This is how they became The people were black-sighted, and did not believe except in Kyu- Mo of evil. However the events began to hint that in the environment Something is really going on. Hardly a day went by without police coming Tired and frightened to dart from the police stations Nearby, and in their mouths information about the attacks of Partisans. The Germans believed that these were nothing but Bandits-robbers roam the area and harass The small police stations. For you can Rob the peasants unhindered, without fear Punished. The Germans would scold the police and command They must return to their stations, but the solicitations And the reprimands, and even beatings and threats, had no effect About the frightened Bialorussian cops. --- We are afraid for our souls, - would argue Stubbornly. --- We are expected to be put to death immediately by the army- The partisans. Sometimes there was a poor farmer, from the fans to the gram- Nim, arrives at the path that ascends to the corps The city and announces now raging, "lists" in the village. An alarm would have been set immediately. " The cops, riding their bikes. Followed by the Jean- Dharms, who are careful for their souls. Of course in me the sweet- Pim had already disappeared from the village, and the chattering farmer Book Thirty Was severely flogged for his mistake of the- Tons, In those days a new spirit began sometimes in the heart The Jewish youth. With longing they looked into the distance, To the forests, to the place where people who fund live Give their necks a yoke. The idea of ​​the Gigma, Sown in hearts it has already, went and ripened its fruit- Thio. A period of dreams began - about freedom And on retaliatory acts on the enemy. After the work day we would hang out together at the company Limited, discuss the possibility of escape. One thing It was clear: in case "someone disappears, you will pay His whole family in her life. It was hard for a person to do An act that could bring death to his parents, to his brother And his younger sisters. While the escape of the family It all involved restraints and obstacles that do not exist To overcome them, for in almost every house there were Toddlers or the elderly, who do not have to endure the ordeal- A path of unknown and full of dangers. The situation was deadlocked. We decided to start by the hour with stockpiling weapons. This job was assigned to the German workers Sorting the cockroaches left after the Russian retreat In 1941, It was a difficult role. Even one bullet, which- Get out of the hands of a Jew, it meant certain death To the landlord and his family. But what wonderful There were moments. In which we would look in secret, In the evenings, in the treasures we have obtained, and humble them Then in a safe place. Carefully we would attach Together the parts of the guns and pistols and brush the The rusty bullets. At night, on our bed, we were See in our dreams how we take revenge on the enemy In the weapon we stole from him. Indeed, the same guns we hid So caused more than once, in later periods, To the deaths of many Nazis. For me a new life began. My condition was good Parable of my friends' situation. The Germans did not know that related I'm in Dr. Rosenzweig's family I'm lonely, and if I leave town they may To think that I had returned to my family in the distance. Was I intend to go out into the woods at the earliest opportunity. Book Thirty Honeysuckle May, 1942 The events came urgently one after another and hastened The decisive moment is coming. In early May hit The partisans at the nearest police station in the town Holinka. Several policemen were killed, and the rest tried In a panic to Darzein and told of "great forces" of Bolsheviks,. Who surrounded the town and attacked the The station according to all the tactics of war. This time they were scared The Germans were really afraid. From now on they were afraid To the partisan attack on Dretsin, and intensified The guard; On the roof of the house of the People's Police Chief- Heavy two-shot machine: At night there were editors Constantly experience-alarms. The more the Germans feared, the stronger the name. Ha in the Jewish camp. Even the black-eyed The distinct began to believe that the partisans Will bring redemption. In addition there were, the commentators The political "that our son proves by signs and wonders, Because the Russians dropped many paratroopers to the crown The Germans, In the meetings of our secret organization is Plan the assault plan in detail, in it Opens with the signal given from the forest. As usual, after a period of flourishing hopes, no The disappointment was too late to come. Even at the end of her winter The Gendarmerie About sixty young Jews to the camp Work near the village of Pobyts. For months Several worked on paving the road between Slonim and Kon- Lubshchizna. From the letters sent to us in secret We have learned of the terrible torments which the Go- To the sea. They were cruelly abused. The Polish policemen More than half of the meager food rations were stolen, Given to them. Workers were from the hot hawk until the hour- Late evening. For the night they would be transferred, Accompanied by a military guard, to the barracks surrounded by wires- Wire, And suddenly, several days after the station was attacked- Police in Holinka, the exiled young men began Return stealthily to Darzain. From them we learned. That One night, partisans also stormed the camp. Their work, banned the sentries and ordered all 29 The workers return to their homes. According to the scribes The partisans were wearing Soviet military uniforms And their walks were shrouded in secrecy. We swallowed every word and word that came out of their mouths. We waited impatiently: when, at last, I visited The Partisans in Drzain. It is clear that such an event would not have been possible for him That will remain a secret for a long time. Gendarme Commander- Water, who has recently felt that the ground is slipping Beneath his feet, he began to rage like a beast of prey. He Conduct a satanic plan, the purpose of which is to prove that the Nim is still in control of the situation. One night they were arrested All the families of the workers who previously worked in Fawitz. Early in the morning, the Germans led the detainees, About one hundred and sixty men, old men, women and children, past The nearest village. Adjacent to one grove was ordered the Um- Lalim to dig a pit for them: then set them up Inside the pit and started firing at them from machine-guns. That evening, one woman returned to the Darzin ghetto, Who miraculously escaped. The Germans thought she was dead. And indeed Injured were severely wounded. After we left The killers from the scene of the killing. The woman got up and slipped away Under the bodies of the spaces. Her stories came up in fear- They wondered about everything we had heard so far. The Germans Tortured the people mercilessly before killing them. The gendarme chief Fritz smashed their heads with his hand Of infants to the grove of trees. The anguish Hi So hard that every man prayed in his heart that he would die Will come soon, A few days later the wicked came for their punishment. The Germans went on an offensive with the police About the partisans, who were rumored to have been found An hour in one of the villages on the border of the forest beyond To the river Shachara. But after a few hours they were seen The Germans retrace their steps in panic, miracles Death-escape. The partisans were found to be ready To attack and greeted them with shots from the ambush. Fritz was seriously injured. That evening his hand was amputated The hand that murdered several dozen babies days ago Jews. I decided not to procrastinate any longer, and try to find My way to the partisans. 280 The escape July 5, 1942 The day has finally come. In the morning I went out, as usual, For my work. This time I had the hardest job. Thoughts swirled in my mind for dozens of how I would perform I escaped from the town. The policemen watching For the work I was given blows generously Due to spiritual distraction. Two more had to go with me Members of the Warrior Organization: Herschel Zuckerman Bo Nineteen-year-old Uanka Kaplan: They too are refugees like me. We decided not to take With us all weapons. The Germans, who feared an attack The partisans set up guards around the town. Bars, as well as shifts around on the roads. The cops, Standing on the river bank on the border of the town, They looked after the ghetto with seven eyes. If they found the We have the weapons in our hands, there were dozens of paying Jews In their lives the return. We thought the partisans did not Lack of weapons, and their eyes will not be narrow in him to give To us. At the last meeting of our secret organization Gat- Making a decision, we must be official messengers On behalf of the organized Jewish youth of Darzin Al The partisan headquarters. We had to tell the Russians On the attitude of the Jews, who are ready for war, And influence the partisans who will attack the garrison In particular. In case of an assault on the town will be able to Rely, with complete certainty, on the help of the forces Organized in it. That day all the members of the organization were preoccupied And engaged in our escape. Rangers were sent to find the The points they kept are few. The day started getting dark. The people are back it already From their work to their homes. There was silence in the ghetto. The decisive moment was approaching. We stood by the wires- The barbed wire and we looked longingly at the nearby fields. From time to time the silence was horrified by their whistles Of the cops. Finally the Rangers returned, and we We received the necessary information from them. We hugged Strongly our friends. Goodbye! After a short time we were beyond the barbed wire, We quickly crossed the small stream, which was narrow Shallow. Figures were seen at the top of a nearby hill Sepo Darzain Unity. It was a German vantage point. In steps We quickly turned to the nearby rye field. At any moment the sentries might have noticed Son. But the hour played out for us, tired and sweaty We finally hid in the crowded rise. For a moment we were delayed Inhale. I took one last look at the ghetto. Free Selfish! There, in the damn trap, people stayed Broken, unsafe tomorrow. Upon arrival we made our way through the oats The fullness. We hurried forward. We now faced a difficulty Big: We have to get around the hit Polish neighborhood " Na Kamyonka. In the head went Herschel, who was well versed in the area. Night fell, Suddenly barking dogs started. They came close To our ears are the voices of people. - Maybe they felt us. Anka whispered. We fell to the ground. After a moment the voices fell silent. We continued on our way. In front of us is the hospital building Beyond the Kamyonka, in the suburb of Dartzin. There A German observatory was found. We have to go over The face of the obstacle huh, then we are out of bounds The town. I glanced at the clock. It was ten-thirty. Herschel He walked with confident steps, and we followed. We followed the plan. Pre-worked out in detail. Finally the hospital walls were behind us. In Mero- We crossed the Darchenzalva road. The part The first of the dangerous road ended successfully. We turned towards the village of Ostrovo on the forest border. We knew that there are often found Partisans. Bullock himself, the partisan leader, Shaw- For an hour his name had already gone to fame, he was a native Ostrovo, Tired of brisk walking all night, We were finally in the village. The dogs, who felt us, In strangers, open with a bark. So far we were sure Quite, for we knew that at night there would be no Germans To leave their abode. But here is the dawn. From The fading darkness emerged from the church tower of Darzein. Some more time he is in the village, waiting for the arrival of The "night guests" we've been waiting for so long. But here it is Summer the little village from his sleep. We could not be again Humming, and we made our way towards the nearby forests. Book Thirty We soon entered Borolom (that was the name of Same forest). It was a hot July morning. The fresh forest The hand is covered with dew. Around a dense vegetable. We swallowed the fresh air inside us, after a week. Innocent flaps of suffocating life in the narrow and Stink. Cheerfulness attacked us. Herschel replied to Tzipo- Rim in lip-tweet. Anka started laughing Suddenly a hysterical laugh, pointing to our clothes, at The gleaming yellow patches, debating The surface of the fabric. In disgust we tore the mark off us Slavery. We have started a new life. However, our cheerfulness did not last long. Beer The great, the unknown, had no sign and no trace For living people. We walked the paths, we tried to get help Following them, but all our searches were in vain. On the third day our food ran out. We feared for the village To enter. We had no weapons. Despite the freedom In which we won, we will have gloomy chances, Finally we had one old man, who was cutting In lazy branches, make of them brooms. Mac- Most were children screaming and barking dogs. Apparently there is some village nearby. The old man told us that we were close to Dubrova on Shachara Riverbank. Having no choice we asked the The old farmer: - Tell me, Grandpa, where are the partisans? The old man pretended to be innocent and replied: I will not know, dear gentlemen. Long live God, no I know All our solicitations were in vain. The old man argued stubbornly Because he knows nothing, It started to rain. Desperate, hungry and wet We decided to go to the village. Only in a few houses We honored him with a slice of bread. - Jews are those who fled the ghetto - We were greeted as we entered the cabin. We also heard clips of women's conversations: - Spies are those, sent on behalf of the Germans. We understood that the peasants, who know the pile of The Germans, do not believe in foreign migrants, I know them. It was clear that in Dredd we would not reach For our purpose. - And perhaps there is no news about the partisans but Legend, Fake 1 - We asked ourselves. 281 We decided to move to the other forest, known as Casibor. - Maybe that's where the partisans are? - We were comforted Man each other. After wandering for many hours we finally arrived To the small village of Sliza, beyond which lies a forest Casibor. We were standing at the edge of the village. And here's the grandfather My attention is a young blond guy, blue- Eyes, back-floor,. Who would flap the bar and sing The song, Katyusha. "In this character, no There was something surprising, had it not been for the prominent pistol From his belt. I immediately caused my friends' attention To this strange farmer. "Apparently it's nothing but a partisan," he whispered Herschel Zuckerman. We approached him. On the pilots' hat, wearing the ter- Prostitution to the guy's head, there was a red star And small, with a hammer and scythe on it. At the sight of this signal All our doubts have evaporated. We stood face-to-face with The first partisan we came across. I barely got out According to c - Are you a partisan? "Yes, I'm a red partisan," Helm replied Proudly. We told him, the partisan, what had happened to us The guy listened excitedly to our stories. Finally Started telling us about himself. With bated breath We listened to every word and word that came out of his mouth. Among partisans July 1942 And this was the story of the partisan: My name is Mishka Dubakov, and I've a terrorist Cuban. Before the war I was drafted into the army. Hannah Battalions On the German border right. June 1941, after Hsbush shnkhl tsbanu MIDI hgrmnim, nusks E. Over my friend and I stumbled upon this village. Peasants The old men entered my house, and for quite some time I lived Quietly, I worked on the farm. And here, in early spring, The Germans ordered all the people who were in their time Soldiers in the Red Army, and remained in Belarus, Will stand before them. Well, we took out the weapon that was Lies in the ground and we fled to the forests. In Kiev There is a small group of us, twenty-one years old 282 Man. In Bololom is Bulak with his company, Kar- Beim man. Bunch slightly larger than those parked Across the river of Drzein. The Germans believe that Parno reaches thousands, and the peasants distribute on purpose Exaggerations on the partisans, to prevent the Swabians From going to the villages. And now I'm in Celise As a spectator on behalf of the company. At night I will be in the forest, in the camp. Tomorrow I will inform you of the commander, Vania Zaitsob. He It is customary to receive every person with kindness. All winter Was wandering alone in the snow-covered forests, Maman Surrender to the Germans. In the spring we organized our group, And Manny then the Germans do not know rest in Darchen. He will surely accept you into his company. It was already dusk, and Mishka Duba- Cobb stopped working and said: - And now, boys, let's go eat. He put us in a lonely house outside the village. Opening the door we saw the landlords: no- Crowd, flesh-growing and broad-bodied, filling everything The room in its being, while the farmer - skinny and small - Floor. Neither he nor she look straight To your face. Mishka turned to them and said: - Let them eat, Valigo: - Sit back and see yourself as family members. The peasant woman approached the stove with a sullen face, She took a bowl from there and placed it on the table These were rye flour pancakes, cold, from the morning, Penny Mishka, previously produced by Tobilev and Hiba, We were confused. He rolled up with a vigorous hand gesture With his hat back, he slapped his hand frantically on the table And said: - Since when are you used to eating pancakes? Of Cold 1 Both the farmer and the farmer felt for him: - In the name of God, Merciful! The guys were here, They ate everything. Mishka calmed down and said: Filled, mica and seen. So the farmer changed her taste, hurried to The window and read: - From Russia, bring from the pantry what's there. Now the mouth of the oven was opened, and its secretions were brought to my heart. Hot and good booth and soon the table was covered Sepo Darzain For reasons it is no longer a rhinoceros: cream, cheese, Bread-wheat, white, eggs, After we finished eating Mishka took a basket, act Landlord, and supervisor of the farmer: - and now give them food by the side of the road, for a few Days, The command was fulfilled. This is how we learned what we took on Partisans' lives. Mishka accompanied us to the thick bushes, Adjacent. There we had to wait for the commander, Two consecutive days we waited for Vania, lying between The bushes. It was raining all the time, and we wandered in between The bushes and we picked up the bushes. We talked about what That we heard from Dubakov. We have now come to know that The situation is different than we imagined. Instead There is no large partisan army here, but small groups. Nat, who terrorize the troops of the German situation In particular, Finally, on the third day, we heard Ka prolonged. According to this signal we came out of the gift- Haim. In front of us stood Mishka and another partisan, Unrecognized, - I and Wanka, - the stranger introduced himself to Nino, holding out his hand to us. So it was the commander that Mish told us about- Ka. We saw before us a guy, small, skinny, wearing a coat A summer military, and its appearance, in fact, as a Jewish appearance: The hair is black, the eyes are black. The nose is a bit humpy, He had several dentures, cheekbones Pointed, and his expression sharp, Vanka showed us about the logs of the felled trees And said: - And now we'll be blown away "- please, guys. He waited until we sat down, and then he sat down too. Turning to Misha Dubakov, he asked: - You have a newspaper We, the novices, thought we had that in mind Read political news to us, Mishka took a folded newspaper out of his pocket and handed it to me The commander. Under retire it and read it, ripped And a ship with its claws a large sheet from the newspaper and held out To me, without saying and things. I did the same And I handed part of the sheet to Herschel. That plug Uanka Book Thirty He reached into his coat pocket and took out a handful of tobacco, "From behind", and respected me and my friends. Also to Mishka Gave, and then took to him as well. Now I find out about the newspaper. - The eyes that see - said Vania, in his ascension Smoke in a cigarette made by his hands, - who are nimble with you, You managed to escape from the German and come to us. But I want to warn you, first of all, that our lives are not Easy, and you never know what the whole thing will be like. Two. I would like to see you as good partisans, Wanka's practicality and seriousness made us rod A vigorous name. We said we hope he will not be delayed Son. We told about the hardships of the Jews in the ghetto, about Our secret organization, for their readiness-for-battle Those who remained in the town. Fled from the slaughter Remember as another sweet dream Those sunny and joyful years, which if Spent under Daddy's lap Mom - the first 16 years of my life In small, warm derechin. With me Together they grew up in the ravines Ours, Israel and Deborah-Rebekah, my two Brothers, Moses and Abraham, and my sister Beyle. How a nightmare and a nightmare come true. Crucified in my memory the bloody years since September 19239, when a black cloud Has covered our heavens. The Germans have Poland was attacked and bombed Approached Derechin. The entry Marsh of the Soviets saved us Of German occupation, but only on a Scarce ride year. I go to a Russian school Self-study, but no normal life is already Round gone. The quiet way of life of Derechin has already been destroyed. My Dad, A Farber of Occupation, Fort Away In faraway Siberia, he volunteered 283 So the commander said goodbye to us, and ordered us to get ready In patience. The next day Mishka came and brought two with him Guns. - Now, guys, - read cheerfully, - You are real partisans! We hugged him tightly, we did not know how to admit 7 Misha continued to teach us a lesson in partisan theory 43 - The rifle, - he said - is the soldier's wife; He will never part with him, he will lie with him and he will rise with him. We have embraced in our hearts the precious gift. But before A few more days I wore the yellow badge On my clothes, and now a free man I am, a warrior. (From the book, Dr. Atlas Company) / Gutke Boyarskiysalutsky To the work of colors tank in A Large factory. Spring 1941 he arrives Back, and our family is full of joy, What a short joy! A couple months Later come without the murderous German Fires, shootings, famine, forced labor - We live in fear every day. Pretty decrees Fall upon us one after another, We, the children, are as old as night We know and understand all things Revolves around us and who it stands for us Ride. We do everything to save ourselves But we can not help. My father as Farber is counted "Oh, useful Jew," and we cross over Living on the other side of the ghetto, on the Deutscher Gaas, Ba de Kaminkes. Along with We find ourselves in the house with some families, In the ghetto we are jealous. M. calls us "Living Jews", but we feel in general Not as living. Late in the night after Tshehibab- Taenit wakes us mom:, gets up, 284 Children, I see a lot of military around ghettos And everywhere. A slaughter! Let's escape. But we can not run, because we come There is a guard in the yard. A little bit of plenty- Ter takes away the police watch from Our yard to the school yard, and we show up Soon hiding in a hiding place. We Lie down and look at everything that comes your way Outdoors. Out of dead-pit out / mute Our family has lived from generation to generation In Derechin. Were born there My grandparents and parents and there I was also born. We had six children, five in- Happy and one girl. My father is young Died and left the mother with Six children, the eldest son 12 years Old and the youngest 2 years. I'm there Aged 6 years, Our mother did everything she could to Raising and educating the children. We did Get an education that is appropriate for Jews Children. And so life went on The war broke out. As I recall, this happened in years 1, on a beautiful summer day after Shavuot, When planes suddenly appeared Over town. People were killed * Mlt and ran to hide, It did not take long for the Germans Entered town. Soon the first day They gathered all the inhabitants of the land together Church. There they cried Divide the congregation into Jews and Christians, Afterwards, they came from among the Jewish community Removed Favel Meschels with his wife And yet some Jews, and more, had she Already no living not seen. Sepo Darzain The night comes without, and we run away from The slaughter 'town. Our whole family Escape into forest. The mother cries, she Has lost her mother, five brothers and A sister with their children. She is sure That we were saved, and her near ones Perished. But the forest breathes With death, Novitskiegrachuk One German gave a sermon and Shouted that the Jews were guilty in the War. He sprayed pitch and sulfur On the Jews. Afterwards a shooting began, and They told us to run. I ran And the eyes were weary. I am Escape behind the moguls and pre- Hide in a field between the tongues. Ran Am I with my little daughter of two Year, and I was then eight years pregnant Month. Are we thus lying in field, and On the other hand, there have been a number of Beautiful streets raised flames high to the sky, I decided that what I really needed to do was learn how to do it right Be, but I must go back home. Lived I then went to the cantor's house. My mother did We searched everywhere, and later was She also ran home. The Germans have continuously Pushed the Jews to the streets that are Were embraced by flames of the Fire. When we got home, we went straight in Basement itself hid. We thought Then we will have no living beings Basement not out. My husband ,. Samuel, has worked for the Soviet and for him was a big one Huge himself to show up in the street. Long days is Book Thirty He sat down in the basement, where he used to be Go out and catch some fresh air first When it got dark outside. A ride months later my husband had himself Accepted with courage and appeared inside Day bring some water and seek spear. A local stiff, he called Hatch, Grabbed my husband and dragged him away In police-fosterunek. I have had a Known gi, whose mother is a certain Rublevsky, was a policeman. Am in Off to her request she let me help o See that my husband may come back home. When I arrived at the police station, I met Rublevsky there. He Told me that in a couple days around Many Jews will be taken from Derechin No slums, even my husband among them. And My husband will be hanged there. He But he promised me that he would see Let my husband hand over the fluff Slonimer Judenrat ". And so it is Were. My brother Chaim lived in Slonim, I sent him a letter through Welwell Hanch, who used to lead the Germans Slonim. I told the brother, Oz My husband is under arrest and he may See doing everything he can was really kind Brother rescued him. Derechiner Jews suffered from the German decrees, of the accessibility, of hunger and Of tortures. In enclosed ghetto is Became narrower from day to day. The day Come - pray for the night, the night Come - ask people on day. This is how the weeks and months went. My Newborn Euphele was already old 4 Months, and my husband did not even know When our child was born We had an acquaintance in Derechin Gentile, Petrusha Rushetsky. Once he had us The thief brought some flour to the ghetto as well Group. I fell in love with this guy 265 Him to the feet, that he might help me, out- Lead me from Derechin and bring Qin Slonim, to my husband and brother, I have him For this promised my whole fortune. My Property then consists of my bed- Dressed and A 20 arshin seats. The guy did I promised that his brother would join me Within 2 days of transfer to Slonim, And he kept his word. On second Day his brother came 5 o'clock for- Day, when it was still dark, and me Said that his carriage stands on Borodok. He also brought 2 peasant clothes, For me and for my moms. We did Fast, in the dark, turned and Out of ghetto. I myself do not know how This gave way to us but me Arrived safely at the wagon. The goy Called us to bury ourselves in hi. He did not drive through Slonimer Street, In the same way no slanim, only through Same street, with same highway, drove Around forest and there came out on Slonimer highway. Supporting A 12--15 Wiorst of Halinke We hear a shout: Stop! Stay tuned! = - It is dark before my eyes. I'm sitting So in carriage with one child on my hands And my mother with second child. I give A look and see that Mattel Sinias leads Deb German Fritz no slonim. The German asks the Gentile: Whom do you understand? The Gentile answered him, "I have enough." Sick mother of a doctor in Slonim, And he said to me, "This is my sister-in-law." Ter. The children were crying, says Mattele Sinai to the German: The children are afraid For us, let's move on. Click the German A murmur, "Thunder-weather," and they depart. A stone is down from my heart. So. Dragging ourselves, we arrived in Slanim, entered a small ghetto. There they were We met my brother Chaim. 286 Three weeks after our arrival in Sla- Nimer ghetto was there the first Slaughter. The survivors were evacuated. Led to another ghetto, There, in the new ghetto, I happened to be My brother Itche. He had run From Derechin to Minsk, I do not know To who and to when. He returned from Minsk Came no slonim. With him is I. Ran my second brother, Meirke, however He was killed on the way to Minsk Became. In ghetto where we arrived is Was a terrible crush. Been there Slonimer and gelone "bezhentses" of Poland. We were 40 families in one House, At night, people used to build in the ghetto; Ronen ", shelters. It was built In the cellars in which he was buried Even deeper basements. After a few weeks I managed to cross- Going with my moms in a grammar huh We were there until it came The slaughter on children. That awful day I lost both my children. Nothing No ink to describe the feelings of a mother, Who lost her children in one day. My husband was once out of ghetto search I have some food, and I have more Not seen. Everything around was closed and closed. Locks, no one has heard the Jew Whining. Wherever the German entered, The Jews were immediately condemned. In the last house I'm in Been with my moms, we lay down 4 days without food and without a drop of water. With Us together were some lodger Eden. One Jew suggested to me, me Let's go out of there, and I with mine Moms are out on frog. One week later, the Germans Come with trucks pick up the Book Thirty Eden. Me too with my moms have her Taken. When he led us, tell me My mother: Jump out, my child, save Yourself! I know where it came from Taking power, I jumped out. Then The Germans abandoned the Jew and me Are back in the ghetto. A few weeks later, they resumed Picked up the Jews. This time they had her Led to the slaughter. The graves are already Were excavated. They shot, and the people went Fell into the grave. My mom is Fell on me. When the Germans were already gone, I managed to get out from under My moms body. I did not know, Where I am, I am so confused I ask myself: Help me! But I see No living people around him. Suddenly I see a man rise On from among the mountains with dead bodies. I see that one hand is half open- Risen. He raises on the other hand, half We got up on our feet and dragged We came out of nowhere. I was terrified and bloodied Took wander. It was already dark. Lech. So self-absorbed I fell ill Behind city. I see a house in the distance, It was a car. I come to and see A goy she milks a cow in steel. She looks Me without and says nothing. I say to you; Have mercy and let me in. She takes me In front of hand and leads me away behind a Stalker and tells me that I might be there Stand and wait until her husband comes From field, the goy was departed and I thought --- maybe they will call the Germans And we deliver into their hands! Ei I think, what will happen, and I stand And waits. Book and serious I saw how her husband is - Arrived far and how she gives him esf And then she brings me a bale of 2 buckets Water and tells me that I should turn around- Wash. Afterwards she brought me yours A dress and called me to take off my clothes Bloody things. She led me to a Skafets, gave me something to eat and said, That I could spend the night here. On morning very early she came to me And told me I had to get away- Go. She does not want to end her life for the sake of it A toy. She demanded, perhaps immediately Go away because she and her husband have to leave In field work. I started crying and begging Ask her not to drive me out Let's be here. She said: Well, stand here This day, but in the evening you have to leave. And she added: Go back in Ghetto, which will be with all Jews will Be with you too Where should I go? To whom shall I go? Go? Everywhere the enemy lurks. There are no slans I have not met anyone. The gentile allowed me to take her dress, What she gave me yesterday she did. My I leave bloodied clothes on 2807 You. She leads me a little way. I gi Back in the ghetto. On the way I see horses and beasts walking Around and fasten yourself. They are free, eat with Appetite, and I run like a damned mouse Across the dark world, alone, Back from tomb outside. I'm coming back to the ghetto. There I meet Moshe Paretskin. He tells me he has Conversed with several other Jews And she plans to go out into the woods. He did We agreed, I should go with them to " Seeds. In the ghetto he got me a pair Boots and another dress, and with a forehead Days later, on a Saturday, when the There were Germans and all other non-Jews Well secured, we have abandoned this Ghetto, They all agreed to meet each other To the people of the world. We went through Nevsk. Somewhat further on we found- Whites noticed Germans and took shots On us. We left immediately And so he rolled on over the Earth. Long have we wandered, crawled through Mud, streams and fields, until we are Arrived in the Volcanic forests. Destruction of Beit Yisrael in Derechin / Sh. Niger Listen Learn In Sh. Niger's book, Kiddush Hashem "is worth it too Tells about cruel slaughter day in Derechin. This happened ten days in Ab, in year 1942 It was dropped on a Friday. Although It was strictly forbidden to go down Of course, the Jews gathered at nine o'clock Bob in the basement and told the tales. Mhot used on Holocaust of with two A thousand years ago and on the present Destruction ... After the night of Tisha B'Av, when it Took days, said the Gestapo, along With Ukrainian and Lithuanian police, Surrounded the ghetto and started it Shelled from all sides. The Jews were running Hiding in the graves under the houses, Which they had previously prepared, but these German, with the help of the local פּאָליצײ, האָבן ארױיסגעשלעפּט די אידן פון די 288 Grief, they carried on schoolyard and on Bliznan's fields and they killed with Gunpowder, machine guns and hand grenades. They set fire to the ghetto. The voices and howls could be heard Miles away. Some were buried in three Tombs and the rest lie in six tombs In the fields of Bliznanski, Sefo Dartsi, A small number managed to save themselves- When and also to take revenge without the murderer, The rescued joined Anne D. Partisans and two weeks after the massacre Is a group in a dark night entered Derechin and killed the whole gar- Nison, taken up arms, burned down the houses, In which sizes were stationed the Police and back in the woods. The Bloody Ten-Bab / Cirl Kamenietzky-Friedman With a pain in my heart, I approach Describe the horrible period in which My town Derechin, the toys: relative City of generations, was destroyed and Lost everything she possessed. Fear and dread have dominated the present- Shine Jews in 1941, when the German air- Lanes have bombed the town. This Heart said it was getting closer Terrible times, especially for us Jews And the fear was not in vain - We could not even present ourselves And perceive how sad and cruel it will be Be our situation, Who among us does not remember Friday, When the Germans entered Derechin !! Who does not remember the scenes at the church, When the town was on fire, the people Have been HFKR and have already seen this Tit for the eyes !! A miracle is then business She survived - a life of Torture and death-fear. With a short it later did Began the series of decrees, each time a new one Decree - yellow lattes, united Jews Old man on the market, hungry and dead- Scared driven to the work below Hit of nahikes. Not once has a shot Of a bullet thought to be an out- Solution of this shameful, horrible life. From time to time sounds used to circulate, That the Germans shoot out the Jews in neighboring Cities and towns, kill innocent people People only because they are Jews. The Guruse Pit The good times have come, which Those were the real days of that year Terrible. On the first day of Sukkot, the Work-able Jews driven into a whole Another direction. People have a whole day Explained and imagined this Worst and worst. It reigned A panic in town, especially after Parents, brothers and sisters have free Waited on the return of their nante in The appointed hour after the daily Forced labor - they are not returned Come to the time. Only later did they suck Came, fainted and broken, with a Sadder Nice: Under the bump of nails They worked hard and dug a Huge pit ... They wanted to dispel the suspicion and Imagined all sorts of purposes to which the pit Is necessary the Germans but the pit is Kept coming to everyone in mind. Jews are Wandered about like shadows, faint. Bleach and Scared. Already much better been the does Before such a life. But as to spite is Book Thirty In those days the standard does not People, as it were derived from heaven um- Rise of the murderous hands. Between the ghettoivent In the meantime, Derechin is on the The ghetto was razed. The crush, Dirt and hunger were dangerous. There were also murderous acts on the part of The cops. One of the first victims In those days it was Moshe Kastilansky ("Moses the Cossack"). He entered to a Christ still a little potato. A policeman Saw this and clung to that in His house here is typhoid-sick and needy Therefore shoot at him, that he may not hurt anyone Infect with typhus. Speaking and doing - The innocent Jew was abducted On cemetery and him there shot. Of The whole family is nobody after all Survived. Jews had already seen and felt then, how Terribly sad is their situation. Imminent As the end draws near, everyone has one Came to mind, Like a thunderbolt, everyone hit the Bitter news that the Slonimer ghetto is going down Out in flames. Talk about it for a long time People did not have to, young and old have pre- It stands to reason that thousands of Jews are coming Um in the flames and be choked in Their secrets on Kiddush Hashem. It is Impossible to describe the experiences Of the Derechine Jews in those days, The Bloody Ten Bab The sad hour ended, too For the Derechiner Jews. The survivors Derechins will never forget that Nine Bab and the Ten Bab of that one Tragic summer. I think those days are over Was even more horrific than the Holocaust of the First Temple. Pious Jews have fasted, prayed for Himself a redemption and a defeat for the Germans, 289 But it turned out the other way around. In Hearts every one felt that the Air is filled with pulver. There are Pass Ozuifil Germans and policemen and Jews Have understood. That something is ready Horrible. My dear father, Rev. Zelik Friedman, is Came from school after nine-bab prayer and Still a whole day fasting but we are Everyone was so broken that it happened Mouth not opened for eating. I said My fathers:, Tatinke, the fate of the Derechiner Jews. Was signed ". Said my Father answered: The salvation of God is everlasting, But salvation has not come Seventy-six years old was then My dad, but he looked like a Man of 50 years and not even did He was beaten to death and driven away To the work. At nine o'clock in the morning, when it's still It was dark, police were around * Ringel the ghetto. They were dressed In black and messing with everyone One: "Give me a watch, I will give it to you." Let life "and after such bloody jokes. My husband and I and three small children- Lech have been found ba leibe zuber in House, outside the ghetto. Along with us is Was the Stukalski family. Hear Israel! My people were taken out of our house Dear mother, she was beaten to death And she cried, "Hear, O Israel!" Stukalsky reprimanded the policeman The words: Why are you hitting me? I I was proud of you after all! * Peshe Feldman, Khaya and Tzvi Dvoretsky With their two children were from The first victims. With us were Cherna Stukalski, Lazer and Iza Stukalsky with their wives And children and Avigdor Ratner. 290 Guided by a GS We were saved al fi ns. We Were trapped in a basement below The kitchen. When everyone had been shot Did one policeman ask this question Second, whether he was looking good at all House. The latter replied that he was In basement and on attic. And we are Sitting huddled together in basement. A couple of hours later were my little ones Children wanted to eat. Without choice hob I had to climb on all fours, let me Not noticed through window, in order to find What's it for the kids to do In the basement we were sitting from Friday morning until Saturday night. Come ono These two days have been eternity and I will never have those two horrible days Forgot. Saturday to night came to us kind Dear sister, she was sure That we were all shot, because With small children it is really impossible Seemed to be holding out. She cried Sepo Darzain And cried, and our answer of the Depths of basement made her virtually too weak Brought. My sister and her husband have Away the big fuck with things, which The Germans prepared for themselves. We have also met my dear fathers, But he cried out to us: Children, Runs! Save yourself! I will with you Do not go. I lived with you Moms 54 years together, we both must too Now be together ... *. Sunday was my dad and his two Sister shot. My dad is crazy Come with a subtle death. I told him Called digging himself a pit. Of fright have If his hands were not obeyed, he was taken Murderously beaten, until it's him Brain appeared. He was buried in the school The courtyard, near the wooden beit midrash, or he Has spent his life, To this day I still remember his blessings For our departure into the woods and the Tears with which he blessed us. Accompanied by his blessings and tears are We drove through the fields into the woods. Memoirs of a refugee. Krimolovsky I knew the town of Darchin under the circumstances of Trai Quite a bit, I got there when I was already a refugee (In Genesis? In the language of the locals) Over a year And a half. I left the capital Warsaw in 1939 I passed the Russian side, to a town called Zermby Kush Ceylena. I suffered persecution and torture beyond the control of Words to describe. I was burning Zermby with my wife And my wife's parents for over a year and a half until I received Russian passport with the, paragraph no. 11 "Known - This paragraph in the passport states that as a refugee is prohibited We live near the German border. We held on again On the walking stick and we passed at least 100 km, up We reached the living rooms and from there to Darchen. In Darchin we lodged in the lord's abandoned hut Boltz, on Switska Street. It was hard to call a cabin This is called a dwelling-house, according to which it was nothing but a ruin Neglected. Many were the refugees who found refuge - At least that's what they thought --- in Darchin. Employment constituted A serious problem, especially for us, our fate was cruel For us and our financial situation was very bad. Over time We sold and exchanged each time for a different outfit or object Valuable for a little flour or potatoes, Today. After years, I will gratefully mention her help The kindness of the late Noznicki family, routine In my neighborhood, and especially the help of my grandmother, Rebecca The late Weissenberg, who supported us in a time of crisis. Book Thirty This is how we lived in Darchin under Soviet rule, and all We were longing for the end of the war. We had fun In the hope that the United States will not remain indifferent To the horrors of the Nazi regime - but hopes were dashed Soon in front of the rock of cruel reality. The Germans defended themselves again in 1941, when they began in Mel- Their overt rage in the Russians. Needless to say - Especially since others probably did too - The "welcome" given to us by the Germans in Enter Darsin, I will mention only, that, "the palace of the straw" in it I lived on fire as soon as the shot was heard The first. Once again we were left homeless, objects We did not have to pack again, so we turned to face The synagogue, which served as the main place of refuge for all From the homeless. Rumors circulated in the town that the Germans intended To establish a ghetto in Darzin, everyone tried to find For himself a refuge and hiding place from the Germans. Us Received under his auspices the late Rabbi Bektsuk, who introduced His home has 4 more refugee families, in addition to His family. This is how the days went by, when hearts were vibrating and aching At the horrors of other cities and towns; Every day new decrees, murders, mass killings ... I remember, we arranged a guard at night, every night was One of us volunteers and sits by the window, watching And observes whether evil will open. We knew he would come too It was our turn to die, but there was nothing we could do, Each one arranged for himself a secret place for the emergency, Surely many have already told about the pit we dug ourselves Our hands. Some arranged a hiding place for themselves in the basement In the rabbi's house when the opening to it was at the bottom of Closet. I found an awning on the porch of the rabbi's apartment And I installed a place for myself there. The rabbi hid in the same roof The late holy books and his manuscripts on the Torah. I remember that several times the rabbi embraced Kaltsuk Zil, put his hand around my neck and said the verse: "He protested the memory of Amalek," and asked me to answer ; Amen "after him. More than once the rabbi honored me with a little tobacco To a cigarette, in order to encourage the mind. To forget and forget the horrible reality In which we lived, there were the late Rabbi, a student from the Mir Yeshiva The well-known and genius in the Torah named the late Zuckerman Mouse- Trolanka, and the in-laws of the late R. Ephraim Hoffman, also 291 A genius in the Torah - sitting and arguing over pepperoni Torah and Gemara. But it was impossible to ignore the Was done, when people were murdered and destroyed every day Whole communities. Again we tried to console ourselves with help Political calculations. We were arguing about The policy of the Russians - I remember, because my father-in-law The late blamed the Russians and claimed they were similar in all To the Germans; I should note that it was during the gift period " Plates to Siberia, which agitated the whole crowd The Jews; While the late rabbi vehemently opposed him and claimed - which later turns out to be right - because good The Russians from the Germans ten times over. While we are arguing about politics and man- Sim live every moment of the day with clear knowledge, Because the day will come when we can no longer argue And chattering, the alarm sounded. Just the next day Tisha B'Av, at dawn .. they are coming !. An urgent run began towards the hideouts and places Hide. My neighbor claimed that he would not be taken for slaughter, And holding a knife in his pocket, I went up to the roof above To the balcony, from there I could see and not be seen, And indeed I saw and before my eyes what they called the name The threat, the slaughter. "It is difficult to describe in words the The events of the Germans' entry into the ghetto. But The look is still alive in my eyes .. men, women and children Finds from the hiding places with shouts and curses, Urgency and beatings. Refusers and those who tried to fight The Germans were shot on the spot. - The same thing happened to my neighbor Who swore that he would not be slaughtered, and to the late Mrs. Dubincic, Who tried to fight for her life, but in vain. They were shot In the attic .. ..I sat in the hiding place with my whole body shaking like a leaf Volatile. Germans from all over the world Boycott of prey I was afraid to breathe lest I be discovered. Moments Seemed to me like an eternity ... but the approaching voices of The Germans, accompanied by the local police and the Lithuanian The fleets, "who were all drunk, reminded me every second Because summer is near. I will never know where I stood, and two more One wild people who joined me, the strength and power The psychic to offer our discoverers a deal that saved us from death. The greedy cops gave us our souls loot For the money we had. In the evening, after they had finished their work, they shouted 292 The Germans towards the houses:; All who remained in the Come on out! No more killing! "We followed in anxiety Another person who came out of one of the corners and was taken immediately, All his attempts to fight did not help, he forked his mouth Cries out, "Hear, O Israel," and his blood is added to the pool of blood The giant in the yard. Hard to describe, especially since years have passed Many since the day of the slaughter, the details of the horrific appearance That our eyes saw it. We sat hunched over, anxious and trembling In the attic. With no way out - we had nothing To lose - when a single valuable thing that was We had the gold watch with a necklace I received From the grandmother. We tried again to dazzle the cops' hearts With the help of gold, and from heaven helped us. I left From the hiding place I raised my voice shouting: "Gentlemen"! - The policemen, who were on guard duty, immediately called me Sepo Darzain With most of them armed, I raised my hand and approached To them, I offered them the watch and necklace at The pit of my life and the lives of my friends who remained in the roof. After a quarrel And a dispute between them over the distribution of the spoils, agreed to chess- We grumbled, at first we did not believe that we were indeed saved. Difficult Was to grasp the meaning then, especially since That the mind was not very clear after such a day. We realized that the only opening for rescue was the forest. My friends who survived with me did not want to risk entering To the forests and they decided to return to the Germans, hopefully For they will again be able to be saved. I do not know why And why, but I decided that it would be better to flee to the forests, and indeed Yes I did. In the woods I met some of my men Darzain, who, like me, managed to escape from " Wheat, The fate of my family / Chaya Levi-Glicksfeld I want to tell about bitter fate of Our Great Family, by Solomon Rudensteigs Family with sons and daughters - in - law And grandchildren. The trouble started in 1939, With the outbreak of World War II. When the Soviets occupied Belarus, Have they ever nationalized and come to us People ever confiscated and confiscated the mill. So we were left without a piece of bread. Each of us is off working on Positions. My husband, Jacob Glickfeld, has passed away Did the Soviets get an acquiescence? In mill. Rebekah's husband, Simcha Handlish, became a Teacher in the village of Ugrin. Itkes man, Hirschl Gurevich, worked as a ladder of a Plywood factory for Stochin. Elijah-Haim, my Brother, is off working in the mechanical Workshops in Baranovichi, as an engineer. The younger brother, Joseph-Samuel, had Worked as a broker in Lessovkhozi. So. Were we all provided with livelihood .., It did not last long, and the mill is She was burned. Were guilty The Great, Specialist, Middle Director Brush, which they have definitely conducted With the mill. Understand that the guilt Have them thrown on my husband. M'hat Him arrested, and before we could Pointing out our innocence, he was brought in. Thrown in a basement in the same and the lite Of N.C.G.B. Used to wake him up every night and Call it writing, Kak Eto Biloi, it means: How he ignited the mill. We are already afraid of such a bundle of troubles Had to stay in Derechin and be Away no Volkovisk. There we have it Worked at positions in Voientergo? Oh- FN ROSER AERODROM ALS, "KLADOVSCHIKES" And the children remained in Derechin. Of course we have no honey too In Valkovisk not leaked. And so have We were exhausted until the outbreak of the German-Soviet War in June 1941. Sepo Darzain When the dark Germans entered no Derechin, is my husband with the inger Daughter Olie was in Valkavisk. There Somewhere in a basement she had experienced the Bombardier, when people are around her Fell. I with the eldest daughter, Minie, were in Derechin. It was not easy to get into those Days of Valkovysk no Derechin. The ways Were full of German army, which Moved to the front, to the east. Eden Were afraid to cross the threshold And let themselves in on the way in. My daughter Elie, 12 years old, did not Wanted to wait until the roads closed. Rinkan and she let one go by herself Home, no derechin. This parent has her Nothing told, because he wanted her like that Step not allowed to make, On the way, the Germans detained her Asked if she was Jewish. She answered Fourth that she is a Christine. When the husband did Notice that the little daughter is gone, is He ran to look for her. And the Germans have him Caught on the road and already treated without A Be to shoot. A miracle then happened, which the The whole echelon hastened, from behind- Satan, Abbas, has been shouted at This road not stopped - and only thanks That day my husband was saved. Arriving at Derechin he is a half Hours after the daughter, A death-frightened After such an experience with the Germans. In those days my brother Elijah lived Determined to return home to Derechin. On the way, he was stopped by the Germans Searched and found a German book Of higher mathematics. Saw that he is An engineer, they had him right on the spot Shot: He was the first victim of ours Family. When the Germans entered Derechin, They soon formed a Jewish council. " 293 Members were out every minute- Placed on death-danger. M. of Judea- Council constantly demanded gold and silver and Food and jewelry - every time Another decree. All Jews have lived in fear Day and night. Our street, the German, was outside Ghetto and lived in it, the useful- Leche? Jews - shoemakers, tailors, mechanics, Bakers, blacksmiths, doctors, etc. In our House have inhabited around 90 person. M is Slept on the attic, in barn and In basement. He was thought to be living there In our street is assured of death ... Every morning the people were driven away On work in the workshops and dig Grave in the welder. That he used to live At night the people see back from the AR- Bed, people were happy to be many Deported to work in camps. One camp was between Slonim and Kazluishchine. Was sent there My younger brother, Joseph-Samuel. He did Already back from there himself not returned. She They begged him there, By all means, they perished People, they tormented, starved and Killed. Earn them on bread Could not. Swap something ba There is no Christ on a loaf of bread Tortured - threatened with death - Penalty. At the market, a Jew did not Show up. My little daughter Elie used to Dress for a Christian and under the Sheets bring something to it People used to look at the fence all night. Ter, do not come without the essies lite order Cool us all at the grave. People were afraid to flee the town, Because the Germans have taken into account Maybe someone was missing out, they would Germans killed the whole family. DERI- Bear is people really did not run. Come to our house we have prepared 294 A secret, a "schron", in the case of an Action. The floor was laid for us On masonry stilts, it was issued- Took A for boards, dug the ground from Under the floor and at night it comes out- Kicked and kicked lem mill. Middle build My "sister-in-law" took up this Rebecca, the brother-in-law Simcha, Sania Manny- Cow, who found himself coming to us together With her mother and child, and also I have Helped. My husband is then off to Vol- Kavisk see if one can do better there Hide. It is said that in the Cities located within the borders of Third, the Jews are not killed. Are Jews from various cities and towns ran No Volkovysk and Bialystok escape Of death, The man sent me a guide, What was going on with the children? Manage the border, which was in the same. In the night when I had to cross The border was a wedding of a policeman On Alexander Hutor, past which The road did not lead to the same. Am I. Remained in Derechin. Dawn have the Germans with their blood Tike servants surrounded the ghetto. We Are down in "Sakran". We were tennis: me and my two Daughters and with my moms, sonia with il Mother and child, Itche Shelovsky with his Wife and 4 children, Leah the Columnist With her 3 children, the reamer with his Family and many others who can Do not mention yourself. My sister Rebecca with Her husband and two children, Ziame and Israel- Meir hid in a second shed Under the barn came us into the yard. Thursday was nine bab, and the Slaughter began Friday, 10 days ago In ab, soon from inderfri. The Germans arrived with cargo. Cars in which they have thrown all- Book Thirty People without exception, whom they had happened to and Found out. He was abducted Bliznyanski's fields, shot and thrown In the 7 prepared graves. From our "schron" we saw, as The people of our second are thrown up House on the cars. The screams were Terrible. So we sat down until the Sabbath. Min Daughter Elie and Leah's daughter got married Saturday overturned as Christine and appeared See what's going on in town. No people In the streets one did not see and only At the pharmacy they met a group of Jews. The militia has several times approached A Our schron and tried to outwit us From there. They have illuminated with electric Lamps and one of the militia, a popular- German, who had been a miller before Us and after Ba Shelubsky, added- Says the Shelubskis that he will let them live, If they want to get out of trouble. Did she Really wanted out, but my kids Have begun to cry and shout that the she- Lubskis will save themselves and we will People shot. We asked them to stay With us. So we rested until Sunday Friday, No more gunfire, We are out of stock. Came the counselors At home we met a lot of Idf Which the Germans pulled out of The secrets and they introduced to council- Nutrition, promising that those who remain will be Already no longer kill. We did not believe in the Germans Promises and let himself with the fields to Forest. We were captured by the Belarusians Policemen and carried back to rescuers House. We gave them money, but this Has also not helped. This money they have Increased and us have brought them to the Other surviving Jews. We did not stay long there Book Thirty Let himself go on to the forest. Of fright Said my older daughter could not move With the legs, and so we were up- Talk to the Shelubskis themselves to meet Ba The "procedures" and did not want to lose One of the others, is the other daughter Off to the stairwell request they wait on Us. We could not get there anymore And my daughter Olie has been up to us Not returned. I'm away in the woods With my moms and older daughter. I spent a whole day searching for my daughter. Turret, but could not find her. Later I was told they had her pre- Kills with shovel. It took us a long time to get there Forest. My mother, then 66 years old, did Touched with torments and often af- Placed. We helped her a lot Knew and waited on her until she 295 Used to catch my breath back. My sister-in-law Ter and brother-in-law carried on the fly- Tess their children. This is the way we have it Could not and we were so dragged In the darkness. We were afraid Stopping, knowing the Belarusian peasants Have many Jews delivered into their hands Of the Germans. Also in forest we were dragged from One place to another, ran from the Germans Oblasts. In the aftermath of the pre- Tisanian punitive action against the Deret. Shine assassins fell from the Germans Coal my mother, -my sister, brother-in-law and Their little children. I'm away with my daughter in a "Beauvais Atriad", and with the camp- Group went through all the difficulties on Which were exposed as Jewish Partisans in the Byelorussian forests. During the Slaughter Days / Katie Bialastatsky-Klevnik Tisha B'Av, July 23, 1942. The nine bab goes through in ghetto calm. Surprisingly, the German killers did Somehow this day kept calm ui in the Past days, But in the air there is a pre- Thinks, without saying. No one wants to be a prophet And know what awaits us and who will Bring us the next day. On The heart is pounding, the brain is pounding. Asks for heaviness and a bad feeling Exterminate indoors without stopping. Between the suns. The sun goes down Horizon. It becomes dark and the darkness Steals into the soul. We go out on the pile catching a One word with another, perhaps a consolation, Maybe something a news ... wants to know what A second is self-sharing. Suddenly one sees in the darkness two Silhouettes far-off, sliding out of Shtetl and let themselves be en route to any colony. There goes by a side road on same. And same is the frontier to the third realm. There are no graves - told People ... I've hoped to be safe there Death. The silhouettes leave over a black shadow On the soul. Maybe they know something and Escape! A slaughter? - A cold shiver Go through all limbs. That night, from 23rd to 24th July, is Virtually no one in the ghetto slept. The ghetto occupies this area of ​​whole Schoolyard, the neighborhood of tailoring houses- Midrash, the a. C. Achitim-Shul ", until the Commode. The area is surrounded with Barbed wire. The entrance to the ghetto Is through the courtyard between Slutsky's wall (OU) 296 The gemstones were inhabited) and Bebe Rabinovich's wall. Our house in the First in the ghetto, our steps are A few steps from the ghetto gate. Even before it begins without days we see, As the ghetto is surrounded by Hundreds of police officers, who mo- Belized from slonim. It becomes clear to us what It's done. Must hide. Our shelter has prepared mine Father zl in this way: right of ours The kitchen was a sukkah, a room with a Wing-roof. From the Tabernacle has led an Ascent to the attic, with a ladder. This Window from the Tabernacle is out to Bebe Rabinovich on the court. Since I remember The window was never closed. Leaves, only glued with plywood. This up- Walking on the attic, my father liquidated And he carried the ladder Courtyard, where there was a passage to beg. Under the roof of our house he has Made a tirl, by which one could Ascend on attic. The door that has Led from kitchen in the sukkah said the Father presented with kitchen-buffet, which has Completely masked the door. The ultra- Bu wall of buffet, quite downstairs, he said So arranged that she used to provoke- Zorish raise and lower by A Tse With a string. Through this front door into the on- Third closet I introduced the Residents of our house in Sukkah entered. I myself have entered the latter. D Last minute for this I have broad Opened the street-door, so that the murderers might I mean, I broke out of the house. Then I also prepared some loaves Freshly-baked bread I still wanted to insure myself And know what it's all about, because it's There was death-silence around the ghetto. Am I in- Ran into bedroom, jumped to Sepo Darzain Windows, from which one could see well Eve Itches home. There was attracted The wire-fence of ghetto, A trembling went through all the limbs of me, The police were ready to go Employed guns I have yet to appear to See how people who lived in The study halls have started to run there and Here, just as confused, dead blushes with Raised eyes. And the cops put Without on them their guns, laugh cynical and Mocking. Instinctively I tore myself away Window and am a shaken and Shaken into "Sakron". Close the doors of the cupboard, Put a shelf and put it on Her several pots, closed the provisional Cover, removed the strings to himself, Do not let them notice, and close the door From the Tabernacle. So we sat all dead-still and Wait ... maybe a miracle will happen from heaven. We were there 12 people: my Father, Moshe Gelman, Hasya Gelman, Sheflian And his son Sasha, Zina Bliznyansky, a suval- Care fellow with his wife, Herschel Zarnik With his wife Peshe and brother Samuel, and I. Around 6 early the bloody started Game. The first bullet hit Max Sheplian, who also lived there Us. He did not enter secret, he Wanted to get out of the ghetto. From all sides came to us Heartbreaking screams and howls. They have Literally cut to the heart, filled this Brain, paralyzes the limbs. We sat As in chopped wounds. Outdoor noise The engines of the trucks that drive People to the slaughter. There are loud shots, Rattles, and from time to time one hears A loud but broken cry: "Listen." Israel and * Book Thirty And, behold, they came to our house. On attic. Seeks, throws, breaks, Sting with spears, sand pours over Our heads tremble, all limbs tremble as in Fever, forcibly holding the teeth " Seeds, they should not knock tooth without tooth, m'holds One the breath, m 'sits strained and Dressed. The nerve, filled with fear that ot Let's burst into us. The air In hiding, it gets heavier by the minute To minute, it chokes in throat, impossible To breathe continuously through the nose - But No one dares to draw air with an open mind Mouth. Every high of mouth could betray us - It's better to be choked already .. Come to our house becomes quiet, they go Away. But here they come again, probably Other bloodthirsty bipedal animals. Nab- Once lifted without the searches, again begins Without the heart beating like with hammers. We Hear how it goes to the kitchen buffet opens Spread the bullets, two gunshots A push appeared the provisional deck of Buffet, the door of Sukkah opens - And four police eyes look in Us - - == Came the end, takes us to the gri- Bear - give each one of us a thought Over. Now, many years since that shock- Last moment, as I write these lines, I personally do not believe that it could have A miracle happened. Now I admire my boldness. In that most tragic moment of my life I gave myself a thin account of who I'm driving. I agreed Bearing in mind that when a person drinks, He caught himself without a straw. Like a cat, I ran out of it quickly Concealment. In front of us stood two Police-light, no local. I have her Taken for granted and embraced Applied in Polish: ,, Panowie, zlituitie 297 I have no more words to say Eat out. They both stand, silent and looking On me. I do not lose myself, hold on Entered back through the closet in scrutiny Sheflian gives me a clock, I'm taking along My few valuable things, the Suwalkers Give me a finger. I run out back To them - both still stand on the Places as before. I give them the things, which Have then in our eyes no value It had. "Tilko?" - One asks -; Only this? How many people are there 1 ". I answer him: "Twelve". I run in In the bedroom, there I had pre- Hide several hundred rubles, the mothers A golden chain and a watch. But I Have not found anything yet. The whole house Looked like another earthquake. I turn to the two policemen; When sweat calms, you will shine The second responds to me: "You are lucky to have met us" - And right now they're both giving me a push Enter the closet and close the door after me Animal. A flash of hope is through my mind- May. I moved the shelf again, Raised the pot. Fix the fro- Visor deck and closed the door. OT I sit again among those to: death-over- Frightened. They did not know what to do with it I happened to be, and am now employed I was very shocked and overwhelmed. Wonderful glances. "What, Katie?" He asks The sweltering fellow. Me is the language Was taken away, it was hard for me to Holding my head on my shoulders. What they went through and went through- Think in those minutes, until I'm to her Back in hiding, I was having a hard time To say. Meanwhile,. So we all ge- Thought, we have exhausted the safe Death. Currently ... The night on Saturday was quiet. Saturday 298 Very early in the morning everything started to happen again Through the plywood of sealed windows The screams came to us again And the mourning of the Jews, which had Lived outside the ghetto, around Bod-alley And wheel-stores. Points out that mid-ghetto The killers have finished, now- Ter they took to the "useful", Life-marked Jews. This whole Sabbath Day was shot, and we did again Experienced a long day of fine and pain. We decided to escape at night. As It just happened that evening I had Opened a box, removed some pieces- Laundry for the people inside A small bag for pieces of cloth, which Can come everywhere at night, prepared a little Laundry for parents and ready to go On the way, I joined my father and He said, "Daddy, come, we will flee." My free moves out of place. / Go - He says - flee, save yourself, if It will be possible. Me is already ever one. Either here, or on the way, I will follow Fallen ... ", A shiver enveloped me. I have Trying to reconcile with parent, But he stubbornly said, "I will." Stay ... ". That's how I survived the day of the massacre / Sarah For days now, rumors have been circulating that the day of the massacre Imminent. Word of mouth is removed, that in the towns The nearby ones had already executed all the Jews, And yet no one imagines that anything Such a threat could happen. Expect a miracle, explain And try to convince, first of all themselves, that no It is possible that the Germans will massacre people Innocent, willing to work any hard job And under all conditions, Sepo Darzain I said goodbye to my father Forever. Our guide was Herschel, he Knew well all about. Villages and Houtores. On the way we met With the Petrukhoviches. He, Petrukhovich, Was a good guide and knew Give advice in various cases So we saved ourselves from that Slaughter. It started our forest- Life, full of travels and tragedies. Of All those who escaped from our hiding place Only ten survived - Herschel and I, About bitter fate of my father told me Told Isr Lev. Sunday, the 26th of July, Is my father out of hiding with A spoonful of bread under your arm. So is he Walked calmly and sadly in the rib- Tongue of Yehuda Wolfovich's home. Against him arrived the local Policeman Albin, who was a miller in Shelovsky's Mill. Oohin Geistu 'Bialas- Tatsky? "He asks my father sternly. And the father answered and said unto him, I go The eyes carry me. I bring bread The hungry ... ". My father fell from Albin's more- Low bullet, And Keller-Agolnik But the terrible day has come. To this day the tears rise To me, remembering many years after the bitter day And that hasty, the day after the fast of Tisha B'Av. At dawn we were extreme from the rumble of gunfire Sounded near our house. We then lived in a barracks Where the post office once was. Were with us In the same Chinese family home. Beckenstein. Moshe Kuyat and other Jews from a town near Darzin. At 6 o'clock a battle to our house auto-freight. The Germans Book Thirty And their Belorussian assistants began to hasten us in- Strawberries their guns and put on the car. It is impossible to describe I felt it the moment the leading machine moved Us to the cruel death. At one point they jumped out of the motel car at Kenstein, Volvo Coyote followed by Moshe Coyate. After Days, in Yael, I learned that the first two Killed by gunmen guarding the cars. I turned my gaze and looked one last time at my face My dear parents, brother and sister and I jumped out of the machine Immediately after Moshe Kuyat. Maybe I did not think I would be a nobleman My life, but all I wanted was to prevent myself from The dreadful horror of a massacre. Meter of shots Opened following me. One moment I was sure that Nep- I touched my back, but it was just a slight wound to the shoulder. My late father did not even think of fleeing from the Germans And death. He was sure that everything was lost. The Germans Reached the gates of Moscow, all the Jews will be slaughtered, and on Yes one has to go with the whole community and share their fate Of all our people. I ran as long as my strength was in me, sure it would hit In me the ball will be given. I arrived at Antono's yard. The gentile beach and I crawled into a dog kennel, which stood In the yard. To this day, two shouts resonate in my ears. 0 At | 2 Etat Sheguaugs ai 299 Shaw out of the truck pulling away, carrying you All my dear ones to death, Then there was silence all around. I did not deliver Get used to my situation and the thought of my success, and here it is I see the landlady, the gentile, running straight To me, to the kennel. When she saw me, the Jew, I hurried to call the policeman and showed him the place. " Come on. The policeman lifted the wings of his coat and showed it to her The spoils he brought from the houses of the Jews, and the gentile Tried him to her house. The two were sure, that I was In the meantime I will not be able to escape from them, I escaped from the kennel and hid among thorns And weeds in Torowitz's field. I lay there until I saw the owner of the field reaping in the wall- I cut the thorns. To this day I can not believe, How I was saved, why the woman did not watch over me The sickle in her hands. Suddenly shots were heard from the direction of the abattoir The nearest, where Jews hid and were captured by Hagar- Dishes. And again there was silence all around, light rain began Dripping - and I lay motionless. I stayed In the field of thorns until midnight. The rain stopped, a bright moon Came out of the clouds. I started crawling on all fours, Until I got to a wheat field. The wheat was high, I could progress in it even at my full height. ? פנעטצפתת זאאספחמע Zighshw Ghetto passport of Sarah Lev (Dushke Darliner's daughter) 300 To my right is the road and on its side --- a tree-lined avenue, Behind these trees the pits were dug, in which There is now a world of hundreds of Jews in my town, Among them are my family members. I continued on my way towards the nearby village. I was shaking The source and sights of the horrors that passed before my eyes. Arrive- I went to the yard of a farmer who knew my parents. A running dog From the yard and attacked me with barks, I advanced to the nail polish " See Latilat, until the dog is silent. I arrived To the door, I knocked on it - no one answered. Tired and broken I fell on the doorstep. The dog lay under him next to me, he Was the first and only one to befriend me that night- Horrors, Sepo Darzain When dawn broke I went away and went to the village Mikhovsk. There I hid all Saturday In the farm of a farmer. On Sunday the farmer led me To the forest and showed me the path I would reach The partisan group. On the way I met a group of people and approached them It became clear to me that it was the survivors who had had enough Escape from the abattoir. I entered the forest. It did not occur to me then. Shashar In life. Came days later, in which we were sure, That perhaps it is better for them for our dead than for us, for the fasting And to the persecuted in the thickets of the warrior forest. But our lives were given To us then for revenge. And we took revenge. Left Alone / Abraham-Isaac Medvetsky I'm one alone survived by My whole family in Derechin. My wife Was dobe, from to house Chernitsky, Beile-Hanna's daughter. I hid At a table in our house that had before Heard from Elie Wilenchik of Rad Kro- "In the day of the terrible slaughter, My wife and children died. Lies really on me, as on all gear- Tevete and surviving Derechiner, The duty to remember Derechin, hers Beloved Jews, her youth, her religion And social life, for them all to Put a tombstone, Little was our derechin, however Full of Torah, with diligence and life- Thicker youth. They also have a livelihood. Chinese Jews continued to work hard And mi. Now we all know very well, That Derechin appeared in the Jewish world, Thus does one take revenge on a murderous enemy, Who carried out the slaughter in cold blood From our brothers and sisters, parents And children, in our town and in Hundreds of cities and towns of Jews Settlement in Poland and other countries in Europe. Derechin was surrounded Through numerous forests, in the depths of Which our youth have led a Bloody battle against German enemy, a war Similar to the one we have in ours Ancient history led by Matityahu and his Son I want it that way, too, with love Reverence, calculate the tens of thousands. One of Derechiner's fine believers - Jewish scholars, full of knowledge and wisdom. Non- Piety, goodness, and kindness. . And it wants to calculate a Whole row of idems, coming from the foreign No derechin, which have grown In Derechiner community and added him Secular and Jewish beauty. Swells up Also tell about the hundreds of sons and Daughters of Derechin, teenagers with i- Deal and with faith, of whatever size Grown in the surrounding forests the Stronger partisan force, Every one of the Derechiner Jews Has had his course in life, is known Sepo Darzain Were with his properties and with his Expressive and verbal Unfortunately, this is not an easy task Calculate everyone, and do not do it Dismiss the honor of the chance-for- We will not remember any names The names that are strongly engraved in Our Memory - Homeowners, Aidems, Jun- Led; Scholars, rabbis, holy vessels,. Community Businessmen, intellectuals, craftsmen, businessmen Fats-Lite, Mill-Owner and Grain-Hand- Teacher, teachers, all together a Lovely Jewish community that is cut off Became of whom they were saved The end of {zalinke / mine When the accursed Germans entered No halinke, have they soon the first Day gathered all Jews in church And at once every one of them was shot, Who tried to resist. Very much Victims fell that first day Of the German occupation. When it was collected in the Whole area the ghettos for Jews, are The leftist Jews were sent to Derechiner ghetto and here came very End. They lie in Big Brother-tomb. The bitter end of my family in Also came quite fast. When one has Know that in the morning they will lead the Jews to the slaughter, have themselves many Jews Hidden in prepared bunkers. Maine Mo- Ter, love, my sister Freidl, the Brother-in-law Jonathan and his three children - Michele, Yasele and Esther-Michal - are With yet another down in bunker. My Sister Leah remained upstairs, in the Apartment, because she had on her hands a Little child and did not want to go down with him- 201 Few tithes. Among all the derechiners who are coming We remember, there were such ge- Figures that are no longer seen in ours Current generation, From year to year it becomes clearer to us All that our people have Lost in World War II, When darkness came upon us Time of Hitler's rule. Now Thus becomes the only strea- Bung of the young derechiner in those Days - the desire to take revenge without the Assassin. Librider Go to the bunker, Tamer will cry and Issue the secret of many idf In the same bunker a parent strangled His little child, when it started Cry. My sister Freidel remained Stand on the ladder that led from House to the bunker, to know what happened With Leah and with the child. Then she heard This last exclamation .. My mother, brother-in-law and the children have Next wandered no slanim, supposed that There they will be able to save themselves. My Mother handed over every bite to the children And grandchildren -? Eats, children --- she has I said, "You are young, perhaps." She is swollen. " Of hunger. When the children are once Out of hiding, they have the mother More not found. The Germans promised her Name ... My brother-in-law Jonathan heard from the Germans Divorce in Slonim. He might have known himself Save, having the partisans have him Proposed to go with them, but without the kin- 02 The. He did not want to leave the children Alone, After his death, the three children Left alone. Esther was 8 years old, Yosele - 10 and Mikhele - 12. The two Older children have decided to leave in Forest. Estherken they left Ba A Christian who lived not far from Our mill. They believed that it would You have done no wrong to the Gentiles, come Which they have left Esther, has This little girl delivered in German Hands. The Germans questioned her and Later transmitted to a Byelorussian genre- Therefore, our former neighbor, he should She was shot in the woods. The goy took With a gun and a shovel, taken away The Little Esther in the Forest and the Pondarten In a distant need to a known Christian. Before leaving the girl with Christ, He warned him that she should not Evil did not happen, because in opposition will He burned the whole village. The two brothers, Yasele and Michele Have sought out their little sister, however Not found. In the forest they fought Closer to the derechiner, but s'hat No one was found who would pay for them Concerned and they protects. But the dearest Jew Simon Lusky used to tame them from time to time Give to eat. Both brothers are in One night passed out from hunger and cold In the forest, Esther lived near the shepherd as a Christian Teen, carried a camera on neck and walked Sepo Darzain In church itself model. She has already been there He no longer wanted to know anything about Jews. She is Roof as a child walking over the bodies Of her closest, of other Jews, is she Certainly, that was the fate of all Jews Is - does, After the war, when Shimon Lusky had Yourself learned. So Esther lives in between Gentile, he came in and wanted her Take to yourself. She did not want him See, do not hear, she has done that she Do not understand any toys. Simon, the Trier Jew, did not have to be mischievous and naive He managed to get him out for a long time Estrken of the foyers hote. She is over- Given to the Sobol family. Not one Rescuers from Halinke approached them Found a warm home. But Estherke did Herself also there felt alien and she is Back fled to the Christian family. When Simon and many others of the remnant Fleet of Halinke and Derechin have themselves Decided to leave Poland, they decided For each prize, take Esterk with you. They showed you a card from me, order She should know that she still has an aunt, who Is ready for you ever to do. She is with They accompanied. After long wanderings over Europe, laugh Be in a youth movement of the remnant Fleet, Esther arrived in the country Israel. Today she lives a happy family- Live, have a good husband and two love Daughterly. Trouble, Pain and Death / Yekutiel Khmelnitsky Hitler's anti-Semitic agitation has Us hard happened long before his mer- German soldiers arrived in On- Zere regions. At the end of the thirties Strengthened, under the influence of Hitlerism, The anti-Semitism in Poland, which is Also added no derechin. The Poles Power and various Polish unions They wanted to meet the Jews first Book Thirty Their work, trade, and livelihoods. It There have been many cases of Christians Jews used to take goods and did not want to Pay for them. I can not forget this Fall, when my wife Hadassah Aliyah-peace is Came to me in bakery and with tears In the eyes we are told that a Christian Entered our shop, took three Bread and did not want to pay. He Even laughed and laughed, when mine His wife demanded money from him Bread. When he refused to give it to him Bread without money, Christ is gone Police and brought a note from policeman Dombek, that if we will not forgive With Christ, he will come and make or- Denning came to the Jews. This was not the case Come to us and business, and certainly not come Other derechiners in their shops and Workshops. Not once were standing Groups of Christian youth and not Let the peasants enter into Jewish ge- Create. Behind Shtetli in neighborhood of Fayvel Bliznyanski's grain business, are in- Stood, "shelters," and they used to catch The peasant horses-and-carts with force, no Ask even the foreman, and lead Entered into cooperative. Already at that time we felt good The Hitlerite hand at a distance, - the People have known the anti-Semitic Craft. Thus anti-Semitism made poor The Jewish masses and plundered their fr- Try. A Then came September 1939, The outbreak of World War II- What. I will not describe the fear of those Days when Derechin was literally left on A power, the flocks have worn away and The Soviets had not yet arrived, and Gru- Fes Jewish youth, along with some 503 Christians, have taken up residence in Shtetl and cause just plain trouble. It Has virtually come to a pogrom in dere- Chin. Finally the Soviets arrived "Liberator", It is true that we are all then happy- Luckily for us, the Soviets did Saved from the Germans. On a button Four years ago, they freed us from this Nazi beast. But after it has settled down The Soviet rule, we soon found ourselves Convinced that she was "freeing" us too Our livelihoods. The mills were increased Became the Derechiner Miller. No Flour for the bakery was not. What Do people? I'm off to another baker, To Shmuel Abelovich. He, with his wife Ashke, both wise men, their memory blessed, We were comforted and told that the new Make will take care of the workers. It will People cross the railway lines and when the Trains will start running, people will bring Grain in the mill entered. We, the bakers, Will only work 7 hours a day, without night- Work, and want to live happily. There are days and weeks that go by - and There was no flour. By Samuel A.H. Told me one day that he still had Such liars as the Soviets in his life Not happened. It's come to them simply no grain Gone and they want us no derechin none Bring. We gather all 12 bakers From Derechin and pass no self, to "Isfolkom", the chairman claims to us Consistently, that now our country is a country From "Svoboda", everyone is free to do And work as he pleases, he advises us out- Take patents and start baking. The rule, Mir Have taken out patents - but no flour Did not happen. That a foyer used to Already bring a little rye or flour, fleg I will pay him with money - but 504 The farmer claimed that he had money More than me, he wanted to be Flour - salt, sugar ... Where did we come from? Him could give such products, which Have long since disappeared from the market! We almost did not bake, however Less than two months have passed, And we have of, isfolcom? Received Demands to pay such large Tax before patent that we are literally Was amazed. We went again to the same place and Used for "predecessorial" Again, we are full, swod "Boda," he even allowed us sons Independent bakers and granted patents, He finally managed to create a co- Operative bakery of "Selhoz", but the We will have to pay our taxes in full. Our cooperative, the middle-class Burl Saker, started working, baked bread For the military - in addition to the urban care Stand up in; ochred? Of 8 in the evening Until dawn and only a part of them used to Received some bread. Not knowing how to The famine of many derechiner, fleg I from the side drag bread, adjusting My life in danger, and divide into pieces Amid the hungry. I tell here only of my occupation and From my experiences came the Soviet Makes. But so they led the vir- Chap in all professions and branches. Businesses Have been deleted. People are Became impoverished - so did the Soviets We are facing the same troubles as the anti- Mythical power of Poland. I want to show that I have the trouble Started even before the war. But Leads us to the tomb has the German power. A We have supposed at the beginning of the German-Soviet war that the Russians are Strong and brave and will not tolerate Sepo Darzain The Germans should penetrate so deeply Russia. But we were quickly disappointed. Two days after Hitler was attacked Russia, Tuesday night, have already entered No two German tanks left. Some falcons are out of theirs Houses, raised their hands and Shouts: "Hitler!" There are still 7 Wednesdays left There were battles between the Germans and the Relinquishing Russians, Friday has already entered No Derechin a great German descendant. When all the inhabitants were gathered- The Russian Church was forced to flee Already the Christians themselves separated from the Jews and even the closest acquaintances have Did not want to greet us and They turned their heads away from us Then a fire broke out in many Jewish houses. My wife Hadassah E.H. Hot Took to extinguishing the fire. She said: I do not know how long we will live, But even on one occasion I want to live In my own apartment. "We have the fire Locked up and have in our home off- Lived until the destruction of the Jewish command- Kerung in Derechin. So much has been said about it The horrible days and months under yoke Of the Germans and of their allies. We knew our fate was - Decline. Still in the early days had a German soldiers from the field "post" House was to the post office) We were told: It is a pity that you are Jews. Our leader Hated the Jews and his program in I wish you all the best "..- Thus are away the first months of the German occupation. There are no Germans, own- Tlech, in Derechin then not been. Ruled Have their helpers, the Belarusians. Men- Chn did not work and did not trade, Just sold their possessions and goods too Christians - for a piece of bread. None Was not sure with life, correct Book Thirty Said: every one was certainly middle Do what is right Children have not learned, not even themselves Played. No joys are in the Jews Houses not been. By the time the oceans began to come Commands from Slonim about supplying the Germans Soap, fur, gold. M. has created this And I will never forget A picture I saw from my pen. Steer: It arrived on a rainy day A car with three German officers. Taken Shoot birds in the air and shout: , Council of the Jews! Eight men of Judea! " Members of the Judenrat came to- Run and the Germans demanded of them Soon they will bring 3200 pieces of toilet Soap and 200 frosted soap - and with it Struck with the conchikes and dried with Please note that the soap will not be provided Become to the time. The Jews were running Over the houses and asked himself:; Idf Save! Give your soap! And when they have Brought the soap, did the Germans pick it up- Thanks for hitting and whipping with these Conchics. From my window I got myself Watched the Jews flee, receive blows, Fall to the ground and rise again On to escape. And the murderous Germans Hit them, shoot on right and on left - And laugh. In winter came an 8 ditch Compiled a police force of 40 Belarusians And Gebel himself ruled in Derechin. In At the top of them stood the Master ": The other was named Fritz - a murderer Of murder land: the third was A Polish, popular-German "and he is Stood brush of the police. It's hot Started a series of forced labor, With stronger control over the tariff Eden. The Jews began to be divided Useful and useless. Bread was eaten Divided by cards - literally starvation fortunes. 505 After shooting the gypsies, which they have Happened in our regions have themselves the Germans took to the Polish citizens and Many of them shot out. And meanwhile have They also took to the former soi Vetic officers and soldiers, who have Found himself in the neighboring villages. A part, Those who have submitted to the Jawke In slonim, they shot, the rest Are already away in the woods and producing these Former platoon of the partisans. Azoi The struggle of the for- Tisans against the Germans. The Germans have Try making bombs on the partisans, But without success. Once have even the Partisans prepared on the Germans and Belarusian police A zasade, dropped a Many of them. Their horses are galloping and They came back no derechin with Lowered head, In town have begun to spread Legends about the partisans and theirs Heroic performance. "The Master" went on vacation No Germany and there he is just Fell into a strong American Air raid - is he still before the end of His leave back came no derechin. And in our area have strengthened The partisan groups and they used to dress Trouble for the Germans and the police. The Germans vented their anger To the Jews. Fritz took murderous action Hit and even shoot whoever he got- Call on his way. Then came the latter Black Sabbath, when the Messiah was taken Less than all the young people who are back Came from a labor camp, after ui Partisans invaded the camp and Free the Jews there. I have all theirs Family-members, fathers, mothers, brothers and Sister, taken out of town and Shot. 506 Jews have taken flight from Derechin in Forest entered, to the partisans. The week around The ghetto has been strengthened, he said Ghetto surrounded by barbed wire. I, As a baker, I still enjoyed myself Moved, from the bakery into ghetto entered and Back. I can still bring in City entered various thing, which the Christians used to send for various people, With whom they exchanged products For home items. The situation got worse by the day Day. The police and the Germans have us Beaten without a cause and without a cause It was so bitter that we were with- Once upon a time, everyone became pious, buried when they had to Just knew and fasted every Monday and Thursday. The rabbi has constantly comforted us And encouraged, making various calculations, Whatever the war may end in A short time later. But the war did Lasted, and the slaughter came. Date ... Ar Nine "-bab we all fasted. In the Afternoon classes were held. Spreading sounds in the ghetto, no one did Knowing exactly what and when, but without hesitation Dominated everyone. The German went through Local Jews allowed rumors to spread. That there is a bubble in the party Zone ... But people were awake, too At night, no one was out. My Family with several close relatives are Remained in the bakery outside the ghetto, There were some Jews who were in that Night, with the help of Christians, crossed The Zelvianke, to save themselves in Same or Volkovisk, who heard To the third realm. It was believed that there There will be no slaughters. I would too Could get over there with my love Family, but I needed it every day Sepo Darzain Provide the Germans with a loaf of bread, and If they do not receive it in the morning, Who knows how many Jews they will pay for it- Coal. I followed my conscience and Remained in Derechin. We were all lying on the attic, with The packages by the side, ready to run in Case of danger. 9 o'clock in the evening the ladder arrived Of the bakery,. A sleazy Christ. It's Him appeared to be in Minsk during the Jews slaughtered and he settled there With hob and goodness. Now he is sure Waited for the slaughter in Derechin. We asked God to let him go, But he sat down and sat down. Goten't He, and he fears for the for- Teaser and hence he does not want to go to himself Home. First 1 night he is away. Five o'clock in the morning Shia with Rachel and took to shouting that the City is surrounded with police, which Shist in the Jewish houses Ari We are all downstairs in the basement and pre- Closes the entrance with a cupboard. I am Up on the attic, opened a driveway And saw how one drives the Jews into the Cars arriving from Slonim Strikes with the flasks to death and leads Everyone behind town to shoot them lem The Grave. Afternoon, when the cars are Gone are the Christian neighbors Out of their houses and began searching the Jews who hid from her Hand over in the hands of the police, I'm down in the basement. I with min Mrs. E.H. took the stern and stood up At the entrance, in order to break the heads of the, Who will break into basements. Meanwhile Have the police started hacking the Floor and walls with iron. One of She started screaming, "Get out of here!" And here came Bashke Lifshovitch And took us inside that she recognized Book Thirty The voice of wanking, her neighbor son, which She helped out. We have Lowered the heck. Yanek enters Basher, Bashke began to beg him Mercy:, I brought you up and out- Hey, do you want to kill us now ?! Yanek asserted that his confession had been obtained through torture. God forbid, no evil do, but he must Received by hand to divide it Among his friends outdoors. We gave him what happened In our pockets, he has this a hold Done and ran out shouting: , Out of there, ab no - I shoot Immediately! * "We have taken run by the Windows and doors. I, and after me life- Shia, Elik, Teibel and Gershon are out- Gained through a window and hid himself In a former hiner-cage, of wolves It later became a garbage can. We Did not know what was happening with the Rest. They have, it turns out, no consciousness I remained one of my whole family On the same Tisha B'Av, on the eve of the day of the slaughter, People popped up from house to house and everywhere they talked about The calamity that may come upon us every day. Calls Such panics have been dozens of times before Yes. Every time a rumor spread about a possibility Of a massacre of the Jews of Darchen, my late father would have taken Us, the children, to the house of Gentiles. Mom does not Never went with us. She would say:; You Young children, I will stay with my parents and brother, their fate Will be fateful ", After the fast of Tisha B'Av, when panic gripped The Jews, we said to each other: many times Terrifying rumors have been circulating about what might happen To us, and so far these guesses have been falsified. Let's believe, Because both night and day will pass over us quietly. The truth is, his son is also anxious, but not serious / 507 To escape from the basement and m 'had them all Killed. Around 7pm we are out of the Concealment. I went into the basement and No one was found there. I took Cry and lament over my great grief and Could not move from place to place. Elik is Approached me and took shouting:; if We have been saved, we need now Do everything in order to take revenge on the more- The! ". Of bakery we took bread, Chopping knives and crawling literally on the belly We are out over fields and mud In the direction of forest. On the way have We found hello (now the wife of Samuel Bornstein) and Iza, the sons of The Doctors. They were left alone, nob- This is how they killed their parents. We wandered for a long time, until it dawned on us Doctor Atlas helped to be accepted In a partisan platoon. Chaya Einstein-Estrovitz To believe, and therefore we did not believe. We lay down to sleep. At dawn we woke up to a rumble from Cries and cries of terror, Understand what is happening on the streets of Darchin and in its houses. I kept thinking, that if my fate is doomed to death, I better die while running, as long as I do not see In the murder of a darling. My parents and younger brother Wellwell went up to the attic My brothers Moshe-Peretz and Baruch stayed with me in the doorway The house. At a certain moment we started - me, my brother Moshe- Peretz and with us Moshe-Haim Agolnik run towards a field- Wheat. Moshe-Haim managed to escape, me and my brother The policemen grabbed and ordered us to return to our house. A policeman was standing at the entrance to the house with a rifle in his hand. It's Now he murdered Yankel the carpenter, who was lying dead Along the entrance. The policeman turned to me and said: 508 -; You are very similar to Goya, why do you need To die? * And my brother Moshe-Peretz answered him: If you really spare For her life, they are in your hands. " I will release her when the Nazis do not see '- The policeman answered him. He ordered me to take off The yellow badge. I stood still, I did not believe LED * In Rio. I thought he would shoot me when I started Go in any direction. My heart was torn within me when I saw my brother Baruch, As he tries to slip through the slot in the front door, Something that could not be done. As a persecuted animal ran Escape the killer bullets, The policeman ordered me to leave. For the last time in my life I saw my two brothers. I did not part with them, because I did not I believed for a moment that I would stay alive. I moved away to the wheat field and lay in it, Without raising my head. Until sunset. When it got dark I got up and saw the pavilion in the distance. All the household utensils were rolled outside. I realized I did not Sepo Darzain Where and to whom to return. My whole family was murdered by the Zim - Avi Shmuel-Arieh Einstein, my mother Esther To Beit Wolitsky, three brothers, Moshe-Peretz, Baruch And the youngest son, Wellwell, With the power of darkness I went to the familiar house of the Zari, with whom Dad would hide us. Just a room One was in this house, and our acquaintance's wife lived there And his multiple children. He himself was with the partisans, At night we would cook, during the day I hid in the field- Wheat near, This is how I spent some time in a lifeguard house. I decided Do not risk their lives anymore and go to the honeysuckle, Al The partisans. The woman tried to detain me, claiming that The partisans do not accept women into their ranks, But I insisted. My generous hostess She prepared me for the road, led me to the road The chief there explained to me how to get to the group The partisans, So I survived, one of my whole family, and reached the forest. My eyes saw it all / Neche Petrukhovich My son Yasl Petrukhovich was A Sitting-guy. He studied in the sla- Nimer yeshiva, but when the German entered, Is my son came back home. Having been He was in Camp Pewicz, with everyone Youths, and that the camp had been driven out, Is he remained at home. Every day used to One him, with all Jews, drive dig graves. I used to pay with flour and send A stranger in his place. Afterwards we have Themselves allowed cost money and also given Leather sole, that the sun may enter- Take in carpentry-workshop. Worked has He lives in Lubbock yard and every day He comes home with everyone, This last day, Tisha B'Av, he did Fasted, came home and brought with Itself beets and cheese. He says to me: Mom, this Saturday will be something I baked a whole cake Bread, In the morning he was killed, I myself hid him, but they Have found him. And I heard, As he asked himself the Germans, said She that he is a professional. Did they answer: OK. We need people like you. Oh He was sentenced to death. And I have This ever could endure! My daughter Gisha was in the attic, Had one she with still some and twenty People removed from there. The poly- Zion, who once worked for Shelub- Skin in Mill, she was still beaten and beaten. Tyssen, shouting: "IJ Frendzei!" And she Cried for help: "Jews Jews!" Book Thirty And the mother could handle it all- Live, listen and can not help! We are sitting in Aschron "Ba Finie This booklet. We lived in it In steel, having no other place we have Already not had. It is impossible to determine- Rubbing what we experienced in those Days! The morning after the first slaughter is My husband escaped into the woods with our 10- Yearling boy. They were lying on attic Under a sledge, everyone was taken down- Name of attic and shot they were Survived. Finally our boy is for- Lauren went into the woods. I did not know my husband was alive And he knew nothing of me. This On the first day, everyone was driven to Groove. Saturday, the second day, was celebrated ever Shot on cemetery and laid in the Grave. Sunday morning are the town people Went after water. I did it Of my concealment. Afterwards, 10 o'clock, Was shot again. He brought cigarettes with his wife And son, and A bezhenke, and dobke lip- Shoviches two sons, and Tsire Freydkes husband, And Ribbe's husband, and Menje Beckenstein Orphan. They were told to dig the grave, Did not know her, and the policeman did She struck with a rifle. Having had themselves The village gentiles began to dig. Thus one has from all places and hiding- Tensions brought the Jews and they shot. I See it all with my own eyes! I saw what he brought afterward Jankel Weinstein dressed in a fur coat, and Lovely-Riesl A brother, an American. He was stripped naked like his mother 509 Had him and the gi gerbic, of Alexitz, took things in stride. That ever I watched. Afterwards, a beehive was brought With a child on hand. She was Shot and thrown into pit. The head Mid-brain were running in the high. A Cologne woman with a child in her arms People did the same. The two pictures will I did not forget until my death. He later brought the vagrants And shot, and before you is already no place Not being in a pit, people had her body So short. And many other Jews were brought there And murdered. And the chief is ges- Tone and photographed non-stop. Then 10 men of the were brought Garbarnia. Isaiah the Left has been called Already injured, is Leibke Shulka- Witch went lem him with a bowl, das He shall not shed blood upon the ground. When they had brought them to the tomb, they said, All stripped naked and put on Shot straight into pit. Elie Goldinberg began speaking: "Who will work for you in the fur?" Approached the zonder-leader and named Let her live. Had them taken out Back of pit. I could no longer look. We were sitting hidden in ours "Sakron", this was a sukkah and her Wall is out to cemetery. By the Savages we have ever seen, me and mine Other daughter Khaya Yudovich. Sunday night we fled in Forest. We were pursued. On the way There were many dead, not buried. Shot while fleeing from hell. 5310 Book Thirty To the Whole World / Reine Rabinovich (Written during the Eichmann trial) - - - will come after our long hour, Sweat a poke do our tread - we are here! We come from Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary and Lithuania, Of towns and cities "Judenreini" after the slaughter { Of ghettos, bunkers, graves, barbed wire, From wherever we were rescued { From Ushvia, Sobibor, Treblinka and Maidanek, Where we have endured a thousand deaths { Of ice and snow, of winds, rain, burning rays, From stormy waves, from bloody springs. We're coming now as an elected judge A New Chapter Writing in World History. World, look at the death march, Listen to the cruel noise --- This is how we raised the six million dead, To thee, O, world, with fists stretched out. We come from that far, far way, Of those bloody nights and horrible days. Take off the white gloves that protect your hands They should not spray themselves with ashes and blood, God forbid. O world, you cynical, lift up your head and lie, Make on the eyes - full of fear and shame and sorrow, Look at yourself, you world, ness yourself without with courage, We're obviously streams of boiling blood, We're hot ashes from burnt out ovens, We're smoke from crematorium chimneys { Of all roads, all paths, scattered and scattered bones, All the golden teeth protruded from the mouth below. Mixed with earth and clay, with brick and with chalk, With scattered childish brain { Shattered and living shadows, With, cyclone-B "gas exhausted { By vicious dogs to death, Dogs crowned by S ''s-lite with the name "Man" We are a product --- soap, Made from our blood and meat for sale We are obsessed with human skin, Detached after life - and soon after death. Book of Thirty 51 O, world civilized, Defiled and deceived! How indifferent were you to Nazi sadism, How lightly watched the wild cataclysm! No help, no resistance and no competition. Where then was your conscience, your protest, When filled with fear and pain it has children small, Lean and square, only skin and bones, In view of the dead Begged: Give a piece of bread, a piece of bread 1 And where then was the human responsibility To save though children of Nazi-wild beasts 1 Oh, world of parents! Children just like yours, Boys and girls, sweet and adorable, Black, blonde, yellow hats, Those with short hair and those with long hair, Love and breathed bright faces, With charming groves in their pockets, Eyes like velvet, blue like the sea, Which shone with a paradise flavor. The same clothes that your children wear, And how your children played and were beaten. Has the world disturbed or harmed it? What they took others had 1 Was this such a great sin Born to be a toy child 1 But! Too late the devilish game ended, Too late awakens the human feeling, Too late he lost a zip, a tear - The world's sinless comfort no longer. Because the air is filled with coals of coal On a land that has six million devours. Brothers and sisters, as long as we live Never forget, never forgive! Vengeance will kindle your body with flames, Until you are burned by shame, Nazi mother! Holy childish souls mean: Remember forever! Demand: revenge, revenge, do not forgive, do not forgive! 312 Sepo Darzain To the world and fullness / Roina Rabinovia (Written during the Eichmann trial) This is the day we longed for him to come and go, And our parade will be even worse: we are here! From Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary and Lithuania we, From places where to the last Jews we will be examined From bunkers, from ghettos from walls that closed on us, Until the murderous Calgary rose up for our brides From Auschwitz, Treblinka, Maidanek, from all the camps In Hess we were killed day and night in a thousand deaths, - Snow and ice, smeared from the fire of hell, From the kiln, from the ax of the ax, above the gallows We came to Los - As judges we came, as the elect of the people Write a new chapter in world history. Season, look and see the March of Destruction Of a great people slaughtered, of six million. We came from mass graves, millions killed, And our fists to you, world, stretched out. We're coming a long, long way, From those days of killing and nights of distress. Take off your white caps, which we have protected By you from being contaminated with our blood and ashes. Raise your head, cynical and sober world, Open your eyes, eyes of shame, grief and fear, Look, world, Azri Oz Rak this time: We are bloodshed overflowing with rage, We - hot ashes from smoky stoves, We - Smoke Transformations from Furnace Chimneys { Across roads and our bones were scattered, Our gaping napkins the golden teeth were dislodged, We were polluted with dirt and clay, lime and brick, In the shedding brains of small babies { Shot or buried alive in long pits, Gas-poisoned, cyclone-bay and suffocated { Cleft teeth in dogs in their hunger, Dogs that live-'s aphid:, humans; We are a soap, a selected German product Made from our blood and milk for bargaining and addictive { We - lampshades made of human skin. Stripped while we were drinking blood, Book Thirty 513 Ahh, a civilized world, Cheated and distorted! How great was your indifference to the murder of the Teutons In all kinds of deaths the millions, the millions, Where was your help then, your standing at the gate To save a baby and mother, old man and boy 1 Where have you been, when our little children, Skin and bones all, puffy face, Surrounded by photographers, without father-mother, son without house, We begged: Give a piece of bread, even as small as an olive 1 And your conscience where he was in the days of the slaying, When the infants fell from the wild beast 1 Ahh, a world of fathers and mothers, just like yours There were our children, who were mercilessly murdered, Their head hair was light, yellowish, blackish, Long-braided, grown-bloated or just short, * Their faces were so sweet and radiant With the beauty of dimples in their cheeks, And their eyes - velvet, blue as the blue of the sea and the sky, And all the enlightenment of heaven shone from those eyes { And they put on clothes and played - like the children of the whole world, As your children, they too filled the street air with hustle and bustle. Indeed, world, the children have bothered you Because of the difference in their Jewish names 1 Was there such a great sin As a Jewish child to be born 1 Ah, late for the end of the Dance of Death, Shy to be shaken from a human conscience in the face of injustice, The sigh and tears on our graves lingered, No beating on the sin of the world will no longer be comforted. For the howling of the bullets is carried on the earth, Which swallowed millions and covered their blood. Brothers and sisters, as long as we live - We have not forgotten anything, we have not forgiven anything! And our vengeance shall burn thee as fire, as the stings of a spear; Until you eat shame, the Teutonic mother 1 { Children's souls demand: remember everything forever! Revenge! Revenge! And do not forgive, do not dance! 314 Sefo Drzain Graves of our 4th saints A Tombs of our saints hd Sepo Darzain 517 Two years in Partizanke / Masha and Abraham-Hirsch Kulakowski This whole long slaughter-day we are Lying in high rye. Night, as it were When it got dark, we left the field And off into Lipover Forest. Have there We overheard, but dawned back Entered into rye-field, having the forest Was a shooter and had in him Could not hide. Again we lay down a whole day In the field, strengthening the closed her- Sorrow with a few corn "songs Occurred the second night, Abraham is gone To a known Christ and received from him A loaf of bread. In doing so, he Did you know that Isser Lev, his brother-in-law, is alive? Remained. We decided to leave in the woods Enter and search for the partisans. Where do you get weapons? A whole night we went and Early morning arrived in village Dubrovke. In Dubrovker forest we have Happened to some Derechin Jews, who Were already in a partisan group Under the leadership of an Ostrower Christ, Bullock. He gave us perfect warmth Recorded and gave us several days Ephraim and eat. Afterwards however he gave us Saying that he could not stand us any longer And that from now on we need not take care of ourselves For ourselves, and first of all we must create ourselves Arms. But how one creates arms with blank Hands and pockets? Him, the partisan- Leader, did not interest this:, click, Buy arms for your money ... "- And me Have not had any groschen ba lb and Life, except the torn clothes on himself. This is how our partisan movement began Live. Around three hundred souls were present Rescued from slaughter in Derechin, Among them many women and children. To order They created weapons for the camps Something had to happen. We have chosen A committee of three people, which has Needed to work out plans to get there As there is no weapon. It has been decided To raid Derechin, check Run the Germans and policemen and so on Get some weapons. After long discussions we managed to Convince the Russian commander that he should We borrow a few guns to carry out This attack on Derechin. The attack on Derechin In the meantime, we've made contact with you Some Derechiner youths, who have Belongs to Dr. Atlas Partisan Group. After consulting with them, it was decided The attack was carried out on another site. Chin along. Much has already been told and written Found out about Dr. Atlas and his earnings For the Jewish partisans in the Weiss- Russian forests. One of his greatest Raising was - creating arms for Jewish partisans, for those who are Already been in the woods and for those who had Still needed arrival. As Doctor, who Was beloved in the neighboring villages, Said he with the help of peasants, by All Ways and Means, Discover For- Various arms camps and secret camps Remaining after the declining red Army. Your atlas armed every Jew Which came into the woods into the middle 518 Desire and ability revenge to take without the Germans. For hundreds of Jewish youth Atlas served as an example of courage, Daring and determined fighter. About 200 men, of whom only a small Some were armed and the majority Only with sticks in hands, issued Two weeks after the slaughter attacked Derechin, The attack was for the Germans Unexpected --- and for the partisans A victory! After a two-hour battle Around 50 policemen were killed and Two Germans. 13 police-officers were taken Became in captivity. There are Fell into the hands of the partisans all Product magazines and stockpiles. Five fighters fell from our side: David Dombrowski, who still has it Tells his brother to take revenge Names for spilled Jewish blood; Life Telkovich, Hanan Kresnovsky of Kolone And two refugees, We ruled in the town for 4 weeks And in the whole vicinity. We have Burned virtually all houses and shot All those who helped the German Kill our fathers, mothers and Children. A fear attacked everyone Our enemies in Derechiner Rayon. The partisan lives on With the attack on Derechin, The partisans lived in our area. It begins without a line of heroes Under the direction of Dr. Atlas, of Bulken and of our derechiner Elijah Lifshovich. The position of the Jewish partisans is After the battle in Derechin there were many Lighter. The bold attack on Germans The garrison aroused respect Christians, who began to receive Land for the Jewish Partisans. Sepo Darzain After all, the Jews realized that this was so Equally to divide Jewish fighters among Various Russian partisan units Thus several mixtures were formed Group. Only one group, from Dr. Atlas, is Remained a Jewish. In the forest still remained a large group Of a few hundred older men, women And children, no camp-feike, which Have formed a "seminem". Families Camp. Four weeks after our attack on the Chiner garrison arrived A German Division and back held Derechin. This Had little to frighten the partisans, Which used to come from time to time No derechin on short; visit "and The German occupiers caused a great deal of trouble, Deutsche Contu-Attack Only then did the German decide Take to the forests in which there are Freedom reigned the partisans. The Germans Military power has concentrated a Huge force, which besieged the well- This and another short battle broke out Inside. The battle in the forest lasted a whole Day. Many have fallen on our side Victims. Around 20 partisans and 70 of ; Semienem "camps have fallen into the Hands of the Germans, and can present themselves What a horrible death they have Had. Many of the Germans fell More, they have literally charged full cars With their carcasses, Only when the partisans have arrived Lacking ammunition, they tore through A German wing and off in a second Forest, A few days after the battle we were Came back to our previous forest And yet with more zeal took to the Partisan work. Then we started Sepo Darzain Lift; on trains ", means: sub- Laid mines under the rails, lest the German trains, mostly with soldiers and amu- Notch, let fly in the air. The same Finally have had the larger brick d Neighboring factories that have worked before German. We used to not tolerate that the peasants Should pay the German interest, and of the All Villages that are located close to the forest The German could not get out. Drag no single market, Our arms: stock grows Going once length-out the edge of The rest, our partisans did Bumped into an armored car, which Was left there by the Acting Soviet Army. I'm fine Consider this "Bronewick" and decide Fix him so he can still know us Use bring. And so it did. In For a short time now, the pre- Tisan sets out in battle with a Armored car. The first test is in the middle "Broniewic" was made in Halinke. There, too, the partisans were annihilated The Germans and police-burnt, burned the Houses and reckon with those who have Helped the German in his murders Deeds, Thus has grown in our area the Partisan movement and strengthened From day to day. Over time Come Soviet prisoners of the Germans Camps, more and more Belarusians are Away from their villages, leave this little Have and good and fled into forest. There are no more Jews in the forest Came. Not been anywhere in ours? Area more no Jews. The ammunition depots have grown, as Result of the successful attacks on German garrisons and police stations Ties. M. goes on kozluishchine In a certain day has been determined To attack Kozluishchine, where it was Stationed a large, heavily-armed German garrison. I'm really off on Kozluishchine. How our things counted, This happened on the eve of Rosh Hashanah, 1942 We concentrated on one place Around 10 km from small town. The night Was an ocean, a cold and Darker. A cold rain pushed us through- Wet to the bone. We have opened Our march to the town, A climber of kazluishchine sense We stood still, and the commanders did Given the latest directions. As a signal To open the battle had to serve A shot from our cannon, Just 2 at night fell the first Shot. With Ahura! * - We cried out Thrown at the positions of enemy. D Battle lasted from 2pm to 8pm Fri. The enemy wrestled bitterly, Nevertheless, this town remained in ours Hands, but not for long. The Germans have Received a great help and the partisans Were forced to abandon this Camps place. Upon resignation is one lord- Matt and a large coal-thrower remained Directed by Hate. A group of Jewish fighters did Decided back taken out of enemy's hands Our precious weapons — and they have them Reached. This has cost the life of Three young, 16-year-old Jewish partisans. The rest, the "survivors" have returned Brought with him from the battlefield the Lord- Matt and coal-throwers. For their boldness Tat gave them the partisan staff Distinctions. Were these the- Shiner Kemper Gedaliah Bosak and Zal Chaim- Joshua Lifshovich, and the Fleet of Warsaw Krimalovsky. We must mention the heroic 320 Eliyahu (Elik) Lifshovitch, a Polish soldier Kazluishchiner Jewish partisan. Abraham Kozlowski, who has with his own Hand shot 11 policemen, until he is Fell from a bullet of a twelfth policeman. Jewish heroes-killers Winter is approaching. A fear Falls on the partisans. Fight against the Germans were already accustomed to them, but opposed Pros !! Who can know what is difficult Are we fighting? People chatting, Bring out the various suggestions: Let's go and cross the front, whatever Was still standing somewhere in Moscow And Stalingrad; And perhaps even let themselves In the west? The Jews, and after them I the Christian partisans, determined to winter In the Elder. Begins to prepare for it Winter. Makes sugar, makes meat And Schmaltz and M. are ready to take it up Fight mid-winter. But even before that, we come out Fight with the Germans. In Same Heart Puff Our forest lies the village of Ruda Yavorska. The German, wanting to give up And crumble our forces and not the- Sefo Ducain Allow for no contact and collaboration Among us with other partisan groups, Settled in early November A strongly Armed garrison in Ruda. The garrison Has barely managed to fit in His new place, as the partisan staff Was about the derusive, and shin The next day they are partisans Group stood at the entrance to the village. The attack hit the Germans un- Expected. They are still virtually all asleep. The partisan victory was great: The Germans and Ukrainians fell in Battle. In the hands of the partisans are Wrapped magazines with clothing, food And ammunition. Capture the successful raid The Derechiner excelled in the past. Elik ZL after leaving Wald Book Thirty Tizaner, brush with the brothers Chaim-Joshua And Elijah Lifshovitch, along with their Sister table, column, This happened on November 7th Anniversary of the October Revolution. On- Their partisans were sitting around flakes And I thought, what gift is there? Could approach Soviet "Rodin" In honor of this holiday. Suddenly suffered From above a noise and soon appears Over our heads an airplane, understand Himself a German. How fine would that be the case When it's time to shoot down The damn plane - think the Partisans. But before what-when is already The plane disappeared far above Forest. Lightning fast spread the next morning Over forest the news that the airplane Had due to a defect in his engine itself Descended not far from the forest boundary, On a mud. Dr. Atlas, not thinking For a long time, a group of Jews was sent there Partisans, Brush with our Derechiner Eliyahu Lifshovitch, to execute the cake Work Listen Learn. After a short battle, the Germans Flyer was killed and the plane crashed Were burned. Again the Jews proved Partisans their heroism. Death of Dr. Atlas That same month, the Reich Send a penalty shipment to the Peasants of the forest-villages, who have Him no tax no salary. Around 300 Germans approached the village Woolie. The first, which met The Germans with a hailstorm, was Dr. Atlas with his group. On the other side of the river stood only Atlas group of a 30 man. The fight Was, of course, no match. This has them, the "Atlasovtses", not offge- Scared. Atlas divided his group There is Two, one he took under his son Management and the second - under the Managed by Eliyahu Lifshovich. When a part Of the Germans is across the school, have The partisans launched an attack. The battle Was a stubborn one. The river is rod Became of blood. Hundreds of Germans and Ukrainians were shot dead. The Jewish partisans then received Help from the other side is difficult, and so on The Germans found themselves in a quandary Two fires, the return is they cut off And many of them threw themselves Into the river and drowned. The partisans won the battle, But ye have lost the best and Comforted hero and organizer of the Jewish partisan movement, the Dr. Atlas. He was injured in Leg, and until he was given the good one Help, he went out in blood and Exalted his soul. Dr. Atlas' death has resulted in Chaim-Joshua Lipshovich zl 322 Called a strong mourning for all partisans, Strongest but have felt the pre- Lust the Jewish forest-fighter. After his does There was a strong anti-Semitism Wave on the part of the Christian camp comrades, Despite the heroic actions of the Jews Partisans, under the leadership of Elijah Lifshovich, have not ceased on any One day and are even more strengthened Became. With more zeal and fervor had The partisans threw themselves into it Diversion-work. All railway lines in ours Areas were destroyed, no one Transport could not pass on Those lines to the front. A fear has arum Captured the German garrisons and they have Took alarms the higher military Ask about help. And the help was sent to them Became. Bitter battles in forest This 24th of December 1942 took place Approached to the forest-villages 5 divisions Of German Front Army, armed with The best technique. They have surrounded This forest. Our groups then counted Around 800 men. It has started a Battle on Tut and live three from time to time Have we fought for every part of the earth, The glory of a tree destination. We have wild animals Threw himself on the Germans, and literally dwelt- The appeared. German machines and tanks Were flying in the air. Hundreds Germans perished. But long out- Hold the pressure of such great hostility We have no power. We have decided Surrender in another forest. M'hat troch- Tear down the enemy's line and drive away Ten kilometers away, in a second Forest, The partisans then suffered no major losses Not suffered, but the family-group and the Rural populations have brought a lot Victims. The Germans got fed up with it Count Drzain Human blood and are derived from Forest, A few weeks later we were back Came to our former forest. And So always seek Christians the reason of Misfortune and finding Just this Jew is The same thing happened in the forest. It has Started a strong anti-Semitic Advice from which they particularly suffered The "Semyine" camps. The Russian commanders They did not let him get close to them and Drove them from one place on second. So UI The Jews had a lot of trouble to deal with From all sides. The partisan-group have Ceased to support them, in part because of this, What after a bloody clash with the German divisions find it difficult on their own Been with products, and mainly therefore, Which they simply did not want to tolerate The Jewish partisans should support these Family group. Cubans of Winter and Jews-Hat The first winter is life in Forest was very difficult for the partisans, Because they still do not have enough experience Not had. Particularly have suffered from these Cold the ineligible family groups, They dug up flat ditches And there lay the winter days And at night, most of them naked and hungry. No Tool to dig deeper, "rolls" If she did not have them, they used to do so. Lap, A drive families along, dig A little The frozen ground and from above raised A cake, bode. "In such hound booths Are lying many people, in crowds, Hunger and dirt. No wonder not. So Very exhausted and starving Bodies could not stand this Attack of chloral microbes and numerous They died of various epidemics- Mischievous diseases. Not a few are out- Went from hunger and cold. A frozen Sepo Darzain Potato was a feast. Very opt Whole families used to go out in theirs Winter digging and cultivating them all together Spilled on the spot, in the brother-grave. Unfortunately, that winter was over A heavier, the priests went up to 0 degree. Everything around has fought against ot the Unhappy people, and only a cleaner Some of them had survived all troubles. End of February 1943, when they arrived In the woods the news of Stalingrad Victory, the situation changed a little And he began to support the Jews again In forest. Unfortunately, there are already many of her Were on that world and other senses Remained eternal goblets, with frozen Legs and hands. Not one of them have these Partisan doctors had to amputate the Feet, in order to save them from gangrene. With our partisan hospital have We really enjoyed ourselves. He is Ordered somewhere in a remote location. This place in the woods, with a secret approach, Only a handful of partisans knew This place of hospital, in large rolls Were there working with devotion'd the Jewish Doctors Miasnik, Rockover and Rosary and the sick-sister mania Manikov with her mother etc., along with Additional medical workers. The drugs We used to supply from the raids on German garrisons. Only later, when we Have established contacts with Moscow, Has the hospital started receiving medical Comments dropped with parachutes , Zasades * and "Ablaves" Rarely have we had a quiet day In forest. People went to it almost every day- Gene on "zasades" and quite often used German sniper patrols were attacked. But there was only one German gar- Nison in the area, was people walking him 523 Smash and shatter. In the summer of 1943, the Germans opened up We have a few fobbles, "but they are By without great losses on our part. Only then when the partisans have corrected And began use in their attacks A Large tank, left over after the Representing Soviet forces in 1941, The Germans came down into the woods with A great power, Around September 2, 1942 the Germans entered us in the woods. It They came to the aid of planes Which had a few days later bomb- Dirt the forests. The partisans have themselves But not surrendered, A ride days have They fought with the Germans and afterward Leave the forest. Many Germans fell In the forest battles. In one of the Battles wounded ours Derechiner Teibl Lifshovitch. Azivi M'hat You on the spot could not give the necessary Help, she was greatly weakened and After receiving a blood poisoning she is Died in our forest-hospital. M'hat She brought with great honor in platoon And buried at the Partisan House. World. All partisans, Jews and Christians Have you surrendered this deserved glory. In the meantime, we managed to connect A contact with Moscow. The Partisans Have set up a radio station and Specialist radists usually report this Everything that happens in the forest. From Moscow Received our partisan staff Commands. The nice ones we hear on the radio. Our loneliness in the forest has returned. Thick, we were associated with measure- Kwe and received nice from the whole World. Besides, they often come to us Opt in the nights Soviet airplanes Which act according to the agreed signals Thrown down to us with paralyzed arms, Newspapers and --- people. They came to us 324 Special Descent Group was formed Who are engaged in diversion- Work Listen Learn. Thus came the second winter. The partisans already had experience From previous year. He was no longer buried No flat grits, just prepared large "Rolls", with windows and doors, often Even with curtains on the windows, and Also with ovens. So be it in the forest Emerged underground villages that have Himself pulled on kilometers. It's even A sports and dance floor was prepared. This is how our standard of living has risen: The fighting against the Germans continued Went. M. shouted again Ruda, Astrava, with a great victory. Have again In the battles distinguished Jewish pre- Tisans, and again the anti- Semitic advice. A very large number of Jews Kemper fell from the traitors Coal from their Christian colleagues. So. Did life in the forest go on until ------ The Guise German Blockade Quite unexpected is the 4th of June 1944 Passed to us the news. That of all Sides pull in the direction of ours Forest large German military forces. The German then, it turns out, gives Gelatinized and removed from front About 85,000 Cossacks, armed in the middle Best and strongest weapons, and they out- Sent into forest. A few days ago Continue until they have reached the Shchare. At the river they met The hero of the partisan in our Forester, Bullock, with his warriors, in between What distinguished the latter- Beautiful Jewish partisans. A ride days did Our partisans beat non-stop Coal-throwers and cannons. From the other side Have answered with fire the Germans Book Thirty Armatures. Many enemies have fallen in Those battles but this gave her even more Excited. Long have the partisans Forces could not endure the swearing Collision with such a large force that has Surround all our groups. No help Did not come from anywhere. The commander Bullock then decided to break through with His brigade the German force and cross This a. C. "Vilnius tract". The Germans fought for some of the battles. Days strongly confirmed, but not having There is no other way out Thrown at the Germans. The fight has Lasted several hours and was the Terrible and bitterest for the Our entire partisan era. It's There was a battle between a thousand partisans Against tens of thousands of enemies. It is There was such a mish-mash that one already has none Weapons could not be used. Maes went On Bagnet, and the Germans and Cossacks Were stronger. Many partisans fell in That merciless battle, and yet much More from the enemy's side. The Germans have come The sides of tract prepared pastries, Graves covered with olkes, and numerous Partisans fell alive too They in the hands. On this day our lives perished- Joshua Lifshovich. He was wounded Became in both legs, and not wavy Fell to the murderer in the hands, said He shot himself with his revolver. With a heroic death also fell Sime Shelovsky, who worked as a sick- Sister. Do not intentionally leave yourself a Wounded Soviet mayor, she was killed Coming from the enemy's coal fell is That day also Moshe-Haim Agulnik, whatever Spent the whole time in the woods- Marked as one of the most important Sepo Darzain Partisans. The same day also fell Vitya Shelovsky, and many others. Bitter days and good news Despite the many losses has a perfect Large part torn apart and united With the partisans on the other side of the river, An order did not come from Moscow Leave the forest and do not pick up any Battle with the Germans. The partisans have Then stopped shooting and did not even Answered on the German shootings. She Have turned from one forest into Second. Our silence has become even more Troubled the Germans, and they took Go into the woods and settle ours Camps. Meanwhile, things got harder and harder Eat. To the bases with products is um- Were able to approach because they were Occupied by the Germans. Of forest It was not possible to go out either, because All the surrounding villages were occupied By German garrisons. All roads are Cut off,. The forest was Under a heavier, denser blockade. The Hunger has tormented us so much that we Ate horse-meat and gnawed Ancient bones, found in forest. The situation Looked hopeless. Then came to us by radio Encouraging information from the front. Marshall Rakasowski opened his winning streak. Sive on the north-front. This has raised This is the courage of the partisans: a little more Suffer, and we will all be redeemed. Not looking at all difficulties is us Obviously managed to extricate himself from the German blockade and appropriate of the Germans 0 qi and other food products. Understands 525 That the daring father would soon come out- Called a reaction from an enemy. The Cossacks Have penetrated the whole forest. Be Were on all roads and paths in Mud and water they chased the Partisans. And nevertheless is of day To day grew the hope in ours Ranks. It's easy to imagine us Joy, when we heard it on the radio Pretty in line. That Baranovich was released Became a member of the Soviet Army. M'hat Took count the minutes. We have been more No attention is paid to the perpetrators German canonades --- people listened To the white thunder-bangs of the Soviet "Katyushes." Constantly approaching. The day has come! And suddenly --- what happened? The Germans Cannonade became a little quieter It's still shooting day and night, but it is Already something else. The crackling of the Katyushes ". Silenced the German cannons Coal and mine-throwers. The day has come! The Germans are Withdrew from the forest and it turned out- Placed A front-line ba the shchare. The Germans hit themselves already directly with the Red Army, the Soviet soldiers are Already full in forest and in the whole Area. The Germans retire in addition- Ordinary panic, overwhelming everywhere Thousands killed, Finally we are, after a five-week period Blockade, released. Yea, great was the joy, but deep Was also the tear. We are Released, but our neighbor and Most expensive - where are they? To whom can We're coming? 526 Sepo Darzain The only demand - take revenge / Yekutiel Khmelnytsky It's not that easy to deal with Words everything I have experienced In forest, with the partisans. I will Tell me here just a part of my over- Life. One thing I know: all the time In the woods, I had one dream, One request --- take revenge! It was very difficult for us at first Time in the woods. The Doctor Atlas did All done for us, brought us arms, Gave us tips on how to behave, where Receiving food a.d.g. We are currently Already been a group of 18 men. To be The brothers Nyome and Welwel approached us Dombrowski,. Chaim Shelkovich, Israeli Quiet and others. The doctor told us to eat Should we take in the neighboring hutors. We're gone anointed, me with Altarz, Eliken, Niomen and Gedaliah Basaken, Over the hutors and received A little Food. We have pretty thanks everywhere, But always we had to bring The more it pleases the other colleagues Ours has been waiting for us hungry In forest. Once we entered a foyer Dobrushchine. Begins he without screaming and Abuse:, can not be exempted from the Jides! How many kill her - and they are After ever here and come yet to us claim Eat! * And the farmer grabs me by the collar, In order for us to slip into the stodole And later handed over the German in the Hands in, because the German was well paid For handing him a partisan, moreover A Yiddish. This foyer son served in The police. Elik immediately fired into the Air. There was a sumo wrestler after that Farmer and among his neighbors, we have Soon began to bring bread and cheese However, this did not materialize at all For all our colleagues. And when we have She later told us what had happened to us Happened, said Elender, the swelker, ge- Name Violence: You are deceived The peasants and they will over- us all Put the German in your hands! I Does not want to die for a piece of bread, from "Who cares, Savvy is not satisfied!" We sought advice. Alter, Motele Basak and I are off to a potato Field and took pulled potato from Under the root and after the stump Back inserted in dreaded. The potato We baked and made ourselves as it is Held for a while, This continued until the doctor was Once came to us with two commanders Of the partisan. From then on he is already Remained in the forest, and it is difficult to determine- Rubbing, what he had all raised and how Beloved, he was both a partisan And Sei ba the rural peasants. The last They used to kiss his hands, because he used to kiss her Cure from their diseases. Salary have She him neither with money nor even with Products - only with weapons! They have themselves Had arms and knew ba who this Finds itself. Every night someone from We accompanied the doctor, in order to bring From anywhere - where guns, polemics and amu- Nation. The two Russian commanders, Kolke A. Wanke, soon organized an expe- Dition no yejorke, there took A horse Book Thirty And chariot and brought into the forest a Well-seasoned pork, bag flour also Various products. Gradually increased Ended the life of our pre- Titanic Group. On the other side is Shchare, in a forest lem Ostrove, then, found themselves in tens Rescued from slaughter in Derechin. We are coyotes and elixirs with Israel See you in our town. There Listen Learn Have we heard miracles and wonders about comag- To you, Batka Bullock, who was very worried For the family camp. Was Bulak A farmer from Ostrow, before the days of He was a party to the Soviet Union. Secretary, and when they arrived German, he is away in the forest Simple, honest Christ, always A Gay, rode on horseback, and with him After several horsemen, visited the neighbors Villages, met with the fires and Priests, received from them a great deal of information about The Germans in the neighboring towns and Villages. The youth followed him, as Yet A leader and neighbor. For the Derechiner remnant fleet is He was like a father. Ed We are back away in our platoon And taken from family camp three Derechiner. Then came to us too Samuel Bornstein, in a Conversation with Doc- Thor. Samuel is a away in partisan a Much earlier, long before the slaughter. He did Wanted to move on to us, because with us Was Bella and still some of his Good friends, And I can not forget how I was sent Became a second platoon from there Bring a letter. I'm a bald eagle Went to the commander, who took me there Abducted. At night I am back away With letter and I could not find 327 This correct way. Am I stuck in A Weld, until it took place. But When I came to the place, that was ours Group was found, I was there None happened. Like a sullen bee I wandered over forest and searched Tired partisans. A well-known farmer has We met and brought me bread with Milk. I've been looking for my group for so long, Until I met two partisans from Another platoon and they took me with them. Taken to their commander. That one got me Inquired until he understood that I Am of the Doctors Partisan. He did We called to wait because the doctor did Should come there. Finally came Doctor Atlas, ge- Take the letter from me and tell me, That our group is away from the old place, Preparing for an attack on the Rechinear Military and Police Gar- Nizon. A Much has already been said about it The partisan attack on Derechin. I also participated in it A fulmiot. I knew that night Little quench my vengeance-thirst. From Derechin we brought three Severely-injured. The doctor, Bella and Sima Shelovsky did everything they could To save, but they are expired In forest, under the trees, and we have They buried with the oath further revenge To take from the murderer. From Derechin we also brought a Lots of weapons and ammunition, medicines and Various products. I brought from there a ride good Boot. I was no more Barefoot Partisan. Ed The Germans wanted to settle With the partisans for the deere- 328 Chin, they made an oblave on this Family camp, Vail Batka Bullock, below Whose command were the platoon What attacked Derechin, has us Everyone immediately transferred to an The places in the surrounding forests. In Family camps were conducted by the Germans A horrific pogrom. The doctor did not rest, he did Planned ever bolder zadonia against The Germans. This is how it was done Elevation of the railway bridge over Nieman, During which an entire train with German sol- Data, which was carried from front in The hospital in Germany, is in- Fell into river. I took part- People in Zadania, along with Doctor, Elik Lifshovich, Gedlia Basak, Kolke Der Commander and a new partisan, Shubin, who Came to us from German plan and Did the most important work on the Prepare the rise of the bridge. I can not forget how it was Gathered all the necessary parts and accessories Materials on the mine and on the Battery-operated battery To the ascension; And then, when everything is Was done, well done- Researched the object of our Zadania, The bridge over Niema ?: A long and difficult one Road we had to traverse, until we Arrived at the bridge there New difficulties arose - he did Had to reduce the bridge so that the German patrol should not notice this; And The long hours of waiting are remembered On the military train, until she arrived Come, in order to descend through the face Herself, with all her wagons into river; The wild screams of the Germans then resounded Sounds like an ear to our ears Of vengeance: The way back is not either There was no light, but we were there Full of victorious joy. Sepo Darzain A The German saw that it was growing Power of the partisans and their forces Making him without great troubles and mischief. He Has decided to install in Rude, in Center of the Forests, A Penitentiary Garrison Of a 200--400 soldiers well armed, order To fight the partisans. We have ourselves About this in due course. We are Already also well-armed, had even An armored car with cannons from the front Separate caliber and polemic. Some Some of our partisans have already arrived Specialists in all kinds of machine guns. The Dr. Atlas' platoon was already there Well known in the forests of our un- Area. Explosive materials are to us Arrived with the desantnikes, which Sent from the other side of the front. We attacked the German forces, soon Ui they arrived no rude and before They still appeared to spread their arms And products. I remember well that battle, In which we have killed this Whole German force and took with himself in Forest entered their whole hob-and-goods yet Integrity. The desontnikes have seen. That we are Good fighters and have us blessed with Various degrees, such as nagans, revol- Become and automate. The local commander Have taken to arguing among themselves for the Inheritance of the seized trophies - and Suffered for their quarrels we have, The Jews, to whom they have been afflicted For every trifle. A Our attack on Kozluishchine was not Were well prepared and we suffered A defeat, many of us are injured And some fell in battle. I also fell into the Left hand and it took a long time until I healed my wound. Book Thirty Therefore? Came a news that no Far from village Rinky has descended A German plane and remained stuck There Listen Learn. Points out that something is wrong there Happened, but was told that he had Fix it already and soon he needs to move on Fly away. Our group volunteered To the attack on the plane. A farmer, Which were precisely explored by Samuel Bornstein and Moniek (Moniek had An appearance of a gi and spoken just like The goyim), led us to the place Of airplane. We are in difficulty Arrived there in floor-darkness. We Have opened on him A fire and the The doctor then demanded of those who Were submissive on the inside No response was received there I undertook to enter in Airplane to see what's going on inside Few and to take from there the gasoline For our tanks. As soon as I approached To the plane, is issued from the side- One person jumps from it and is pre- Vanished into darkness. I have myself Accepted with courage and I entered Inside. I searched for a long time, but Cain Gasoline not found. Finally, the doctor said Gave an order to burn the Germans Fly-machine. A They are still being executed. Various zadanas by our group, until The great German bubble arrived. A shooting was heard in the distance. We are gone, divided into small groups. Fkes, see where the shooting is coming from and Answer, if necessary. I'm going mid Doctors Group. We have on about perfect Moderate discussions about our following Fate and destiny. When we approached To the point, we have already been able to see 529 The Germans shoot in our direction. The Doctor led us forward. Though The danger was great and that Field between us and enemy was open Suddenly a shot was fired at us A hail of coal. We fall on dreaded and Ask who happened. All Answer,. The doctor calls himself, I ran up to him, along with Basaken. The doctor was lying heavily Wounded. We tore up his Clothes and took massage his heart, He opened his eyes and said, "Take it." Revenge! ”We both took him and Moved on the other side of a hill And try to help him, do something, in order to Stopped the flow of blood. But m'hot We soon called back to my fulmiot. This doctor took a tank away in Camp. We fought until nightfall Arrived. Depressed and desperate We returned to the forest, to Camp. We, the Jews, have grouped ourselves Together, while the Gentiles were trapped To eat. We have buried our love Dr. Atlas and swore that after the We will bring him to war for burial A Yiddish Beit-Olam. Meanwhile, the order came Leave the camp and cross into an Another part of the forests. With tears in The eyes greeted me with a tomb Of great Jewish fighter Doctor Atlas. Ei Hard days are coming for you Partisans. For the time being I have on- Start working in the bakery, which m Located in forest, in the center of the Various platoon. The lack of bread Made himself felt all these years in the woods, Products, dairy and meat, have been Could recover from the peasants, however They had no bread. The bakery 530 Issued good bread and me, the Jewish partisans, have, indeed, with great Danger, could from time to time give of Make some bread for the semen Camp. I once stood in a bakery and picked up Knead dough on a pastry. Bella, What used to be a chef's kitchen, too Been in the bakery, sometimes leaves Enter us a tall, healthy Gentile too Asks on egg to the commander. He wants They say that the partisans are behaving On indecent with the rural shikses. Somehow he looked suspicious to us. Meanwhile arrived Herschel Zlatogure And, taking me aside, he did Asked who the stranger Christ was. When I told him what the Gentile was saying About himself, Herschel managed to keep us going Our arms near Lem itself, perhaps attacked He's us, because we're expecting an oblave from The Germans in our camp and who knows What a stranger is doing here. He alone, Herschel, carried weapons in Se- My camp, so that they may know themselves Defend in case of an avalanche. Herschel was recalled somewhat later And ordered the stranger to go out with him In forest. Outdoors have been waiting Bogdush. It later emerged that Near the bakery stood a white Horse harnessed in a sleigh A sign for the Germans, who have Send us the healthy fur out- Appeal ever and to know give the Germans, Screams were heard from around: The German rings around us! * We are Ran out into the open and took off running. The Germans noticed me when I was Were about a hundred yards away from them, And opened fire on me. A bullet has We tore off a finger from the left Hand. Blood flowed from me and the The pain was very sharp. Am I. Book Thirty Next ran, but not found the way To our camp and found on a Second Squadron. I was given a bandage there. Touch my finger and I'm off My camp. On the way I heard a Shooting from that camp I'm from Norway away. It turned out that The Germans followed the signs Of blood that came out of my wound And so they stumbled upon it Zasade which was prepared for them In that camp. Several dozen Germans Were shot by the Zasade. After last night one night, together with an- The wounded, in the zemlyankees, did We were taken to another place, Which has already been prepared to take over The sick and injured. The night in the zemlyanke was a Frosty. Many sick have frozen The legs, hands or fingers. The way to I built a new field hospital on foot And coming to the new place I have Had 41.5 degree heat. Dr. Rosenzweig did Found out I'm sick of typhus. He healed me, cared for me and was there Happy when I went through this Crisis, That I came to myself and picked myself up Back to my camp, he asked me I should give him my boot, having him Went virtually barefoot. I got him Gladly gave away my boot though I have Seized a portion therefrom Eliken, ours Commander, It did not take long and we have Shot a German products-transport from A 20 car-machines. I'm fine with that Worked with my Fulemiot, we have ge- I took a lot of trophies and I got them A new ride boot, Ei Around Passover-time in 1943 the Germans Again made an avalanche on our forest. Sepo Darzain Our camp has learned about this In time and everyone got up quite fast Worn on A Second Place. All - except Me and another bunch of colleagues, who are Just been on guard and stayed in Forest. We hid a ride Days, we had nothing to eat Get lost in the area, get busy Thousands on a group of Orleans platoon. A farmer in a nearby village called us Brought a group of Jews from Lider Ghetto, Which we hid in the woods until Return of our partisans. Ar New troubles for us, Jewish partisans, Have begun. It spread clan- Go to all the forests that the Germans have Specially liberated Minsk Jews and them Sent as a spy to the partisans Squadrons: The suspicion which the Christian partisans Were thrown at us, so did the Click that we have taken check and Investigate one another. This has It took so long for it to recover. Cover that shikses, which have been healed With our gentile commanders, were sent Became like spies in the woods. He has the Shikses shot, but the distrust too The Jewish partisans have long been Lasts, though our Jewish groups have Still consistently performed difficult and important Zadaniya, which other group is gives Managed to execute. I am reminded of the uprising of A.D. German train, which I carried to- Seeds with monkey. The lines and bridges Were heavily patrolled by Germans With stray dogs and by Belarusians. It's real Were difficult to approach the lines. D Trains were going slowly. When we Have seen the train coming, has already Elik was afraid that he would notice us UT Of locomotive and open on us A Fire, but I with moniek have on rapid Submit your resume and Hiding in a pit. A large part Of train was destroyed. I was called to a partisan staff. I met Moshe Kwiat and Simcha there Kresnovsky and they told me that The commander-in-chief wants to see the brave Partisan Yekutiel Khmelnitsky. After the ML- Hama I was in Minsk, received the Partisan Nagrade and I was told- Said to send from Moscow the "Geroi" - Note, but I have not on it Wanted to wait. Come to mind after the onset of un- Many Jewish partisans, such as The Zasade On a German transport, with machines and Two tanks, which we have left Enter between two mined pieces and Then they tore away and shot For long hours the Germans and their allies Helper. From both sides of the road were drawn Movable swamps. Belarus and Ukraine Ners, who tried to save themselves Through the swamps, we caught up and left- Led into forest. They have fallen to the Legs and asked, mazol they let live. Reshe Cried to them: "Our mothers." I beg your pardon, you said They killed - now beg you to come to us We should have mercy on you !! "- and Bullock lay around on it 0 of the traitor with his machine-gun. Ed Then came the last German oblave On our forest. It was in a month March 1944. The enemy captured us Destroyed and surrounded us Forest. We have not even been able to find Food for themselves and are gone Zasades. Once a Saturday we were all- 532 Collected in one place - many, many Partisan camps, all platoon of the Neighboring forests, hungry, thirsty, habit. Commissioner Ivalev said before that Held a speech, told us that we are Surrounded by enemy and the only one The way out is to cross the German line And itself leave to the finsker mud or To the Red Army. He called us Surrender Against Enemy with Russian "Hurray" And then we will win. The night arrived, the great masses Partisans allowed themselves to be harassed Line of the German circumference. With A scream, hurray! ”They began to run To the line - and soon got on Us A Shot Made A Hail Of Fire, Of All Sides; The runners-up fell as co- Seat rye. The German rockets have Illuminate everything around. Where do you go? I'm lying with my fulmiot, and with me - Joseph Bliznyansky and Gershon Lifshovitch. She Look both out on my help and advice, having I'm older than them. I shout to the commune- To you, Abramov, I need to stop Hurray! *, For we are going out on our own The Germans. Better silence pierce yourself By the line. But Abramov replied Already not. He sits there, his body un- Locked without a tree - and silent, I look around. Climb forward, one must Cross a stream and then climb up- Drop on a high edge. And here fat- Roll the German tanks by the river. Have We ourselves were drawn to the back. Of All sides are dead and wounded. D Last request, let's shoot them, click Let them torment themselves. We are off to a Peasant, receiving bread with milk and himself Attracted to the Great Forest of Dubrovnik, Along with many other partisans. German planes bombed Bard the forest. I can already hear screams: The Germans are coming! And then there’s a politruck Book Thirty Everyone called and managed us, we should Somewhere to hide our weapons and hide. Go into the villages, to the families And familiar, until it calms down, and Then come back and take the weapon. Was good counsel for the Gentiles, But not for us, surviving Jews- Partisans. By no means did I want to Surrender my fulmiot, having only with his Help I can fulfill my main task Take revenge on the German assassin. The Politruck demanded, persuaded, Poland - It did not help him, I did I did not give up my weapon. We are Please turn away, we are granted Another 8 partisans. We did not know, In which direction to go, until Joseph bliss- Nyansky took us lead to a great Swamp, behind which was a coastal Turn. There we lay the night And the day after, without eating without drink Without a hope of arriving in a safe Instead, hide from the Germans His tanks and airplanes. On the second night we are all Eleven away, find out what's up with that Blow and find a little food. In The neighboring huts are told to us that no Germans are already gone in the area. We Come to to the German line, to the Bunkers with the small windows, of Which had a ride days ago on us Celebrated with coolness - now is quiet Arum. Hanoch, the blacksmith of Kozluyshchine, Had nowhere near known Christians, We left to them, received bread With milk. A farmer tells us to himself the- Know where our partisans are. Meanwhile, he led us away to stay During the day in a small forest. Long You can not stay there. The Germans shoot Himself around in the area. We're back in the mud, After learning that the Russians had Book Thirty Tear up the German front and approximate To our area, After searching, we finally found ourselves back United with our platoon, of which No half people were left. We Knowing that soon, Otiot, the Russians are coming for us Liberated, but meanwhile holding the Germans In one shot. Until they took off. It was a Saturday. We lie 233 In the forest, you feel that no Germans are there Gone - and we're waiting, And here I saw a face. On- I was taken to a hospital by the Russian army. The head bandaged, I was told he was out- Buried from the shed. So am I. Survived. Hunger and Death in the Forest / Cyril Kamenetzky-Friedman There was nowhere to go — that was it Our first thought when we were out On the fresh air, which has a bit Encouraged our gaze and mind after these Horrible two days in bunker. It gradually took days, though Everything around us was dark And darkness. We entered in rye and from There off to the Lipover Forest, happened Numerous people on site. With the children on the hands The first question we were asked Was: You want to save yourself with Such infants 1 That same night we went to Strawberry Forest. I with my husband and My little ones have been consistently these Last. My dear sister has Afraid that we should not be left alone in Forest. Herschel Labzowski led us And he waited for us, not letting go We must stand up and, God forbid, get lost. And so we slept with Our three young children: the eldest, Lizinke, a beauty, 6 years old, the great- Serer son, Mattel, 4 years and the little one Yankele - 18 months. Introduce yourself The situation of parents, with three birds Around, when he asks them: Do you want to Do save with such small children- Lech? Impossible to describe our sufferings. D Which were not capable of combat And the women with the infants had Found himself in a "seminary" camp. Rickety, sick, broken and terrified We have always been. A fear has us Embraced from every movement, from every one Shell of A leaf. Soon is upon us Fulfilled Pharaoh's Third Mecca - Honest. The dirt itself knew us Eat. A month after our arrival in the woods Said the German taking without us A terrible Revenge for partisan invasion Derechin. The Germans made an ob- Lave on the Astro Forest and around 80 Innocent people were shot dead, Many of them were taken alive. Hight, and can imagine who before A terrible thing does the German murderer have For them prepared. For every day we experienced Did I remember the above: Blessed be God Every day. So people pushed the time In fear and hunger. Not once did I Thought it was much better 534 Which is already gone, because often the do has In our eyes it looked easier and Better ui our sad life. We lay in the cold in the flat Creepy, full of people, exhausted And starved, and here was- A typhus epidemic is spreading in the camp. Whole Families often go out into the graves, Which were their reward "and became Their brothers-tomb. Only a small part of The Jews experienced it all. I and my two boys are sick Been on type. Was is this in month March, the eve of Purim. There is even no thermo- Meters were not on to measure the heat. We did not have any food. The Snow has begun to melt in our ditch, We were lying in the water. My hundred Moshe-Zvi Kamenetzky, is away in a neighborhood Village after a little potato, he said literally Risked mid-life. The GD said Helped him, he was successful and acquired A little salt and potatoes. I with mine Children received two potatoes, Capture the soul. After such a terrible disease, I gave up. Love without powers and could not put himself On my legs. I'm literally on the Hands pulled out of the pit to the fire. The fresh air made me a little upset- Mounted. So sitting by the fire I see For himself a Jew who had come to Narva Of the village of Woolie, and has bitter news He brought: Army is approaching And around. I weighed myself all night With bitter tears. What will happen now? I will no longer see my husband and Children 1 had to flee from here, And I had no strength to run With everyone. In the morning, very early, were already heard Shooting from all corners of forest. He had to Who faster run from the place, with his Trampled roads. I said goodbye Book Thirty With my husband and children, asked for mercy Command them to go with everyone, and I Will stay here alone. Did we know To remain here means a certain death. In this, a cannonball flew Over our heads, and I did suddenly Started running. We have already been virtually Literally the Germans came into the hands. We are Ran through a big mud, and I am There remained staff. We have been even Heard behind him the voices of the enemy, Who ran over forest, seeking the Innocent victims, I do not know to this day what a miracle is It happened. My husband took me and The little bird on the shoulder, too With all forces dragged us out of the Mud and brought back into forest, We have not seen any Jews around us, Only heard the belief of the German mer- The. They ran from the right side, And we hid to the left, ourselves- Buried in the ground and literally not geotemed. Not once have such things happened to us Miracles in the forest, The first winter in the woods was A bitter and bitter. We have even Didn't have any tools to dig out Deeper, rolls. "In such a great frost We also ran like this, having a big one Oblave, literally barefoot and naked, in Types of snow from Wallier Forest in a second I carried one child on my hands. The cold, the frost and the snow melted In the heart. Peasants and maids, who have We saw so running from forest to forest, Were starving in fear, staring at themselves To our appearance. This was that big bubble, in Which the partisan Abu fought for- Dish, on does and lives. Is that bitter Battle fell on Dr. Atlas, a dear Jew And friends of the "semene". Not once Book Thirty He protected us from the Christians Partisans. Are we from the ablave also aris Liveliness. We returned On the old square in the Wallier Forest and there Encountered the true Holocaust. Most have Suffered the; semene ". 2 days in the tribe happened again Opened fire from all sides. People Wines ran into the Germans' hands Entered. Not knowing that the German was attacking The partisans, many of us ran Seek protection from our armed fighters, But instead of protection, they bumped into each other On a strong German fire. Many died that day Our Derechiner, and I will this day From Twelfth Tribe Never Forgot: It's My dear daughter Lizinke fell, along With my sister Hannah Friedman and with the Families of Shmuel Butensky and his wife And child, Joche Butensky with her son, Israel Salutsky with three children, - everyone Season falls 12 days in tribe. Tanzavah. Hard to describe everything we had Lived in the woods until it arrived The summer of 1944, But here new troubles began, The Russian commanders settled down On the assemini ", did not want us any more Support and protect. They simply had us Left on God's counsel, We were already busy that summer. Torn and isolated from everything and everyone We remained a group of 22 people, We made ourselves a mask Zemlanke, deep in a pit. Hungry, out- Business, without the power of even uttering a word. Again, we sat for a whole day Pit and listen to the shooting Arum. We did not know. Who and who M. Shist. We have not even then 235 Knew where the partisans were and no Had no idea where we found ourselves. At night we used to go outside, But no fire was made, I myself have been so weakened from Hunger and torment that I have suffered Seen on my eyes. We once sat deep inside The roll, as it were, from outside A cry is heard: "Kamenetzky!" Com- Netsky! *, And the shout did not stop- Heard, constantly repeating over and over Forest. My husband did not answer, he did Also we not leaving answer. But I Have a thought: No longer what to Lose, - and I answered. Said It turned out that these were two acquaintances Peasants, the Karenko brothers, sought us out. When they saw us, they turned away Shocked. I can present myself, oh Wild we have looked. To my question, how do they get here Looking for us, one of them told us All who were with us in the pit, That his wife Stephens had come to dream Jews with beards and sticks and said You that we find ourselves in Bereznyak and That my children are dying of hunger. Ob They will not rush to bring our food Children, will they all, the Karenka's, Kill Listen Learn. The Gentiles were afraid of it Dream and we brought a spoonful of bread and A pitcher of milk, which we understood Itself, soon divided among all the Jews Zemlanke. From her we grew the cheerful ones Gospel that our redemption is near, The German has the real defeat and runs Already back through the welder. The peasants have had mercy on us, And we went away to them in a hurry. Funder At a distance, the Soviets had been heard "Katyushes". 56 Book Thirty Tenant Ezekiel Atlas--. The partisan doctor / tenant. Recover The sweat that prevails in the chapter on Jewish heroism During the Holocaust it is amazing; There is a reason for it Both national and human insult. (B. Dinur) Few doctors in our country, who know them, Because Dr. Ezekiel Atlas, the young doctor from Poland, He is the main figure of the partisan movement- Jewishness during the Holocaust, Jewish fighting against the Nazi occupier is extensive Two aspects: the ghetto mod and the fighting In the forests. Just as Mordechai Anielewicz symbolizes The uprising in the ghettos. This is what Dr. Ezekiel symbolizes Atlas of the Jewish Partisan War. Beggi- Mistakes uprooted the decrees and murder of most Jews The desire for resistance. The realization that it is impossible to win The Germans and that there is no escape from total annihilation Paralyzed the will-life in many. They did not see The need for fighting that was supposed to be suffering and humiliation. Jewish leaders in most Jewish centers Destroyed immediately at the beginning of the Nazi occupation, in its infancy- The First Anti-Jewish Intelligence, And again there was no leadership in these centers. And yet units were created, which endeavored to preserve On the only reaction left to a husband Sense of respect, and existed in the ghettos - standby Great mental fight. But was lacking for groups The goddess is a weapon and especially a place to hold a fight. All A partisan group had to look for connections With the population in the villages. The Jews who were surrounded Enmity, there is a lack of backbone in the population until it is impossible Had to persevere within the rural environment The hostile. Various groups roamed the forests: Polish Shysters (AK), Ukrainians (Bandera, Bialoruses (Samukova), and groups, savages " Pro-Soviet. There were contrasts between them Deep, but even with them there was a ballly agreement Unwritten - Extermination of the Jews. Indeed, the organization of the partisan movement was a lot It is more difficult for the Jews than for any nation Otherwise. The fundamental principle of the party power Was to operate in small units and by surprise. Accordingly To this success depended much on his virtues Of the individual and especially in the virtues of the commander. Dr. J. Atlas was a fearless partisan Who knew him were fascinated by the character of The Jewish commander, his immense dynamism, his devotion Without limit and its humility and simplicity. Has a floor between him- Nit, thin, and has blue eyes with a good look And clever, made first of all the impression of a physician, and not of Partisan commander, who on the majority should be cruel And coarse. But when he was instructing his boys Knowing the struggle and the fervor of revenge was impossible Get to know him. His voice was cutting and his face was quiet. In battle there was no limit to his self-sacrifice and courage His spirit. In the mass partisan movement constituted His plan is only one of many. But no Forget that before this movement stood the machine- The great German heat is helpless. The assessment Of the German headquarters was, that the partisan movement Was a weighty factor in their downfall. Guadin is a Jewish poet Dr. Ezekiel Atlas was born in 1913, in the town Rawa Mazubitska in Poland. After finishing Etz His law degree in medicine returned to Poland and he worked At the hospital in Lodz. At the outbreak of the war, in 1939, Dr. Atlas traveled with his family east and arrived To the town of Kozloveshchizna in Belarus. Under his auspices Of the Soviet government organized a hospital here And served as its director. He became famous throughout the region as a physician Talented. With the invasion of the Nazi armies he tried Escape with his family to Russia, but all the way Were blocked by the German army, which advanced In the shape of a deep peg. He remained as a doctor in Kozlov- Shizana, often visited villages and made connections With the peasants. Who adored him because of his devotion To his ailments and his readiness for help at all times, day and night, At the beginning of the spring, all the Jews of Kozlov were exterminated. Shizana and among them Dr. Atlas' family - Book Thirty His parents and sister. The doctors were the Germans Surviving at that time as Jews, lived- The German headquarters was very afraid of climbing mountains A disease which has always accompanied the armies In Eastern Europe. Indeed, Dr. Atlas won to stay alive and was sent To a sanitary point in the village of Greater Valla (Paula) "Wilke") for the sake of a war on climbing the clarifications. Ravway who is in the living room area continued Dr. Atlas Reach out to the rural population as well as to groups First partisans. Which I will give relationship relationship Tight, On July 22, 1942, the Germans massacred the town Darchin, next to living rooms. About two thousand and five hundred Jews were murdered, and only about three hundred escaped the massacre Learn. The refugees wandered in the unknown forest, Desperate, hungry, helpless. Day and it was chosen By Dr. Atlas To Fulfill His Aspiration: Organizing a Battalion Jewish partisans, for war and revenge. Refugees Darzein, who were able to carry weapons, set up a company Warrior. The tef, the women and the elders were concentrated within "Family Camp." The first three rifles Brought by Dr. Atlas brought life to my people The company. Armed with guns, atlasmen went out with Commander for punitive actions against collaborators with The Germans in nearby villages. Family property The police were confiscated and taken to the military and family camp Plenty of dishes and food were brought. The doctor spent Whole days in the villages and obtained weapons from a farmer The environment. The sympathy which was felt for him throughout the area As a doctor she helped him a lot in buying weapons and in Organization of an intelligence network in the area. Children of the village, Roi- The cattle, were important suppliers of weapons, that was Precious-reality at the time. In 1941 The Russian army, in a panicked retreat, left Many weapons, which the peasants and especially their children hid In the ground. From them he would bring an atlas every day cock-tools. The force of the company grew and grew. Six appeared Light and heavy machine guns. Also appeared Cannons, which the Russians left during the retreat And shells were also found for them. Among the fellow-atlases There were gunners, who served in the Polish army, and also Locksmiths who fixed an abandoned cannon. Also here in the camp The family "received several guns in self-defense, UT Existence, the family camp? "He weighed down somewhat About the partisan battalion, which should have been easy- Movement, but over time the camp became a home- Partisan craft and place of supply, repair Dim, underwear, shoes, etc ... during the hunt Were prepared for them underground shelters, which They also saved a lot of lives. The Partisan Area, Bo Followed Atlas, stretched between Slonim and Novogrudok The area was steeped in dense forests. Surrounded Swamp swamps and served as a natural base for groups Miscellaneous of Jewish, Polish, Bialo- partisans Russian, Soviet. In the center of these forests, between The estuary of Shtzara and Naiman stretches across the forest The great one - the Halifichan Pushcha - which was used Base for Dr. Atlas' company, and there they arrived Jews from the surrounding towns: Darzen, Zilodok, Bialitsa, Kozlobushtsizna, Novoulnia, Mulchadz, Dvorots, Ziotl (Dziatlobo), Novogrudok, birth And more. When the first Jews came to the forest they encountered In a group of savage Soviet partisans - Remains of the Red Army. Robbery and rape only Were the plans of these groups. In these circumstances The Jewish groups were in danger of extermination. Thus a small group of Jewish partisans was murdered Of Old Dburotsky Mazotl. The prestige of Dr. Atlas in the rural population and in the wild groups Help overcome the anti-Semitism that prevailed in the forest And was directed at ghetto veterans. Revenge of the shed Jewish Jew B. August 10, 1942, 16 days after the massacre In particular, Dr. Atlas went out with 120 partisans Jews to this town avenge the unique blood Spilled. The operative plan was to crown the The town and cut off from Slonim and Mazola. Eliminate the The police station on one hundred and sixty policemen and 5 n The gendarmes again distributed the weapons to the refugees. With Dr. Atlas' company participated in the attack On Darzain, also Boris' Soviet company The stump and company of the local farmer - Bolek. Shmuel Bornstein, author of the book Aplogat Dr. Atlas, who participated in the Battle of Darchen Writes:; It was exactly four o'clock. Dawn. The machine guns started growling, the ground shook 38 From the sound of grenades exploding .. We stormed forward. The gendarmerie building was answered by gunfire. Atlas' boys were taken out of the police station The frightened policemen the policemen went pale And trembling, their hands raised up. From the side I saw Yekutiel Khmelnitsky, machine gun in hand, head Wild, blood dripping from his nose .. The shirt was torn And he laughed wildly like crazy and exclaimed:; Ha, beautiful To you, huh? ' The officers were shot at the spot where they were killed Two weeks ago Jews. Near the Cinderella station A fierce battle ensued. The shoemaker Shkowitz who went into battle With a stick in his hand he now held a German submachine gun New ... the guys claimed the wounded on the carts, The weapons and the rest of the loot - and back to the forest. The German army coming from Slonim found the town Ahuza Lehavot ".. After Darzain came Ruda Jaborska's turn. This village is located at a crossroads between the luxury forests- Tiles. Large forces of Ukrainians and Germans Conquered the village, which paralyzed transportation Between the companies of the warriors. United Tassels of Jewish and Russian partisans stormed the village. The enemy's defense was extremely strong. Traitor, One of the atlas boys, threw a grenade into the excavations The Ukrainians, destroyed a nest of heavy-duty machine gun Took control of it and aimed it against the enemy. Breaking The defensive nest by the Atlas Company decided his fate Of this difficult battle. The Nazis fled by leaving them Many killed and many weapons. For a few weeks afterwards he expelled Atlas The Germans from most of his area. He attacked the The enemy's garrison in Holinka, in Sankbashtsizna And eliminated them. The attack on Kolobashtsizna did not Was crowned with complete success. The Germans were now fortified Well in all the surrounding towns and partisans Encountered fierce resistance. There was no frontal attack Worthwhile, since it involved heavy losses. The clear partisan tactic is the method Of, hit and run. "Atlas kept as much as possible on Surprise advantage. In case of encountering superior forces Of the enemy tried to avoid a direct collision, Book Thirty Constant bruises Within the area the partisans were completely searching. In each village sat a commander on behalf of the partisans. His job was to provide food and shelter for the fighters That we happened to be there. From these villages it was forbidden to take Delivery. The German forces lost step by step The control of the area was eventually reduced Their control over the major cities and towns only, After clearing the area from the enemy, Atlas surrendered All for obtaining explosives for acts of sabotage. He began Send Classes: Sabotage Beyond the Forests - Hit In vital military objects: railroads, Railway stations, supply plants and industry. For Soon all the dairies that provided butter were eliminated And eggs for the Germans. The factory was also blown up To cement in the town of Roche. Demolition of the Neiman Bridge Who for a long time severed the connection between two banks The river, brought him fame in all the party movement- Zenith of the region. Every day Atlas brought carts Full of cannon shells left in the fields And in the river that Tsara Elid and the Greater. He Removed the explosives from the shells, purchased lighters And went into action, The front was far away near the Volga, and past The front was constantly rushed by German trains carrying Weapons for the army. One of Dr.'s famous bruises Atlas was the blast of the bridge near the Rosianka station, While passing the train, which caused casualties And very many wounded. In another operation he destroyed A German plane on its command, when it landed- Rape about thirty miles from its base. Transportation Of the Brest-Baranovichi-Moscow line stopped on By atlas often. Railway lines have been removed From general use after incessant bruising. Shay- Ruth who led the supplies to the front were attacked on- By Atlas companies. The Germans took a line of Protective measures. To make access to the strip difficult The train cleaned an area of ​​300 meters on both sides The track. Every citizen. Which is seen near the stripes, Was shot on the spot. The Germans built bunkers along The track with their protection attached to the track. Patrols And teams of minesweepers toured along the tracks- The train. They increased the course of the trains by a day Book Thirty And reduced travel at night. Taken my son- Bail from the surrounding villages. The residents were brother- See on the section of track near their villages. By chance Of sabotage on the train were shot hostages. Methods The terror did not achieve their goal, they only intensified The hatred of the population and the escape to the forest And joining the partisans. The Germans responded by Dim occasionally. On September 15, 1942 The Germans went out together with the Ukrainians of Vlasov, Together about a thousand people, for a punitive campaign against the partisans, Atlas took a position near the nearby village of Walla-Zuta Shtzara River. Some of the enemy forces decided Cross the river. When the raft with the cars In the middle of the river, an atlas opened fire at her From a cannon and from a machine gun. Over seventy Germans And Ukrainians fell in battle, plunder and much weapons fell Into the hands of the partisans. Shortly afterwards Thirty-three German and Lithuanian soldiers conducted Hunting in Pushcha. Methods of terrorism, arson of villages, Mass Murder - Add momentum to the movement again The Partisan. Dr. Atlas' company withdrew And split into small units. After two weeks, When the enemy retreated, the units returned to the position, We reorganized and resumed their war with Eve. The December hunt was particularly difficult. Winter And thawing snow heavily hampered traffic. There were Lots of victims in the family camp. The German force Numbered thirty thousand men. Aircraft, tanks and other Heavy shells constantly shelled the posh. The people did not go like sheep to the slaughter The fate of the villagers was the same as the fate of the Jews. The Germans ordered them to dig deep pits, Forced them into the pits and shot them. The massacre was carried out without any distinction between participants- Action with the Partisans and Their Opponents - Dr. Kulakim's company continued In tradition and preserved the crossing of the river Shachara In the village of Walla Greater. The Germans concentrated auto fire- Matt is very strong on the company. Only in the pogo 239 The short ones could be crawled a few feet. Two days The battle continues in this place. The situation worsened, Atlas was looking for a way to break out of the circle. In battle It injured Atlas in the leg. The ball apparently hit In the femoral artery. The blood you drank from his leg non-stop. Despite the attempts made to block the artery did not The doctor managed to save himself. He had enough more Appoint Eliyahu Lipshovitz and Say: Revenge !. And lost consciousness. He passed away About half an hour after he was injured. Despite the despair with the death of the commander she succeeded The company exit the danger of siege and concentrate on the base New. 1943 was a year of disgrace Regular Soviets and reorganization of the movement The partisan, brigades were established. Officially not There was more room for Jewish partisan units. Dr. Atlas' company was transferred to Russian command, however It continued the Jewish tradition and its name Dr. Atlas continued to serve as her sergeant Keep calling them "Atlasovtsi" - boys Atlas, Dr. Atlas' system in the Lipicha Pushcha Is not merely a military operation. He assumed A basis for concentrating Jews who had fled the standing ghetto In the flames, they wandered and wandered in the woods. Was welcoming Them when they come, comforting the unfortunate, and above all Gives them the feeling that a Jewish hand is fucking Keeps them. In addition he was a doctor, an angel Raphael for the sick and wounded. Historians should highlight the campaign of Dr. Atlas in Toldow! The Holocaust. The Battle of Dratzien, Where death-refugees fled the massacre in the ghetto to the forests Two weeks later they attacked the town, and set out Massacre of the murderers of their fathers and children - should be included In selected reading chapters of Holocaust literature for youth. Chapters of Jewish heroism during the Holocaust are appropriate Let them find their way to the hearts of the young for the sake of knowledge For the Jewish people did not go as sheep to the slaughter but to bread For his existence and dignity. 0 Duchamp Book There are warriors in the forest / Samuel Bornstein July 24, 1942 I came back late at night. Not for a long time I could fall asleep. Here comes my third anniversary- A gift for war. A difficult period has passed It's hard for me to admit, but I've come to terms with it The idea of ​​the death of my parents and brother. At that moment I thought About the people close to my heart who I left behind Indicate the fasters in daily afflictions, and my hand is short From helping them. At dawn I woke up to an annual noise. - Debrima takes place in the environment. Commented The guys. Indeed, there was an incessant commotion on the part of Darzain Of machine-guns. I glanced at Herschel. Pale as lime Listen to the echoes of the shots. We mediated one for the other soul. Jews are usually killed. That day was his son It is very difficult for us. The food stays stuck in our throats, Everything would fall out of our hands. Anxiety tormented us To the fate of the Jews of Darcin. In the evening, Misha returned, who was sent to patrol the area. It turns out That our hypotheses were correct. From the farmers of the area He learned, Misha, that since this morning Darzain has been being shot In Jews. His dry message hit us like a hammer blow. At that moment we asked to be alone, and impatiently We waited for the hour to unfold in the silence of the night. I remember the words of one of the Russian guys, I was saddened. In his wish for Nachmani he said: - Son of a soldier! In a timely manner you will be rescued from there. It was difficult for them to understand my pain The next day we learned from the boys. Refunds From fulfilling their role, because in the burolum there is a remnant The Jews of Darsein, who managed to escape the massacre. Ki- We had permission from the commander to visit the refugees. We immediately went out to Burolum Forest. We hurried very fast. Let. Anxiety accelerated in us for the fate of the people next door To our hearts. We described to Lego the mood of refugees Those, who fled to the forests unknown to them And left behind the corpses of their ancestors, his mother- Their children, brothers and children. We wanted to comfort the unfortunate- To the sea, encourage them as much as possible. We met the first group of Dersinians At the entrance to the forest. A little girl jumped towards us from the meadow- The trees. I met her daughter, the teacher Landau. I hugged the nine-year-old girl in my arms, Even though I was dressed in an army uniform, and a rifle on My shoulders, my little acquaintance at once. She snuggled up to Roast, Because she felt I should protect her. Two big eyes, Blacks, from which the fear was reflected, peered at me On that terrible day. When the Germans entered To their apartment, the little mania was hiding behind me Wooden box. In her eyes she saw how strange and bad people were Beating Dad, Mom and Grandma. Hidden sense Tell her, the girl, that she must sit still behind me The big box. The crying people were taken out The Germans forcibly out. Mania knew that something A threat occurs because those closest to her are walking And will not return again. She wanted to shout, to approach To the bad people and ask them, burn from Her favorites. But the shout remained stuck In her throat. Abel then fell silent, Shots soon pierced the silence. Mania Understood: Now they are dying, Grandma, Dad and Mom. Germans are constantly entering the apartment and searching People. One fat Zandarm even sent a look Towards the box, behind which she hides. She She saw him, his gaze, but he did not see her. At night, someone sneaked into the apartment. It was The uncle, who came out of the bunker to see what was happening. Together Sneaked out of town and out into the woods. The things the refugees told me came up in horror And in their cruelty for all that can be brought up The mind. In the distance sits a woman, her countenance Blunt. Her young face makes a strange impression, Adorned with gray hairs. - I have sinned, I have sinned, - the woman repeats and memorizes Stubbornly, Sepo Darzain The people sitting next to her tell: At The cook in town was this woman with an infant in a bunker, Every now and then, police officers broke into the house and searched Jews. The toddler did not stop crying, and hiding They feared they would be found hiding. Hom strangled her baby In her hands. And here sits a young man, who miraculously survived death. In his eyes he saw his little son begging before the murderers; - Look, I'm not that young, not yet I lived in this world, the survivor alive! The people told me that in the valleys of the forest are About two hundred Jews; Some of them moved beyond the snore Shachara. The smoke billowing over the trees instructed me The road to the refugee camp. Half an hour later I was in place. How different this camp is from a camp The partisans! There is no one singing here: there are no people here Cheerful and satisfied. The refugees are sitting gloomily, Stunned; Not for one moment can they be distracted Their minds from the events of the terrible day. Each of them Left behind the people closest to him. And here - parents without sons, children without parents, Family life built over many years was destroyed In one day. And now: a forest in the unknown: sky Spread wide, instead of a roof, over their heads. Yesterday the Commander-in-Chief of all came here The partisans all over the region, Boris Bullat. He promised Attach the people capable of carrying weapons to The partisan companies. And the remnant shall form; Ha ", as they called it: they will get some guns For self-defense, and her side will provide them with bruises The partisans. A successful journey July 28, 1942 One evening we went out, a whole bunch, to the role of Battle. The commander explained to us the purpose of the journey. In the village The Great Yosyorki, "four miles away From Darzein, one policeman will enter the canopy with Daughter of one of the peasants. We must seize the opportunity And kill as many Germans as possible. This is for me this time The first to participate in such a dangerous mission. At about nine o'clock we went to Yoziorki. There were With us are two machine guns, some submachine guns, and so on 541 Two grenades for each of us. Send first Commander me and Kolya, a familiar and ordinary soldier, to patrol Instead. Deaf, crawling, we approached the hut At the edge of the village. In the distance, sounds came to our ears Harmonica, stamping the feet of dancers and screaming Drunk, I was boiling: - The traces of the Jewish blood have just been erased from their hands, And already they are reveling! Kolya knocked on the cabin window. Beyond the glass A figure dressed in white was seen. - Who's there? A frightened voice rose from within. --- Fatah, partisans. Kolya answered in a whisper. I stayed outside. I pressed against the wooden wall Of the cabin, and I made an effort to pick up every sound that came From the street. Kolya returned a moment later, and we returned to the debt- Rim waiting for us and we gave the commander what was known To us, The commander edited the people. At the end of the village, from the meadow * The cabin, where Kolya learned of the great news. Drink to us, two people and a machine gun were left with them. They were instructed to guard the road to Darchen Ann All the rest, we approached the goal across the field, Behind the cabins. The darkness of the night was in my aid. Finally we were about twenty feet away from The place where the wedding took place. Inside were the people Many, and much was the commotion. In front of the house, outside, We love boys and girls. In the middle of the street We saw, in the light of a flashing cigarette, a figure of Someone. - Apparently he is a sentry, who was put on a nose - The commander whispered. We were tasked with solving a difficult problem. It was impossible We just have to shoot at the cabin, because we might Innocent people were killed. Therefore imposed on Kolya approach crawling and shoot the sentry. Cole The shot should have been used as a signal to open a barrage Shots in the air. According to the census calculations should be The policemen are surprised to flee towards Darzein and be- Easy in our * shooting machine hidden there. This is how they will learn The peasants took, that they should not attend With such joys, and the cops will stop from now on Their night-visits. 342 - Soon there will be much joy here - Misha whispered to me. Suddenly a shot was heard, which stopped my sound The merry polka dance. I saw that the bubble cigarette- Ruth in the mouth of one of the men fell to the ground. The windows went out The light. There was the sound of shouting and crying. Some people Rushed out. We opened fire with strong fire. Molotov cocktails Fly whistling over houses. We started casting Pomegranates midway. From the end of the village came then- Nino sounded a machine gun rumble. - Ours are the ones! Misha read happily. Also beyond Darzain Tartra ration machine- Heavy shot, Finally there was silence. We ran into the street. On a blood-soaked space, Kolya stood at his head Black policeman's hat and a belt-pistol belt New German, --- apparently felt safe from all Bad, if he smoked while on shift, - Said Kolya, And Ania sent me to explore the end of the second village The guys removed the new boots over my legs The dead cops. - Well, we succeeded, - said Misha to me. - In Need to go to the warehouses: The warehouses are coming To us, - he continued, looking coldly at the boots The new ones, who wore the guys instead of the worn-out shoes, Prepared, the fingers peeked out. I returned to my place. The window shows light again. From The hut reached the commander's harsh voice. On the street The guys talked about the fight that ended an hour ago Easy. A moment later a ship appeared on the street. - And now, boys, - he said, on the way: from Darzain May be reinforced, While we exchanged passwords with the sentry sentries- Dim on guard, near the camp, already dawn. One day after the trip to Yoziorki I found out Happy news from two new members of Flug- Let, Received from the Jewish Refugee Camp: Transition A Jewish fighting company is organized into the Shachara River. At the head of the company is Dr. Atlas, and there they are Bella and Izzy, my friend, who survived the massacre, and another debt- Rim who at the time belonged to the secret organization in Darzein. Sepo Darzain I immediately appealed to the commander, and he was the author Absent from camp for two days. Dr. Atlas Company August 1942 At noon I was on the banks of the Shachara River. Across the river were seen the great Rhoda forests, which Shaw is a refuge for partisans. There was the village of Walla The Great. "I knew that the nearest German garrison Most are parked in the town of Kozloveshchizna. But the gram- Nim and the policemen learned a lesson from the partisans. Not To wander across A., the Red Territory. "On all I'll not worry, I asked the intern, That I drove to the other shore of Shachara, if not The Germans are seen around. - These dogs are afraid of us to leave, - The farmer replied proudly. The small village looks like a very poor settlement. Land- The arid sand made a living by reducing the population. The caves hanging from the fences testified that the Lucia is engaged in fishing. From the way people look The village in me, I learned that they are used to seeing guests Like me. I was in the middle of the village and weighed my mind Which side should I turn to, and here comes out of one of the cabins A man, a rifle on his arm. By his attire I knew him That he is a partisan. - Hi, buddy! - I read, The partisan turned his head. We peeked at a man in front of me Each other and we immediately hurried towards each other. It was one From my friend from the city of Darchin, a member of the secret organization, Haim- Yehoshua Lipshovich, Chaim-Yehoshua came to the village of Baag- La. He is the farm manager in their company, and now he has brought The peasants have flour to bake bread for the sake of the plague. We immediately got in the cart and headed for his camp, which is located Four miles from the village. We drove fast along the forest path. The cart was Squeaks and bounces on top of the large roots. Forest It was great, an example I had never seen before. The old, tall, towering trees In majesty majesty and gloomy peeks from the depths of the thicket. Finally we leaned aside. Under an oak tree stood a branch Sentry, and by him a machine-gun. This too was alienating My old man, the baker from Darchin, Yekutiel Khmelnitsky. Book Thirty I passed a few more tens of meters past the main- A yoke and I was in the camp of Dr. Atlas' company, All around were tents. On the fire. At The buckets, the girls bothered, the cooks; Under the trees Men sat and brushed their weapons. - Samuel! Samuel! There were cries Towards me. I pressed into my heart Izio and Bella: a bunch Friends gathered around me. I felt like At home, Bella told me the same story. In a trembling voice She talked about that day, that one. " - At dawn the Germans came to town In cars. The police surrounded the ghetto with a chain Dense of sentries. She, Bella, hid in an instant The latter, along with Izio, in the attic. With great effort Raised the ladder after them, and from below they had already arrived The screams of the Germans. In favor of the cracks between the boards - The ascent peeked over the years and saw what was happening below. In front of the house stood a truck. The Germans dragged The residents to the street and the unknown, in curses and during- Death, to the cars, Bella's mother looked up Towards the attic. It was a farewell blessing from The daughter, There were tears and howls all around. Crossing a mill The flour sounded shots. On the square in front of the mill The Germans shoot at Jews. The fugitives waited until Come tonight. So they went down the ladder. Not now There was only one way before them: the honeysuckle. After many adventures they reached the Borough Forest Lom. Here we happened to be with the Lipszowicz family And with Yekutiel Khmelnitsky. They decided to put Their way to the other side of the Shachara River. On the way They were joined by other refugees. I finally arrived To the village of Walla. In the distance were peasants, the workers Quietly in the field. The sun was blazing. The children of the village, the Hakim in the street, scattered at the sight of foreign guests. All around is the sound of creaking doors closing. Through Curious villagers peeked out the windows. Suddenly there is a call in Yiddish: - Jews, Chachudna! An unknown person approached them. It was Dr. Ezekiel Atlas. He led you to the honeysuckle and gave them Instructions on what to do by the hour. Afterwards 543 They left, and for a few days his face was not visible. Hungry Be and bet so and so after food to silence the evil- Bonam. Yekutiel Khmelnitsky, who was known as a fan- Eating, he went out one night to the nearby village, And brought from there with a shout of victory a great cauldron which, "carried" Above one settings. In the field there were apple pickers Soil and cook them in this pot, thus reviving the Their soul. On the third day the doctor came and brought with him more Three of Darchen's brothers: the Nyoma brothers and David Dombrowski and Herschel Zlotonora. They too encountered Atlas on their escape from the town. - Guys! Cried the Doctor from a distance. - Good news in my mouth! The partisan headquarters recognizes you As a combat unit, from that day on I commanded the commander Yours, Dr. Atlas, a man of medium height, like a moth- Rim and Sheva, was a native of the town of Mazowieckie. The war between Germany and Russia broke out while he was in the city Living rooms. There he served as a physician at the hospital. Bra ' In 1942, the Germans massacred a Jew Kozloveshchizna and then also the family members of Atlas - his mother and younger sister. The seven-year-old Ten. Him, as a physician, the Germans kept alive And sent him to a sanitary point in the great village of Walla. But he called the partisan headquarters. He carried With him a secret weapon, in case the Germans come to hit In him, and was ready at any moment to stand on his own two feet and escape Learn. He was now headed by a group of partisans The refugees from Darzain. Then Yekutiel Khmelnitsky told us And the Lipschowitz brothers on the negotiations conducted by Dr. Atlas with the Russians. He wanted to become a shareholder The Darchin refugees to a combat unit, while the Russians Dodged, claiming that many are refugees from Darzin Wandering in the woods, most of them women and children, and marble Find a comprehensive solution to their problem. Atlas finally returned and brought the three with him The first rifles. A new spirit began to pulsate In the hearts of the people. Work began immediately. Armed with two rifles, the boys went out to one The villages and treated "there in the family of a policeman One, who showed his power in the massacre in Darzein. They brought With them necessary tools and food needs. For the time being 4 The Doctor spends days and nights in the villages, and was Obtains weapons from the peasants. Special benefit produced Atlas from his acquaintance with the shepherd boys. In 1941 The retreating Red Army left many weapons behind, That the peasants, and especially their children, buried him in the ground. No. A day passed without the Doctor getting a few without- These cocks. Atlas' group now numbered about moth- Rim Ish, and soon there were almost all wines, They even had a machine gun. Dr. Atlas did not know fatigue. No one knows when He rested. He was always worrying and running around, remembering all Man and everything. From the first moment he led the flo- Goethe Discipline-Iron. --- We are soldiers, - he would say. Soldiers Avengers. On the day of the massacre, on the twenty-fourth of July, Our private lives are over. If we survived, then It is nothing but to avenge the enemy. The day I visited the camp, the doctor was absent. Super Lee that went to the headquarters, to prove to the commanders oil The necessity to attack the German garrison in Drezien And avenge the shedding of shed Jewish blood. - This is the one and only fulfilling thought Our hearts, in which we live, --- the partisans told me Atlas' company. Blood under blood! September 8, 1942 When I returned to my camp, I found that all the tools were Zim and loaded in carts. The gang is ready to leave On the way. - We're moving to a new place, - Herschel told me, I knew that according to the war tactics of the Teizan The camp occasionally moves to the scene Other. Therefore, I was not surprised. This was done on my behalf Security. Steps coming to and from the camp Turn the paths leading to the camp to Der- Paved seas, while the Germans walked in them Were to run into us suddenly. Also the farmers nearby Place were not most loyal to us. Were not lacking Among them informers, who maintain contact with the Germans, Indeed, it was difficult to hide the camp's location From the people in the immediate area, and especially from the boys- The shepherds, who bring their flocks to the pastures Sepo Darzain Heavy. Even the peasants, often following In their carts chopping wood, they would occasionally come across In an unexpected guard of partisans. And though to Now we were attacking the Germans and causing They have damages that are not in line with our rate of argument, and they They did not know what we were saying and were filled with fear of the bone The thought of entering the woods - we did not even bother For a moment we are distracted from the fact that we are In the neck of the enemy. Danger lurks for us brothers Often. Although ,. The camp is in a convenient location, but Which has been in it for too long. Hence guys were sent To order us a new place, and when it was restored, the order was given To move. The new place is in the Borolom Forest. We have made progress Slowly, with the intention of getting to the road we were on Cross late in the evening. At night we arrived at the place Intended for the camp, Tired from the road I was late getting up the next day. In the camp Life is already buzzing. The boys set up the tents, The cook was walking as usual around the buckets, the warehouse Was fixed again in a branch-arbor. Only the firs The handsome, upright-floor, which I have just seen in place of trees- The birch proved to me, that indeed in a new place I am Found, In this forest, at another point, is also found; The families "of the Jews of Derchin refugees. First I went to visit them. Since my last visit there have been many changes in the camp, It was felt that the people had come to terms with their disaster. Ruled Totally the conversations about the massacre. This camp had no military form. Sukkot The branches that served as a residence for the people, were scattered; The people were divided into groups-groups, and in all One several families. Each group, which included several Dozens of people, she would cook her food separately, Foods were limited here, unlike at The partisans. I also found here old men and children, who survived The massacre. Here and there Jews were seen standing in prayer. As in Atlas' company, there were many here, too. Old and young, who sought to avenge the candle- Pure. Some people have already made weapons for them. For the most part They would buy it from the peasants for their brother pennies. Runes, from the few who managed to take them with them in their womb; Sepo Darzain Some rifles were also given to them by the partisans, During this visit I felt signs of awakening In the camp. - Dr. Atlas is coming! - An acquaintance told me In a meaningful voice. I was finally given a chance to see the map- The Jew bowed, whose name had already become famous in the forests. I watched him. The big horn-rimmed glasses on His nose testified more to the doctor in me than to The partisan commander. His face was very young, his body Tamir, his features and head match: his eyes are as strong as Lut, favors. His hair is auburn and curly. His legs were Slightly curved, his steps small, and in daily life- Day was not his most safe gait (not so at the time The battle. But I found out later). Often Laughter lit up his lips, and then there were the lips Rising and revealing white, rhythmic teeth. That not-in-battle-time he would speak aloud to Aram, but Clear and convincing. When he was wondering about something, He put on his glasses and raised his eyebrows He was wearing poor military uniforms; Back-boots The sea at his feet, larger than his size, and sometimes it was The diaper sticks out of the boot. Compared to his attire which- Oh fancy, was armed from head to toe. He He also carried with him a submachine gun for seventy bullets, which he had So expensive-reality in the woods, also gun-nagan, shelter- Substitute for submachine gun, military leather satchel, And grenade heads were protruding from his shirt pockets. Atlas warmly addressed the children gathered To see him. Then he waved his hand to the people, to the signal That he seeks to speak to them: there was silence. - Jews! Called Atlas, and now we're changed Both his voice and his face. The look of tenderness is gone, prison There was. He narrowed his eyebrows, and his voice was Cutter: - Can I take ten people from you To my company. I have weapons for them. Thousands of our brothers Who were killed by missiles on us a great debt. The company that I am She is headed by a desperate company. "We. All The members of the company, see ourselves as "lost" ("Lost"). In our hearts another thought except To the thought of revenge. Which of you is willing to go after me! I barely squeezed between the people and approached Dr. Atlas, surrounded by dozens of volunteers. I presented the tree- Who and I begged him to turn to the headquarters please 545 Transfer me to his company. I returned to my camp, fascinated by the figure of the commander The Jew and I have hope in my heart to join his camp. Several days passed without any special events, And suddenly, on the seventh of August, a young man came to our camp Riding a horse, by the partisan staff. Our commander Carefully read the letter brought by p We felt that something important was about to happen. Vania ordered me and Herschel to get ready to go. We must go out with him to action, and immediately, while the gang It's all out in two hours in full ammunition, Under Kolya's command to the designated place. After we left, Vania told us that in If to the headquarters order, he must get for a certain period of time The command of a group of Jewish refugees. I And Herschel became his third. On the way we passed a group of partisans, who Scattered in the forest. The boys had a machine gun Heavy. - These are the partisans across the river that came out- Re, - Vanya explained to us. We finally reached our destination, the refugee camp The Jews, Here I must mention one detail of life in the city- Ruth: Important information is spreading in the forest about what- Ruth-Flash. There was a great awakening among the Jews. One of my acquaintances told me that since this morning- Sotheque in the Barolom all the Parthian companies. In This is because preparing for a mission is very important. " And Anya commanded us, Ali and Hershel, to arrange Immediately a combat unit among the people capable of carrying Weapons, and ordered her to prepare for the journey. Oh! - Only a few had guns: the hands of the majority of the an- Put were empty. When the elders saw what was happening, Excitement arose within them. And here came out one old man, Shalkovich by name, a shoemaker from Darzain, approached us In a vigorous step, a thick stick in his hand, and said: - We know where you are headed. We too Our place is there. There we can also replace the stick For the most part, And they started begging Vania to take them too. The headquarters are nearby, Vania set out to Advice. After returning, he assembled another unit, from Wine in sticks, 346 The women parted quietly over their husbands, the parents Above their sons. And again we set off. There was It was already dusk when we reached the clearing The great. Partisan companies stood by the fires. Nim. In the distance I saw Dr. Atlas in my head His company,. Getting ready to leave the place. I approached him. Dr. Atlas handed over the box First aid Bella said: You will be a nurse of mercy. And to his warriors he said n-- Know friends, we're going into battle! Commander-in-Chief, Boris Bolat, approached us, Riding his horse, accompanied by staff members. This Boris, our hands lost to him at the front: though Accordingly he was also now an excellent slinger. He gams We have a short speech: - Today, guys, - he said, - given to you The opportunity to take revenge on the Nazis. Early morning Our united partisan companies were bowed down. Here about Darchin. We walked in silence, each man immersed in his thoughts. Passed Exactly two weeks from the day of the massacre in Darchen. Our feet Established in the Great Ostrobothnia. In the head went Our commander, Vania Zaitseb, with the compass in his hand. At three in the morning we finally reached The church at the edge of town. The commander ordered We must lie down on the ground. From the side, in the wing Left and right, people's shadows were seen, the sky too They made their way towards the town. They also lay under- Them. These are the companies of Dr. Atlas and Our voice --- explained to us and a ship in a whisper. On Atlas personnel were instructed to secretly eliminate the guards The Germans on this side of town. She is surrounded by all Hebrew by our people. The telephone connection is also It must have been cut off already. In addition, there are large forces- To our sea in ambush, on the part of Zulu and salons. At four o'clock the signal should be given to open The battle - informed us a runner from the headquarters, who came to us Crawling on a belly button In the distance was the silhouette of a mill. There is a name The mass grave of hundreds of Jews who were shot by The Nazis. It seemed to me that my ears were shouting- The whining and howling of the murdered. The sound of gunfire stopped The hallucinatory. Boris Bullat's call was heard: Book Thirty - Guys, for battle! In the name of the homeland! From the side, from a place where Atlas' company was found, Another command came: Jews, come on! In the name of our loved ones! It was exactly four o'clock. Dawn. From- The gunshots began to rumble, the ground shaking To the sound of grenades exploding. Tra-ta-ta-ta! - Heavy heavy-duty machine gun. Forward forward, Shooters were present. Passage of the building used as a station The gendarmerie responded with shots. The sun is already up Illuminated in full light as we took a position behind me The houses, right in front of the station. From the upper floor window- He fired a strip of bullets from a heavy machine gun Her balls. I asked Vania for permission to act on opinion Myself. A moment later I was standing in front of the house, in it Found; "Auxiliary Police" ("Auxiliary Police"). Note- Rim from Atlas' company took the hut out of the hut The Biolurus policemen, servants of the German Gym. The policemen walked pale and trembling, their hands Raised up and their eyes reflect the horror of death. From the side I saw Yekutiel Khmelnitsky, machine- Shot in his hand, his head wild, blood dripping from his nose, his shirt Torn, his pants sloppy, and he laughs a wild laugh And reads in Biolorussian: - Eh, good for you, eh? I joined the Atlas people, and together with them we went out The cops to the square in front of the mill. They were shot and fell to the ground, where they had murdered before Two weeks our loved ones. Afterwards we returned to the gendarmerie station. There A fierce battle ensued. On the way I saw the two brothers Baranowski from the refugee camp, carrying wounded In stretchers. The shoemaker Shalkowitzi, who went into battle With a cane in his hand, he now held a new German submachine gun. With an excited face he told me what had happened: When Yodel and Ephraim Baranowski arrived in town, Run immediately towards the residence of the living economy officer- Manny. On the day of the massacre, this killer killed them Their only sister and their elderly parents. Now come Revenge time. Although they had no weapons, the seam- The brothers' order for his apartment. The German managed to injure the Both have yet to fall from the bullet of one of the partisans. We decided to burn down the town houses, so as not to Dresen sofa You will be able to live close to Hilimtsev. We threw grenades- Incendiary to the houses. They came under fire. The houses They would come out crying towards us, falling to their knees And beg for their property. But our people did not notice For supplications. And some would reply: We have none either All. And quite a bit of our blood you drank .. And our own Jews, who had their own houses in trouble. Re, felt to burn them with their own hands. On each side were taken policemen taken captive; These The flour mill was shot, as mentioned, in Shelfagi Square. All The defense points were eliminated, except for the large building Where the gendarmerie was fortified. The Germans praised Having no choice, they stood their ground and fought Poured out, Suddenly a group of guys burst into a gate The Gendarmerie House. I knew the Atlas people in them, I ran after them too. Reading, cheers! * We entered To the corridor of the building, from which the gendarmes added Ruth his son. One German was seen on the stairs upstairs The ground. There is the sound of an exploding grenade. On the floor, In a puddle of blood, some Manshin were defeated Among them I knew the face of Herschel Zlotogura. We took out The dead and wounded to the street. The battle continued. The gendarmes continued to hold Status. The house was a fortified stone house, and in vain We tried to set it on fire from the outside. Next to the house stood Boris Bullet the commander, and by him a Jewish partisan, Abraham Koplowicz. This Abraham was a constant thrower Molotov cocktails upstairs, to the gendarme room, But here came our own scouts and announced that Maslow- Nim and Mazlawa approach large German forces To the aid of the gendarmes. Sound of a trumpet - A signal for withdrawal. It was seven o'clock. From a distance they were seen People are fleeing, - Ours, open the prison doors, - One of the partisans called us. Meanwhile, the boys loaded the weapons onto the carts And the booty that fell next to us. Dr. Atlas and Bella treated Wounded in devotion. After their wounds were bandaged Temporary dressing, loaded into carts and taken out of place. The doctor walked beside them, and even the seriously injured did not They almost took a rudder out of their mouths, did not sigh - if Because the heat of the cube lives on in them longer, and if because The training they gave their doctor, who did not touch them, 587 As we left town I lingered for a few moments On the square in front of the flour mill. On the ground were Dozens of dead policemen are lying: revenge for ... On the road leading to the forest stood masses of peasants, Who went out to welcome us and were respectful Us at home, in white bread and pancakes. So are we We were happy with the results of the battle. We knew that was the end of it To the German garrison in Drzein. The first hunt August 4, 1942 A few days later they started coming to the forests Information on the results of the victory. The German army, Who came from salons to the aid of the gendarmes, found the The town is full of flames. The policemen were mostly killed; The survivors emerged from their hiding places after The partisans drove away and dispersed in panic to all four Spirits. The same Bioloruses and Poles also fled Who served as officials of the German administration. Apart from the killed policemen, five others were killed Germans and six were seriously wounded. The Germans Get their wounded on cars and get out carefully From the town. After the elimination of the corps, the situation in Darzein was all The rope is free. The news of the partisan's victory Nimes spread over tens and hundreds of miles Around. The spoils of victory were also of great value: weapons A rabbi and German food depots fell into our hands In particular. I once again visited the Dr. Atlas Company camp And I talked to the guys. They were most happy about The weapon taken from the enemy immediately. Yekutiel Khmelnitsky At the time, he was brushing a fallen machine gun In his hands in battle. Mashrani called me: "Shmuel, Shmuel, what do you think, Mashinka" (Tongue-small, m, "machine" - machine) The new My! Beautiful? What! During the battle some of the guys, these were enough Who were at one time members of the secret organization in Dresif To take out there the weapons that lie in the ground, of course That it made them happy. And with all this difficult To say, that the feeling of revenge comes to his satisfaction. Indeed Dr. Atlas made, with his boys, plans for the continuation of the struggle, 548 That evening our spirit was shaken by the death of David Dombrowski, who was seriously injured. Before his death Called him his younger brother, Nyoma. In a low voice, Almost in a whisper, he said to his brother: - Nyoma, I died prematurely; I did not deliver More revenge on them, in the tyrants, these little ones. Remember, You must avenge my revenge. The next day the funeral was held. In the forest, under A tall oak tree, on the mother of the road, was dug a pit, and died Was brought for burial. We stuck a peg in the ground and attached to it Small board bearing address:; David Dombrowski, Born in 1912, he fell in battle with the Germans. " No one cried. Only here and there were punches seen Springy, Two weeks after the battle of Darzain, on the twenty-sixth In August, with the hawk today, everything was called to the camp Ours: The Rangers we sent back and announced, that forces Great Germans came to our surroundings, and they Preparing to hunt down the partisans. Immediately came out- Take a quick step towards the Shachara River. According to plans Our headquarters should have probably reached Cross the river and hide there in the Great Ruda forests- To the sea. It was clear that there was no point in going out on our own The poor for an open battle with the Germans, who are surpassing us Ten times their number and equipped with tanks and strawberries- Haim. The day was already bright when we got to the bushes The thickets on the river bank. From the beach came then- Nino the voices of the Germans. Their muffled growls Of the tanks and trucks proved, that we are close Most to the oppressor. Across the Borealom Forest There were loud shots, We took a stand. It was clear to us that we were surrounded By the enemy. The shots coming from the thickets of trees They testified that the Germans did enter the forest. Place Our presence now was dangerous, but one degree He had: It was hard for the Nazis to imagine Because partisans are hiding in the bushes. At any moment, our own, weary scouts would come Duchamp Book And tired of wheelbarrow. The information they brought was not to To rejoice. The Germans took over all the surrounding villages, And made judgments in the peasants. Their main forces lived Beer. Pavel Bullock's team is under siege, And the shots that reach our ears are the echoes of the battle that is taking place On her. We lay and peered through the bushes. We saw Germans, Wearing steel helmets on their heads, marching from the meadow Re small tank on the river bank. At any moment Might have felt a son It was evident, however, in the Germans, who were also in prison In fear; They would constantly read aloud: --- Oh, lists, surrender! Towards evening the roar of the tanks stopped, they stopped The shootings. The Germans withdrew. Now they have arrived To us the guys from Bullock's company, are tired And sweaty. They participated in the battle throughout the day, And barely crossed the river. Soon we were too On the other bank of the Shachara River. Night fell When the Great Ruda Forest hid us. The next day I learned details about the day battles the- Opposite. The Germans found the Jewish refugee camp- Dim. The farmers of the area have found their place! Only Few managed to escape. Most of them were destroyed, also tortured Cruelly at the hands of the Nazis. While Bo-'s company Luck won. In this battle he excelled especially as a Jew One, Yosef Mairovich, who rolled into our seats As a refugee from Poznan. During the battle he climbed up A tall tree, and though the balls did not stop Saliva in his ears, did not move away, and was informed of position- His observation of the points from which machines operate- The shot of the hater and from which side the gram- Nim. The Germans retreated, carrying several dozen with them Wounded and killed. Ten Jews fell in this battle Darzein refugees, who joined his company over time Of Bullock. (From the book, Doctor Atlas Company) Duchamp Book 549 Lost the whole family in the woods / Gutke Salutsky-Bayarsky The forest breathed with death, that Looked at us from all sides On the first day My dad is, along with me and mine Brother Moshe, away in a partisan Atriad. The mother with the two small children, Beile and Abraham, remained in, Semei- Take stock. "We put them to food, After a month in the woods we had Passed the first bloody German ab- Love. I just slept through that night The mothers in family camps. The mother Woke up and we- Tell her you came to her dream Younger brother Hirschl and said to her: "Flee, you will be killed!" This is how it really happened. It have ours Lodger attacked Litwiner, with large dogs. Out of fear we were left lying, my mother, Me, my little sister and brother. With We also had Neche Yankel-Arya's with us Her girl. Fyshen, the husband and father, Have lost them in the way, and they are safe Seemed that he was no longer alive. So lie me All until they come to him and cry Out: "Hende hoch!" We put on The CGI, with the hands in the high. They lift Without shooting. The first bullet hits my mom Out of fear we all fall together. I lie On my moms body. I hear like these Murderers say we're all dead already, They sow away. In forest without the mothers I'm still lying for a while and I feel, That someone still lives for me. I lift myself up On and see my little brother a life- Thick, but his face is covered with blood from Our mothers. I strongly urge myself, wishing him out His face and embrace him, being confident That only he lived with me here I hear my sister's weak voice: "I live too", All three of us sit around Mom's dead Body Listen Learn. Neche with her girl lie too Dead lem us. We do not know what to do And where to go. Of fathers and of greater Brother we know nothing, but deep in Hearts believe me they are alive It falls to night. The sister said A wound from a bullet in hand. We take ourselves Go, not knowing where the perverted eyes are And habit legs carry us. We're leaving Take a walk and sit down - for now We understand our misfortune: we did Lost our mothers. We sit comfortably and cry. Sometimes Hearing with footsteps, someone walks through forest. I say to the children: Let us ask who It's going there, we have nothing to lose Lose. Maybe these are ours? " I thought I was going there Ours, we will know nowhere with her Depressed. And if these are Germans - Let our songs come to an end. A miracle happened that they were Jews Schmerl with his two children. We ask Wherever he goes, he says he wants to Crossing the shchare, he thinks that the Partisans fled there. We beg him He should take us, and he agreed. We've been up all night. In the morning Let's sit on the other side of the bar. It's hot, the sun is burning. My sister Be weak, and I do not have anything to deal with. Minter Listen Learn. We send the infants up for grabs A few berries, so I can have what it is 550 To give the sister in the mouth. They go Away and come back soon for us They say that partisans go there by road. First Aid from Dr. Atlas I run there, to the road. My joy is Not to mention when I was there Moshe Chaim with Dr. Atlas They've about my sister. Dr. Atlas is coming To and gives you first aid. He says Oung: Go fast, not far from here stand The partisans, with them there is a doctor And he will know what to do with it Sisters Wound ". I was so overwhelmed by the bug- Gently I forgot to ask about mine Father and brother, but Moshe-Haim tells me, That she lives and they are on that point, Along with the partisans. They say una, We should go that faster in that direction To the partisan camp, as it were It gets dark, the partisans gather Going into another forest, We strode with quick steps, happy That we had this father and greater Brother Listen Learn. It is impossible to describe ours Meeting with them. We all cried, From pain after the mother, from the miracle that Left us, the three children, alive. My sister is being taken to hospital. I Going to my seminary with my brother The older brother, Moshe, is worried Us with food. He often goes on "Zadanias", Fights against the Germans, takes revenge Spilled blood, From time to time, before going on a, zada- "New", he comes to us saying goodbye Sometimes he comforts me: Weep not, my goodness Will come back. I have seen ours Moms in dream, she told me that I Let him take revenge on the Germans Murderer, and yet she tells me that I will Come back. "Don't cry, my sister." I lose everyone I can not forget the last goodbye Book Thirty With brother. Before leaving on a heavy He came to see me at work. Genen Listen Learn. He cried and told me Learn: Who knows if we will follow See ". I have not seen my brother before. This was in 1942. Soon after Came a great blast of the enemy Our forest. I with fathers and with little ones Brother are together. We know nothing, That is with the little bile that finds Himself in hospital. We hear nothing about Our brother Moses, We run in forest from place to place. When The avalanche is ending, we are all coming Together. We're still wondering about Mishtach - Everyone has seen him, but no one knows Where he is. Everyone says about Forest Hospital, That he is in order, but about the Sisters, we still know nothing. So. Going away day after day., One night I dreamed that I was At home and go to the schoolyard. It's coming We meet Baba and ask her why I cry. She says to me: You have lost yours Moms, but you're not the only one. It There are thousands in your situation. But after Brother and after Sister Wein not, she Live. You will soon see the sisters, however You will not see this brother. In the morning I tell Leah's dream Losers, with whom we dwell in one Zemlanke. We sit like this and talk sometimes Come run to Dad and cry to me From the outside: Come soon, good, bail is Came! " Imagine my joy when I have Seeing my sister come back with a Whole, healed hand! But on the way She froze a leg. But my joy did not last long. A little while later the Germans did Caught a little toy angel and him Forced to lead them into the forest, to the Book Thirty Partisans. We hear a shooting and know Not what to do. As usual we run to The group of partisans - and fall into it The Germans in hand, I've seen the death of my sister and Brother Listen Learn. I say after the father: We have No longer the children. "The father tells me: "Soon we will also be Gita" A few minutes later, the father of a Bullet, I see all my dear ones lying dead before My eyes. I run, run, I hear that I'm still running. I see that this in a Stiff of Derechin. He handed me, caught We - he is a German policeman, But I know him, I have along with Taught him in one class. I beg him to come, let me live To balance. He replies that he does not know me And that all Jews must die. He means Let's take him to the camp. I lift Without going and thinking that I am going to camp Do not carry him, there are certainly Jews there The old and the weak who have no power give Had to flee - he will do it all Shoot. I decide not to go further. I fall On snow and say: Shoot me, I can Next do not go! ". He shoots out into mine Direction An entire disc with coals. I lie and Do not move. He's sure I'm dead, And walks away with his colleagues. I lift myself up On and know not whether I am dead, or I live, Alone in Forest of the Dead I stand thus alone in greatness, with Snow-covered forest, which is now full With dead, with shocked Jewish fathers, Mothers and children. Everything around is dead. The night is bright, but I am fine- Ter in the eyes, in head, in hearts. This Was the darkest night of mine Live. 551 I walk, not knowing where my legs are dragging We. I follow tracks in snow. And come An back in camp. I find all there People, who remained on the spot And not ran in anywhere. The Germans are Did not come to camp. Only me, I with My dearest, ran the angel- Death in the hands entered. So I was left alone with a Large, extended family. It is possible Destined to be one of our family Let life survive, to tell about death Of the whole family? Perhaps is inevitable Was that there should remain a male of ours Family? Me with my husband and with our two Dear children, hold the thread from afar, Dear Derechin. We want our town And our saints have not forgotten. Perished in forest Sime Shelovsky, Love Miller, Mirl Agulgic 5352 Sepo Darzain Save yourself with the kids / instrument ace I, Kayle Azaf, would like to describe the gray Storytelling story, how I coped Will with both children, may we be well, Of the horrible deaths which have befallen us Prepared the German assassin, Yamh Shmm. I write these memoirs in memory of me Husband Moshe Azaf zl, who fell in Forest like a hero a partition, after all He took revenge without the murderer. The book tells a lot Jews of our town, I also want the- Tell about my husband, peace be upon him. Was He spent his whole life without a worker and did Hailing from a working class family. We have All praised with him. He was Seen in "old wall", in which he Has died. There died, as you You know, Rabbi Bakalchuk et al. My husband was a good worshiper, On Rosh Hashanah he prayed Musaf, Yom-Ki- Pur - all vows. I had him many times Loaded in other schools not one of Our Derechiner remembers well, with what Fara taste and with that Fara voice He used to stand and pray Musaf, as such The eyes of the worshipers used to be full With tears, when my husband had buried this I'm really poor. The family Azaf, of which I am Was a cord, was twisted and Lived in Derechin of 3 or 4 generations. We lived on the market. So did Our lives dragged on until it was over- Rochen beginning September 1939 the second World war. We all remember the last few weeks Before the outbreak of the war, when the po- Lock have mobilized very many men in Army entered. It is not possible to describe these Crying and crying of the mothers and Women, with their children, in those days. The German started soon Bomb cities and towns, and un- Zer Derechin also became strong Determined. We used to run in the field in the afternoon. The one that is farther from town, and Come back at night. It came first- This year, people are going to pray, too To settle - and then suddenly Appeared A cloud of airplanes and A A hail of coal fell on him Our heads. People were running everywhere The eyes have widened With a ride days later fled- Thick Polish military man takes over Romance the Jewish houses, and only thanks This xiondz is the pogrom contained Became, after some fell Victims. We were lying hidden in The cellars - The women with the children, - And the men were awake, keeping watch JEWISH HOUSES AND HOB-AND-GOODS FOR THE Polish soldiers, who have whole Nights drawn with long oboes to the east- Thick border of Poland. From here the fear of death freed us The Soviet Army. We picked them up- People with joy, with flowers and fruits. Gradually a new one was introduced Arrangement, with new methods. This life is It was not easy, but it was Gradually get used to it. Worse in Was the position of the bezhences, which Arrived no derechin from the cities Held by the Germans. Jews have ever Done to help them, she relented Rooms for living, but they are obviously Sepo Darzain Were like trees uprooted with the word- Plots of land. The Soviets reported who it was Wants to return to the hometowns, needs Register. Have actually registered Many things. In a certain winter, Frosty Saturday morning we heard Crying and shouting --- on the market It turned out to be a lot of fun, engaging Facts with the benefits and with a part Christian pomeshchikes. I have a Dispatched the prescribed on return Home --- Cain Siberia, We then had sympathy with the pre- Shikte, obeu weeping was needed The fate of us all, of the over- Remained in Derechin. In the 41st year, summer, arrived The German assassin. Their first descent Soon drove out all the Jews. They they- Certainly we were all ready to leave. But the Soviets did just that. People bomb Derechin, and the murderer They fled, not even knowing where they were To run. So we were saved from the first Fire, but from then on began For us the German hell. A A series of decrees began, One worse than the other. About this Sad life ours during the German Occupation have already written all their- Chinese who had passed through the ghetto. Who can forget that first of May, this Date when the gendarmerie met- The families of those people who Returned from Fuzowicz camp! Fathers, mothers and children are gone He was shot behind the city and shot Became. This was the first slaughter In Derechin. The gruesome stories are told later. Come one after another. Until then 553 Came the terrible day of the gray- Sir slaughter, the tenth day in Ob. We Have hidden, around 50 persons, in Concealment behind basement. The first Today, the killers were strong. Take and have not sought strongly in the Basements. But spent that day in un- Be secretive, with fear that every minute Can one find us and drag us to the Griber; Be so informed, be afraid To breathe, perhaps one will hear of Above; Have nothing to breathe with Narrow, dark basement - that was an Experience, hard to forget to this day Tick ​​day, We barely survived the night. We Have known that if we stay on Place, we will be found in the morning, it Therefore there is nothing to lose. We Are all out of hiding, Pierced silence by A part of Dead-deserted, shattered ghetto, where there is none There was no living soul, and away with it The fields, by mud and roads, lie- Thick day in high corn and sleepy At night with unknown lanes and Weekly - until we are three days away Stray arrived at the slier well- The. It took a while Until we met on the party- Zone-group of bullocks. In the forest we arrived at Ointment- Fourth, my husband and I and our two Children. Out of the woods we came out. Bedrit, without my husband etc. He fell In battle, When we arrived at the party- Zaner, had us hired by the commander Bullock with words of consolation:, The cities are German, but the forests are ours "- He said. He gave the men Guns and doing exercises with them, they ge- Learn to use a weapon. At night 554 Used to pass them in the neighboring villages, bdi To bring from there food. The men were once weighed: I have to go to battle tonight, But you shall not tell your wives, "Because they want to cause trouble." I knew where the men were taking me Say goodbye to my husband. He is gone With all the partisans who were attacked The German with his accomplice, the foli- Tithes, in Derechin. They have killed A little bit beaten and came back With many tropics. Of the Derechiner Battle is my husband came A living. But a few weeks later the Germans had Made an avalanche on the forest. Almost a Half of those who escaped The Derechin massacre perished In the bubble. Among them is also um- Came my dear husband, after him Has fought bravely and took revenge without The Assassin. I was left a widow with mine Two children, in a forest, under a bush, Naked and hungry. We have ourselves below Mated, along with whole semen Camp. The partisans fled after the attack Derechin had many provinces, which They were brought from the German magazines. We, the seminary camp, have ordered them Go to the potato fields, which the Peasants had sown for the Germans. I did Gave us as armed men two armed men Partisans and We Traveled in a Lab Sow yard dig potato. There I have Happened well-known peasants, one of her Told me that his son, a partisan, Was sent to bury the fighters, Who perished during the German Oblave, the son knew my husband and He told that along with others Partisan is also my husband confirmed Became. But I never had his grave Book Thirty Not seen. I did well again- Crying, even though I did not wake up the whole time- Heard to cry, knowing the wound was still Fresh been. The farmer and his wife got me- Rice, gave me a loaf of bread and a Ready to cover yourself at night. So I Arise and speak with them, coming to others Peasants and tell that the German is Back entered no derechin, 3 km From where I was and be We advise you to flee as soon as possible. I took a run. A dog is me Attacks and bruises, blood came from me Happened - and I ran with the last Forces. I arrived in field, where I left the other women. - But no one had been there before. I stand thus alone in field,. This way I do not know about the camp. I think that here Will be my end, the Germans want me Catch and shoot on the spot. But the children, What will happen to them? I ran from field and passed Until the lozenges mud. There I am Lying under a bush until nightfall. The whole Last night I wandered off, in the morning I did I saw that I was in the same place. Am I continued to sit up all day, in awe Had to move from place to place. The second night I went through fields again and Mud. Yesterday I met a GI I almost cried for fear. The Foyer asked me who I was And whence came I unto them? He reassured me, saying he did Knew my husband and we showed the way Entered forest. He accompanied me No forest, we were told to wait There the day and night let themselves in Enter, until a certain village. I have Thanked him and blessed, because he is Sent to me by God Like an angel to save me and show me this Book Thirty Way to my kids. In that village I met for- Teaser. They have led me on theirs Weigh 10 kilometers, after a few kilos Meters I walked on foot, until I am Approached a partisan camp. It's hot Happened a miracle that the commander of the Group knew me and the whole msh- And a day earlier he had been in My camp and heard from my kig- The that that I am already a few days gone And I do not know if I live. He called Give me food and let me rest. A ride Jewish girls from the group have We left early in the morning for ours My camp, to my children. I need not describe to you the joy Of the children, when they saw me a Living. They lasted 4 days in a row In one cry, not eaten, not slept. The people have not been able to pay much attention Sorrow. Now everyone is happy with it Me - and I was happy, holding My children in the arms. In the same evening, all the groups of the Local forests across the shchare and Settles in the dense forests of Volie and dobrushchine. When I come to- Rick a day later, I would have been None of this happened in our previous one Forest, In the new forest they were divided Our seminary camp on two and self Started preparing for winter, because it was over Took good rain. Everyone ate Tare to dig out a roll. A couple of months later it happened again An oblave. Hard to describe our troubles And fine while running from force 1-8 days Over the welder, follow chariots and horsemen, Do not lose track of the pre- Teaser, no food, no drink, no sleep - Just run and run and run in the frost- Tike days and nights. When we're back 555 Arrived at our roll, got me Seen,. That very much of semenem camp Perished, among them also whole Less. With half-frozen hands and feet We lay in the cell for long days. Lanke. Everyone around was sick, tired, Shade with scabies and lice. With us being Been along the Bitenskes, have they us Helped, cooked us a ride of potatoes Juices that I had prepared. Until there was another uproar The bakery, A mile from us. The biteskes fled, me, I with The children, have not been able to run with us- Zere frozen legs, - we have ourselves Hidden in snow, under a bush, sat And weep all the things that are soon to come Without our end: When the shooting stopped, they did We ourselves realized that the Bitenskes, besides Moses, they were all killed. S'hat We did not believe that thanks to ours We survived on sick feet So we also lost the family Bitensky, the only one left Of my husband Queens. People around are Fell like the flies. Every attack has Cost many human lives. And how many died in the forest of Hunger and typhus? Also mine Children were sick, lying in bed Great fever without a doctor, without medicines, without Eat - Soak up some borax water Their dry lips. And I Take care of them and other children, For orphans, some were left in the woods Alone, without anyone. Thus we were saved from death, What has happened to us daily, By all means, in every corner. I'm sir Not on thanking the upper who He saved my children and me, Until we arrived in our country. 556 Sepo Darzain In Partisans "Atriad" / Yehudit Yankelevich-Lantsevitsky In the Wallier Forest, where we Come on, we met a group of Dere- Chinese Jews, among them Elie Lifshovich With the surname. We have no weapons Had, and the next morning we took a walk To the share. On the other side River Were partisans that we have He was first arrested by police. The pre- Tysaner have us transferred the shchare On a Farom. We were admitted to a non-organ- Zirt group, which had weapons. D Group had a temporary assignment To obtain food, clothing, arms and self-reliance When of the Germans. Then we have the Know about a second partisan group In slits, and we were crossing there. There I found my brother, Tuvia Lantsevitsky, and I can present mine Luckily, because I did not even know that He survived. A little while later we had, together With other partisan platoon, Durb- Led this great attack on Derechin. Much has been written about this, And I did not add anything. During the Assault on the murderer of our dere- Chinese brothers and sisters have fallen Some are partisans and some are also prosperous. There were not a few. But the successful Assault has brought very important results- Tatans for the Partisan Movement in On- Zer area. Creativity has taken over Forest organized divisions (; platoon). My brother and I are off in one Platoon, originally named Abra- Moves atriad, and later - collars. In This platoon I was until the end of The war. I worked in kitchen. My Brother died as partisan of This platoon during the battle at the helm Forest, which after you has taken the place Became and were captured around 0 policemen, a large part is through We were shot. My brother is still The battle left wounded Stock entered. He lived two days, And then he expired, not receiving No medical assistance. Our platoon used to be based In the vicinity of Lipichansker Pushche, Departing from his bases on various- Dene tasks in the area. Maine Bro- The Tuvia, who was around two Year active in a camp-group and has himself Excellent in various battles and at Reduce not one train of the enemy, is Killed three months before the release And did not live to see the German defeat, There were still frequent visitors to the area. Partisan lungs with which we used to live Collaborate. The Germans often did Oblaves on the Partisan Forces in Forest, and there were embittered Fight between us and the enemy that used to Surround our forests, that we may not be moved. Spend. Such was the fall-time of 1943 Our camp was surrounded by the Germans from all sides. The enemy has augs Attacked with strong powers and with a Strong fire from his artillery. The situation Became very critical. We had to Leave the logger. The men are gone The first, the women were left alone, Until 2 partisans arrived from Komarovus Rote. We followed them And joined without their group. Went We are in the direction of Baranovich, Book Thirty And we finally managed to get out From the enemy's encirclement. We take care of ourselves Moves at night, unnoticed by the Germans And their local accomplices. In an earlier bombing, the Germans Surround the sliver forests and much Derechiner of the family camps are Fell alive into the hands of The murderers. The Germans dragged them away No derechin, bound with prickly Wire, and there everyone killed In a bestial manner. With such awful Many were killed. Chiner. The beginning of 1944 appeared in ours Welder Soviet paratroopers, and tired Could have been a little safer mid-life. Anti-Semitism has virtually disappeared, Which was widespread in the Partisan platoon and us not provided Few pain, fear and sacrifice. On a clear summer day in 1944 We had a bright morning In forest regular divisions of Soviet 557 Army, which brought us the ba- Exemption. Together with a few other women (among them Also Leah Princess, with whatever I have Staying close all the time in the woods) I'm out of the woods. I arrived No derechin, to our house. The men Were soon taken into the army, and A large part of them fell during the Battles for Bialystok, near the town of Swiss- Latch. I took twins working in Derechin, after picking up my new car, Which a farmer hid. December 4 I left our town and Am moved no slums. In Derechin Only a few families remained. After working around one and a half years in Slonim, in which they were then grouped Around 20 Jews, I am with my husband Moshe Yankelevich leaves Russia, Ari- Traveled to Poland, from there to Qin Germany, where I arrived in 1949- Come to America. Two of the whole family / Moshe Kwiat In Derechin there was a ghetto and an Labor Department. Me and my family - With my wife, three sons and one daughter - Have lived in the barracks, in in Room with three additional families. Over a wall Lived after two Jewish families, But in the same building were Also Gentiles, and therefore we have not ge- Can prepare sachets to order Hide in the bitter hour, which has Had to arrive every day. For the time we were in The barracks I'm once up on Attic and found out they were there There are two floor plans, between which sizes Remained A narrow foster place. I have Decide that in the event of a disaster will I send there both older children, they Should hide there. Into forest entered could have escaped only Lonely people, without a family, because the Germans everywhere killed whole masses. Less, of which there is someone off to the Partisans. Only when it came Terrible slaughter day is all about Tevete, about 200 derechiners, away in Forest. Out living from the forests are Around 60 Jews from our town, 558 We were all depressed and the Click. From time to time we care for the Well-known Gentiles tell that in the and In those of the neighboring towns and cities- All Jews were killed. Are We sat and waited on our bitterness Fate. And the sad day came, of Dawn without issue to us complemented the Shooting. And immediately I saw ba Every window of our built stone Belarusian police. I soon Sending my two older children she should Hid on attic, but the Older son is back down - he has Failed to enter double Floor entered. The second son is there Remained hidden. The Belarusians have taken us driving to Car and hit us with the freewheels. Seeing that our end is coming. I have With my eldest son, and with yet another ride People from the families that lived With us in the barracks, took run From car to the fields. The Germans have Us pursued and to my great misfortune Have their coals hit my son, and he Fell before my eyes. I am Continued running, not knowing where to go Turn. So I got in the car. Double-field of one A farmer and I am There departs from 6 early until around 10 in Evening, I'm out of my closet at night. Tennis and took lips to the woods. I was confused and shuddered This great misfortune with my son and from the Thoughts about my wife's fate with these Two children and of my son who was born Hidden in the closets on the attic. I was so lost at night I hid in the fields and by day In rye. I was already sure then that Sepo Darzain My wife and two other children are Perished. After the Jews were taken away To the grave my second son appeared From his hiding place and away into Volier Forest. There he was admitted In platoon of Doctor Atlas. I have But from this not known, until the pre- Titanic attack on enemy in Derechin. After straying for three days and three nights I arrived at Ozhorker Forest. I met a lot of them there Our Derechins, up to the Russian party- Zaner met us, gave us two Revolvers to defend themselves, and the Mainly so we can go out every night- Walk from forest in the surrounding villages and Huturs and take ba the peasants food For the saved Jews in the forest. Then Some partisans came, riding On horseback, and us reported that men without Families can go with them in platoon In, seniors and families need to go into a Family camp. I was a loner And I'm off, with a lot of other derechins, Into partisan platoon entered. Have there We got weapons and went away "Zadanes". Our platoon, and I with it, did Participated in the famous attack On Derechin. In the heat of the moment, I passed one that was Along with my son in Doctor's Squadron Atlas, and cried out to me: "Moses, Your Israel is with me in atlases I shouted back at him: "I. Am in Ozhorker Forest! If we will Survive the battle, let him come to me ui God has helped and we have over- Lived the battle. In the morning is my son Came to me and I am away with it In Atlases Patriarch. And we are given- Love life - two of the whole family. Sepo Darzain 559 We survived a horror trap / Masha Kolakowski Late December 1942. About five months already We passed through the woods. Slowly we began to get used to it To the idea that this is life and that we will not add more See our loved ones. These forests that surround us They are our new home. As strange as it may seem, I remember the fact, Because every time the Russian partisans were secretaries Conversing their distant home and waiting impatiently For the happy moment when they could return to their homeland, I was Shocked by the very thought that we might even need one We will return one day to Darzein and live there Between mass graves and swords, Winter is coming hesitantly. Until December almost not It was snowing. Heavy rains, accompanied by cold winds, Harassed incessantly, on frosty nights were captive- The sea in the forests is covered with a slippery ice cover Which weighed on the traffic. On the 12th of December we received the news that every village The area is occupied by the Germans and the Ukrainians And that they are preparing to launch a great manhunt for us It was not long before the Kalgas cannons and their aides Started thundering. The partisan movement did not arrive So still to large dimensions and she counted in our forests Only a few hundred people. The Germans reached the forest In their tens of thousands and closed on all its entrances. A battle broke out To life and death. The partisans mobilized all their forces- They fought against the Germans, but could not for long To withstand their desperate war, and a few days later It was decided to leave the bases in the forest and move east. I well remember the night of the retreat. Exhausted, after A few days of bitter fighting, the partisans went on The narrow bills. Darkness prevailed in the forest and only a long time ago Lumen sliced ​​through the flammable darkness that broke out In the vicinity, the roads were covered with ice. I was then In the last months of pregnancy and after a few days of travel Tiresome I felt my powers leave me and there is none I can move forward with everyone. I asked for My husband will leave me alone and continue on his way with the retreats To the east. My husband refuses to hear my pleas. The commander Ours, a wise and kind man, a Russian from the Soviet Union Who had already made friends with us, saw my situation And begged my husband to stay with me. He's a hunter Us with more ammunition, gave us another 120 Stan balls, which were then precious to reality. Demanded From my husband who will take care of me and say goodbye to us. In the same class Desperate and despairing I parted from my childhood friend, From the famous partisan Table Lipszowicz. My husband and I were left alone in the big forest, The last of the camp passed. There was silence from Bib, and she was disturbed only by the beasts of the forest The many. My heart is pounding within me: indeed we will get to see The partisans returning to our forest? We both succeeded Go through the hard days ahead of me, either God forbid we fall from the murderers, and because of me he will fall too My husband? These melancholy thoughts are aggressive after That we were left alone in the camp area in the woods. After a few hours we decided to leave the founder, Because we were afraid that the location of the camp was known for sure To the Germans. And we feared it was a match. We've been through a lot- Quite a long way, as far as I could go, and we sat down Near a side road in the woods. My husband chose a place for him Convenient to view and I sat down inside a dimple of Page to mark miles. For safety's camouflage Own the dimple in the branches of dry trees. When we kissed By us we sat alert for the next, The short winter day tended to end. The cold room To the bones. Suddenly there was a rush of horses. My husband Be sure that the riders are the people of the Samu villages. Kim, who also had a cup of agony and escaped Honeysuckle from the killers. So my husband left On the way, to learn from the villagers about a situation Things around the forest. A few minutes later Excited and excited returned: a convoy of 20 "sledges Went slowly along the way and by it a few dozen Germans, I will admit that my spirit fell on me at that moment. How 60 It so happened that in this way in the navel of the forest, they will wander The Germans in such security? Indeed, they probably did not encounter Partisans and their impudence increased. My heart stopped beating. When will this damn caravan pass? I huddled in the dimple, but all its depth was: 30 Inches. The minutes crawled lazily. Here comes the first winter cart, and here it is The second, the third. And suddenly - what happened! They are Do not travel further! They liked the place And they decided to arrange the overnight parking here and go Here! Less than one meter from where we lived Began to establish their temporary camp. Commands Flying from all sides, bushes and branches were cut down and lit. Huge bonfire. And meanwhile the night fell. It was clear to me ah that These are the last moments of my life. In a whisper I beg Before my husband,. That he may not prolong my iniquity shot at me, But he rejects it from moment to moment. Really hope He's out of the terrible trap! Pictures of the horrors I have seen pass before my eyes And that I heard about them. I heard the abuse of The Germans in captive partisans is above all Devilish Imagination. It was known that pregnant women had Cut the abdomen and sterilize the hold. I knew clearly. I ask for Abraham again Shoot me and he again repulses the redemptive shot This one, Suddenly someone approached our dimple and picked up the The dried twigs he covered, it was German,. That almost Through Ali they collected branches for the fire. Sharp pain My heart. My death will therefore come from the murderers, And who knows how long they will abuse me before they redeem me Death. This is the end. Abraham could not save me In his pistol at the hands of these scoundrels. There was darkness. We hear the well The shouts of the Germans, their conversation with The Belorussians - but our summer delayed coming. A huge fire was lit, they were all sitting around, Probably making coffee. And we are both immersed In this awful death trap! True, there is We have weapons, but what can two do against Tens 1 The moments last until horror. Complete darkness Duchamp Book Gala Sheflan, fallen in the woods Around the fire. Abraham decided to try and get out Out of the trap. He opens by crawling and tells me Move forward after him. Abraham has already come out of the hole, And a few moments later I'm trying my luck - But all of a sudden I saw a meter and something away A German facing the fire. The strong light Dazzles him and deepens the darkness even further, Until he sees what is really being done My hopes of leaving this damn place zero. Avraham had already passed a few meters, but in his sight That I do not crawl after him, came back to me. We waited together A few minutes and again we tried our luck. This time we succeeded Progress tens of meters, but apparently the Germans They felt a suspicious rustle and the rockets began to light up We have our way. How they did not notice us - no I can understand this to this day As we walked away from the Germans we got to our feet And we started running as long as our strength was in us. We entered To an unfamiliar plot of forest. It was almost bald, With great distances from tree to tree. The place is not The cells for hiding. Having no choice, we approached a great discourse and prepared Sitting under it, when we suddenly noticed a wild boar. It seems We had then, that even nature haunts us. We escaped From there and at the end we found refuge among the roots of A tree uprooted in one of the storms that befell the The forest since the autumn days. An innocent day we sat there. Shots kept echoing And by the direction of their voices we knew, that the Germans were In our camp and engaged in its demolition, Book Thirty It's Tuesday for us that no crumbs of food Did not come to Pino. Wet to the bone, Frozen and shaky,. No change of clothes. Without Match a fire, light a fire and keep warm A little - we were in a state of despair. We went out to look for people and food. We arrived at the cabin, Where the peasants would store the hay. We entered And we found in it - - - hot ashes, but without a nose One spark. The people had left the hut before About half an hour. We did not know who the visitors who came were Here and warmed up by their little fire. And maybe there were Are these Germans? There is no time to think. We continued on our way, 561 Hungry, wet, frozen and desperate. We finally came across some partisans, who too They stayed in the forest like us and hid in an abandoned hut And remote, some twigs lit inside, we dried the Our clothes and for the first time in a week We warmed up and ate something hot, When we told the partisans about what had happened to us In the forest, they crossed paths and offered to place us at the end of the war In place of our former hiding place is a monument to our rescue The wondrous. To this day I do not understand how we managed to escape From the claws of the murderers. My life in the woods - Beast Beckenstein-filser 2 was for us a very bad- Ter and cruel year. Upon arrival of We all had the Germans no derechin Worked and carried out what only one had Required from us. Turned streets cleared Roads and gardens. That's how it went Until I'm working in the kitchen Of the S.S. Lite. Along with several others Girls we washed the floors, Peeled potatoes and washed utensils 4 o'clock in the morning until late at night, - Had to serve them and look at the murder- Rich faces. We were all then Ready to do whatever they want, abi stay mid Live. We knew nothing at first What they are doing to the Jews is that they are completely destroying Cities and towns in sending thousands in Camp, until the bitter truth is revealed, And it became clear that we also wanted to To be destroyed. Every night, people expected a Slaughter. Hides were prepared In the basement, but us did not Could help, because we were released- Sent from the houses and we were ourselves Entered the barracks with yet Some families. The day when we were surrounded Had many of the children taken up Scatter in the fields, and among them mine Brother Motl. I was confused And in a second I found myself on A truck with my parents And my little brother Yankele. People He called us to lie down, so that the people In small towns they should not know what they are doing. An urban German recognized my father And named him with the mother with the little one Brother getting out of car. We did People are not allowed to go down, saying, That I'm already big enough for myself to Care. No weeding helped My mother was kicked out of Aita And we left. Not far from House I got courage and pushed down One of the policemen who was sitting On the side of car crashes and jumps After him, hoping to be shot from Behind. The Germans, however, did not want to Making no noise and shooting in downtown And they have made themselves not seeing this Incident and traveled further. This is Was my luck and I ran in In a garden behind a house, passed a 562 While and ran home, where my parents Were lying down and crying over me. They did not Believe their eyes when they have me Sight. We are then all gone in hz of The Polish family Klimaszewski, who Agreed to hide us. A day Later I was with one of their sons Went looking for my brother motel, and Walking several kilometers between fields And forests, we found him lying a Kill in a field. The Germans have him Shot and the local Christians have ba- Show him take the chair, They got nothing out of it They could have enjoyed something. I have Asked Christians from the nearby village one might Bury him and make a mark on his grave. I came home with the knowledge that I did not find him. First A Day Later, a Christian passed away. My mother says her son is dead, We all decided to leave in the woods As fast as it will calm down a bit And the roads will be clear of Germans But our wait did not last long, Because Sunday morning was surrounded Our house and all of us wanted to move away. Take. I could not after a time Stand and look the does in the eyes. I I jumped out of a window and Ran into field. I felt and felt Hear the coals fly by and I do I ran and fell and ran again A couple of miles behind town I found myself Happened with the two sons of Christine Ba which we have concealed; Too They ran for fear, and from there We went together. We are Arrived at a village where one of her Worked and it was for him Easily enter a foyer and get food, And also before me a ride huzen, having mine Legs were completely torn from the Book Thirty Bushes and my dress was torn Of the coal. Their sister is coming soon Came running they call home, because if They will leave their home, they will be shot Their mother. I was left alone in the woods. It was getting dark and there was a fright We attacked. From every rustle of the leaves I thought they were coming soon We. I had a string, What kept the HZ I got it Wanted to throw on a branch and himself Suspend, but something in me did me Detained, and I remembered the Words of a Russian officer, who has Said that dying is very easy, live Is much heavier. And remembering this I gained courage for life and myself Strengthened with thought revenge to take from The murderer of my family and of all Jews. I then crawled to the end of a Small village and seen like a fire burning In Kuznaya, I entered, where I lay down On the ground and fell asleep, until voices Woke me up. I have for myself See Itche Shelubskin with another couple Jews of small town. Drive like I do Rejoiced to see that still someone Live that I am not the only life " Remnant of shtetl, We took wander along, until We met with after de- Richner, and in a few days' time All the "survivors" were together Heard about the Russian soldiers Fleeing prisoners of war, who have Formed partisan group, and we did Very eager to join them, but she Did not want to take any women and Children, and moreover without arms. We did They promised that we would create guns and With one gun and more sticks are issued We went to the Christians in the villages And demanded arms. We have gradually Book Thirty Guns were formed and the Russians decided Us to organize. The women with the children, As for the older men, it was rejected. Move to one side, creating a family for them- Group, the men took them to themselves And we, girls, have organized ourselves into A group, under my direction, and we have Learned to shoot and muster like a soldier, It did not take long for the latter to Chinese youth convinced the group- Command, one should attack Derechin and Destroy the Germans with staff and all Why did they help ruin ours? Homes. A plan has been worked out Me with one more girl decided them To take. I was in a position on The same highway to protect the Germans Who will try to escape. It was A difficult night, but without fear we are gone Went and took revenge on the captives The town burned and the shooting Carried over the whole area. We have had our sacrifices that are Fell as heroes fighting against the The. Derechin was without a power a Long time. The Germans were afraid Entering town, because it happened Scatter throughout the entire area that surrounds The town is home to brave partisans. My life with the Derechin partisans Did not last long. When the Germans have Us surrounded from all sides and made On us an cobble "we determined Divide into small groups and walk between The forests on their own. I am Were with 4 men, between them two idf Chaim Gratchuk and Nahum, A "Bezhenets" by A town in Poland. We were walking around In the woods, avoiding un- Its area, and after a week of hiking We met with a group of pre- Teasers, who did not believe us and We did not trust them either. But after a while, it emerged 503 That this was a group that came From around Lide, in order to seek arms in the Schcharer area. These were the Zolotovtses * (That's what they were called), all Young Russian men, except one White Russian, will- Hair served as a guide. Our Fifth impressed them, not with: Our appearance, only with arms that we Have possessed. On a group of 5 had We had a machine gun and everyone did Had guns, revolvers and grenades. She Had us persuaded to go with her and We agreed. It is obviously not No matter where we strike This German --- our ways are going In the same direction, Being young and small, I felt a little overwhelmed Feeling lost among all the boys, But I soon explained to them that I was I did not come to see her as a groom I came with the same purpose that she - Revenge to take from the Germans, and therefore Don 't they treat me like a girl, Just like one of them. They have it indeed Done, Hayyim Grchuk also protected me Like an own child. All the boys joined We soon became friends and treated with Great respect. Was in the group There was a fire hydrant and people around the fire Played and sang. Seeing with the Russians I have been studying for two years Russian songs as well as their language and I I felt quite at home. It did not take long for our group to recover Was attacked A police station and ours Commander was killed. The one who Betrayed him and two others Were injured. Not tonight No medical assistance available Tizaner, of course, wanted from me the Help. Truth be told, I did not Could bear no blood, but here hob I had no choice and needed Serve those injured who have 564 Look at me with the hope that I will Help. I made a heart and they Washed and bandaged with that I found in the medical Bag and hope to God that everything will be Hello, The cold and wet days and nights in the Forests have had a very bad effect on The wounded and the wounded their have Himself not healed. The commander of the Group we therefore added ba A Christian on a motorbike, like one of His family, and I'm up every night A horse riding carried him over- Bandage the wounds. He did well Healed, and with time also the other. There have been casualties on our part And injured after each collision With the Germans. I was their neighbor In battle and not leave her if she Have needed my help. I have become They have a "professor" that even when it's Later came a doctor in group, hot He was not trusted until I married him Invited people let him let me help. When our group, "Zolotov" was Coming back into her rayon, we have ourselves Happened with another small group; Grozny " And we agreed with her for- Bind and along be active. I have again- Once served the injured of both Groups. I'm not sitting in one place In order to wait on injured, just am Accompanied by the men in all battles And zasades. My life came to me then Not played any big role. I have Knowing that we are fighting with the enemy And we were afraid of him just as we were He fears for us. In 1943, the partisans reconvened Organizing in large groups - "Brigades" and their staffs are unique. Stood in the noliboker fushche. There we built rolls, a bath, Book Thirty A bakery, various workshops to Name the needs of the partisans. There Listen Learn Have we broads been able to relax and Out to sleep. That was it Meeting of the fighters after all battles And zasades. From here we have i Had radio connections with staff of Army in Russia. The Belarusian population of ours Area was a mixture: some der- Fair were against us and others with Us. The latter have helped us a lot and Thanks to their help we were able to Bonds with pharmacies in the larger cities Ui also received information for ours "Razvedchikes" where there are new ones Camps of German soldiers and others Military points. When we used to receive The necessary information, is it passed- Given to Moscow and on in the morning Did we see the German milieu? Terrible points are bombarded. An interesting event is expected. People in the year 1942, while the Germans did Sent numerous ammunition and soldiers no Russia. From Moscow arrived a Order to lift the train lines of Lide- Baranovich to Minsk. The operation did People called, concert "and none of the The partisans did not know about this, Until one arrives at the train 'line. Each of us has received dynamite, that Looked like pieces of soap to wash Yourself. A cord was inserted into it Which was burnt-out both in the Earth and Se in Water. To the end of cord Was attached a cake cord similar To watie that burns slowly, to give us A possibility to escape. We hide The pieces dynamite, because the rails are Was laid on wood and around was Clean of earth, to see if it does not lie There's a bomb. This dynamite has been Laid in a zigzag under both rails. Sepo Darzain Lying calm and low by the rails Have we been able to see far on the horizon, As the conductor of the group has given A sign with a cap ignites the strings With a papyrus, which we kept Prepared in sleeve of the navy. As soon as the threads took off Burning, we had to Run in the woods and wait on it- Rice. We could hardly stand it Trees as the concert began- Gen. From all sides heard more the Shooting and the rails danced in Air. The command was that when Everything will be quiet, we have to go back To the rails and pick out the pieces din- With which they did not tear themselves apart, lest Again try to explode them, and ob It is not possible to remove it, in order to The Germans should not know where this is Concert is coming and so it is Made. The next morning we heard the Guys, like the Germans ran from everyone Their points without houses, looking to the sky Believing to see airplanes or find An entire army of soldiers is not around Seeing no one and nothing, they were Completely confused and shaken by the Event, not understanding how so Everything happened. When they have tried Fix the rails, are small groups Went on in the morning and repeated it Torn up. This was going on perfectly Long time and bothered to send Soldiers and ammunition at the front, And yet another episode of my life in the Forests, which I will call, the will To life is very and very strong ". In the Cruel winter months. When this lives in The forests and fields were theirs Difficult when the partisans were changing From village to village, from one zasade to a Second operation, and the snow is gone- When deep, we used to have to wear white 65 Rags, in order to be disguised as an enemy, He should not be able to see us in the snow. Our task was to surround ourselves A village where there was a large con- German Army Center. We are Also became a very large group, became Divided into three parts and needed around- Ring the village from all sides. At night Issue we went and on Friday is Was definitely the raid. Everything went According to plan. Our group has split up. Divided into two parts, one is going Closer to the village, the second Cover the former. I was with those who Were close to the village. It happened Pointed out that the powers of the Germans are Was bigger than we expected. She Have also appeared to call for help from a Near staff. The groups that attacked From the other sides of village were fighting Brave and after lose many of theirs People themselves took pull back. We are Meanwhile been very close from village, and there Did not take long for us to become Cut off from our second half, that Needed us to cover and protect. People Has shot at us from all sides. I Remember how I ran and fell in Snow and again took run. One Of the partisans took a toll on me My machine gun, to make it easier for me. I could not run much, the shoe Was long and frowned at me Between the legs. There was silence around We. My friends were far away Me and when I made a turn mine Head, I could see a couple of Germans Run after me. They were very close Of me and have believed me to catch Liveliness. Knowing what to expect If they want to catch me, I'm out. Grabbed the revolver from my belt and Wanted to shoot himself. I do not know what Tar an instinct held me back 566 Of A press do the trigger, but A funk of Hope gave me courage not to Do and try to run. I did not know Understand, why the few men who Have been with me along and are already Were far away from me, did not shoot Back. But it did not take long I heard a shot from the rich- Tung wherever I ran. My friends Approached a place where she was Were able to open fire on the Germans, I also fell in snow and I know Not with what powers I arrived To my colleagues, who have not believed Their own eyes seeing as I am Survived, The same winter, taking part in I'm alone with a group of men Wounded. The men have me Pulled out through snow with a leather Pass and brought in A Hutor. None Of she had no heart to me Serve and I have myself, after this how I drank a cup of whiskey, Cut off my boot and the pants and Self-bandaged. When I have more Could not stand on leg, I have Understood that something had to happen Middle bone. I was dragged from Place to place and hoped to be found A Doctor. One week later, Book Thirty Look for a doctor who has run away Baranovich and he decided that he Must put my bone together well, if not I will remain a cripple. I have myself Laughing, a big difference will be, Will I be shot or killed? A matching leg. The Doctor concluded His being and assembled my bone. I'm lying as if in chopped wounds with Wooden boards around leg. Not royal Thick endure too long, I'm still A For weeks, jumping out of bed and yourself Released on the free. That it in Destined to life no devil can either Conclusions. My life among the partisans was Filled with satisfaction of revenge over Enemy, with love for my comrades in battle And with the feeling that I can help them when They need me. Their love and respect To us we have given courage and energy Carry out my work. In the heaviest Moments, after a long night-march, when people Came to a house, did not look On the fatigue of the people, the gar- Mosque took games and the Russian songs | Filled this hz with the little one Fire of a kerosene lamp and the heart Wanted, forgetting the heavy hours Who are passing and not thinking What tomorrow will bring In the woods with his brother / muse Gratchuk-Navitsky In the woods I met partisans And also old people and children of Kosovo: Whoever knew it was from Kosovo Ran into the woods, How big was my surprise and Joy, when I am in great tumult and tumult Around met my brother Itche! We Were struck one the second on The trees and thus stood defiled Of pain and joy, without a tear in the Eyes, My brother tells me that I must decide Book Thirty Who does and acts fast. He Aline Does not belong to the group of the Kosovar, Only to the mixed 51st group. The Commander of the group, he says, is A Jew, Pedorovich. The brother takes me With myself and tells me without, I should say that I'm not married and my name is Is Grchuk, They do not want to be pleased When we arrived at the 51st Squadron, The commander told me that no Women can not keep them to themselves. Then did My brother told the commander that wow He will be - will be his sister too Be. We are both ready to fight together, And if we must die, we will Die together. I must have noticed that my brother did Brought with him in Atriad a lot Weapons he pulled out Homeland of a concentration camp, where he has Worked. Without arms one would not live like this Could join a partisan group, So important was the role of a piece Arms. When the commander had heard of Min Brother, that he wants me to keep coming, said He gave an instruction to accept bam Brother this arms. They left him Only one gun and two bullets. Were in the group after several men With their wives. We, 9 persons - 4 Women and 5 men, - who were Connected one with another, were determined To leave the 51st Squadron and leave In a second partisan platoon. But still Before leaving, we took part To take on a difficult battle with enemy. This was the battle of the tenth place. A large bridge with a lot of water around it, The commander fell in the battle Pedorovich, 567 We are looking for a different approach After that, our group of 9 left Of 51st Squadron and began searching con- Tact with other partisans. Going like this Across the woods we met a porter. She says that it is not far from here Here's a cabin and there they will go tonight Come partisans. We decide that two Men will go to meet at night the pre- Teaser and with her conversations about unlock Themselves without their groupi But who should go? Perhaps Nart us the Will leave and instead of partisans will Are we expecting Germans there? The huge is Great, death lurks from every angle. Said Fate and my brother were thrown with more One failed to go to the meeting. With tears in our eyes we have ourselves With them said goodbye and accompanied to the Risky mission, who fell on Their shoulders. That they are away in the Direction of the hut, we remained Waiting for them with beating hearts and Every minute was like a year, They returned with joy - she Had indeed met with partisans. But Those they did not believe and demanded That we all 9 should come here, so she Chat with everyone. That we are there Arrived, we were taken on a Cross-examination. The partisans have themselves Wanted to convince, whether we are not any German spies. Late at night they called us out Put sleepers in steel and have them alone Lying upstairs, on Boydim. This gun we kept the whole thing We have no nightmares and no eyes Closed in fear, let us have this piece Arms not appropriate. 568 An oath and a grenade Early in the morning,. When we are up Stood, they told us where to Go and provide yourself. When we are Arrived on the spot, met us the Commander. He has provided us to the Partisan oath and us transferred Entered partisan camp. There was one Gave us food and everyone a grenade, With an instruction that this grenade, be required We throw at the first opportunity On Germans, and whether it will be too late To throw him on the enemy. We need to Grenade explodes on its own, so as not to enter Accident of life in the hands of Germans. So I spent more than two years In this partisan atrium and served There like a soldier on the front lines. I have Fought with the enemy, wounded In turn, took part in battles in the Finsker mud and crept into the swamp To the neck. Virtually every day I saw This does for the eyes. Summer and win- Turrets in the Wilderness --- until the Soviets Army liberated us and brought no Finsk. I find my second brother My brother Itche was mobilized In the army and I worked in An artel. I was one and only, Lonely Yiddish among 28 local workers. In Artel we went for the party- Zone. I knew one day that My brother Chaim lives and finds himself in Minsk. I went straight there - and The meeting with him is indescribable. Also he has lost his wife and children. Did we both leave in no hurry, Where our brother was stationed Book Thirty Itche. Not so easy came to us The journey no fuss, but finally issued We came there and were a short drive Days all three together. Life must return to the working jaw Minsk. Itche remains in the army. Was Do I? Where am I going? To my mother To my husband, to my uncles and aunts who Live no longer! I do not like Derechin. Before I of Zhetl Kin Slonim, Fundorten No matter where I go in the dark, Rainy evening. I drag myself around over The streets - until I meet Fuike Gelmanef He arranges me for you tonight and soon Early on we both went no derechif In the ruined hometown First of all, we're up on the house- Cemetery - There's no trace of tombstones. Animals Fasten yourself there. We arrive in town - Virtually everything is burned, broken. Where not Where stands a house. We are going on brothers- Tomb in the fields behind Meshels' house. I could not do more in Derchin Endure no minute, could not step On earth, which has absorbed so much Blood of our dearest. Himit the memories of past I drive back no pinsk and stay there Until the end of the war. Then I'm gone No lodge, been along with all of the She'erit HaPleta. We left the lodge No Italy and Fondates crossed us- Taking our relatives to America. So I lost virtually everything Therefore, I was attracted to relatives, too Own blood - and since 1948 I live here In America with my sad memories Of horrible past. Book Thirty 569 Anti-Semitism in the Forest / Moshe Kwiat There's so much to tell from party- Zonal life and of all that we, Jews Partisans made it through the wel- This, however, I believe that other Chiners have already written about this. I Just want to add some memories that leave I've not been around since I experienced this. I was a good, devoted person Partisan, although I have not been As young as most of us Kemper. I was assigned to See the Transportation Department. Between The partisans were Jewish, is- Vozchikes, with horses and wagons, among them They rejoiced Kresnovsky of Colone Sineiske (He died a week before the shooting. Reyung), Jankel Dzentselsky, a former Schuster (located in Israel), a. And. We There were three Jews at the staff, in which Boris, without one hand, was the chief- Nachalnik. Being a mule of profession I am often Sent at various points Set up ovens on baking sheet and Boil food. For my devotion as a partisan I received a medal. We must remember And constantly remind that the Jewish party- Zones were some of the best fighters In forest and have carried out the hardest "Zadanas" The Derechiner Partisans. And yet we were often victims Of anti-Semitism, which also prevailed In forest. Not once did we get out To hear such remarks on ours Address that the blood used to boil. The anti-Jewish moods in the forest, both Kr on the part of the Nationalists, have strengthened During the difficult times in the forest, during the German bombs on our camps. The Brisker Nachalnik shot two Derechiner girls, Beyle Becker and Sime Shelovsky, for losing their guns when They fled during a great German attack Oblave. When it used to be Christian Partisans such or similar acts, It is used to wipe and smear and Only for very great crimes have people They are condemned to death. And can not forget the case, when two Brothers, Jewish youths, were shot Because they accused her Have been sleeping while standing awake. Even Such crimes are rarely committed. When condemning Christian partisans to Penalty. Not once did we think that we Ran from water into fire, escaped- Thick of Derechin into forest entered. But We have had a sacred task ahead of us - Take revenge on the Germans, and this has We were helped into the partisanship Even in the times when it was built there- Anti-Semitism is rampant. Our revenge- Thirst drove us to bold deeds Against the German, we have ever done so To fulfill our partisan duties In the best way. 50 Sepo Darzain With the Partisans / Abraham-Isaac Medvetsky On morning after the great slaughter had Surrendered to the Hidden and Living- Remaining Jews, women and children Escape from the ghetto and from their bunkers And secrets and all sorts of things about it- Reach the neighboring forests of Lem Ostrow, Locks and wools. A few weeks later The Germans surrounded our camp And him strongly condemned. Then fell About 120 Jews, including my brother-in-law Elie Shlkovich. Then came the Great partisan attack on the Derechiner police and gendarmerie. Pre- Day after heavy siege. Is Opened on the enemy a stronger Partisan fire. The cops, who They were caught alive, he said People shot at Mogilnik. Too is The German gendarmerie was attacked. From the attack on Derechin we have Brought many weapons, also of that Our youth have had it before Hidden in a former ghetto workshop Bliznyanskin came to the house, Some time later, the pre- Tysanian forces attack Kazluishchine. Door- Tan was a hard fight. Around Hanukkah time we are around again- It was attacked by 35,000 Germans Which were on egg to the east- Front. Two days! We fought With them all volie. Many are partisans Fell then in battle between them also the Beloved Commander Doctor Atlas. Zum Finally we were forced to leave Our forest and pass into others Welder, in order to save himself from the Germans Coal. When we got back in Our forest, we have our camp- From a burned and destroyed. A for Weeks are in those cold winter Days spent day and night on the road. Reaping ground. We remember various / Zada- News ", which we needed to implement And so our strength has grown, it is New weapons were added, most of them removed From the Germans and their allies: S'der- The acts of revenge are committed without peasants who Have the Germans camped our camps; The death-blow, which we have not once Provide German Challenges: And S'der- Remind yourself of all those battles in which Have fallen or been injured Our bold colleagues and acquaintances of The partisan ranks. It wants to tell about the brave Works of the Derechin partisans, About the leading role some of them Of them had in the woods and About the good name of heroic fighters, Which were famous in all the surrounding Welder: Taybl Lifshovich, who is Ba Each task cracked in strongest Fire, along with the bravest pre- Teasons, until she fell into a bitter Battle with the Germans; Haim-Shia Lip- Shovitch, who has, just like Joseph in Egypt, concerned all partisans with Food - he enjoyed life " People, so as not to fall into the hands From the German Finiker, around a month For our deliverance; The general comes Canter and Beloved Elie Lifshovich, What has his do found already in liberation Poland; Joseph Bliznyansky, who lives today In Boston; Siome Shelovsky, Motke this Tailors son, Yankle Dykes, the best Sepo Darzain "Razvedchik" our Moshe-Chaim Agulnik And still dear sons and daughters of their- Chin, which have in the welder not stirred Not by day and not by night, not by summer In the heat and not winter in the forest, Abandoned trains,. Cut phone-slopes Attack the enemy's echoes and anxious The fighting forest with weapons and food- Warg. 571 And when we have been released By Russian military, are the young and Some partisans were soon dispatched To the Bialystok front and much of it Fell and were wounded. This is the total of Jewish der- Chin. Let the names of our good Jews And bold fighters never forgotten And let them be better betters Yiddish Clal, My sister Rouge falls into the woods / The month of May, 1943, passes for the Germans Ablava on the village Krufitsi and surroundings. Me with my sister Rouge find myself Temporary in Lipichansk Post, Among Zhetler men. The area in the forest, Where was the family camp? Named "Mayak", not far from there, On the way, stood a tall tower After all, from the Polish times. We gird ourselves with patience and wait, That the position of the partisans should itself Improve and should become more and more unique Placed ui earlier. May 22 in the evening. We are sitting, a large group, Around a fire. It's easier for everyone Little on mood, though we know that the Danger that threatened us with some Days ago is still not entirely gone Choosing your way in is still risky, It dawns on us that tomorrow, On May 23, the partisans prepare Attack on German Fosterneck in Nak- Rishak, A village near Zhetl. Such information Let us always encourage and satisfy, Although we have known how many victims Must give in such a battle. The young men around Fire beg to roar her Should sing a song. Rouge soon fulfills these Katie Khlebnik-Bialostotsky Please, in the dark, silence the forest. Her sweet voice lingers in the song, home- Land. "I'm suddenly struck Hearts, a trembling passes through me like a stream Over all limbs. - Ruzhe, - I say, - It's not over The time of singing. The wound is fresh, and Who knows what tomorrow will bring We bring ... - No more information, Katie, - Ruzhe answered me, "You are a pessimist." Mistke. You will see, tomorrow they will clap Nakrishok, and it will be again where Were. I're gonna answer, put your head down And sink in with the eyes in gossip Fire, At 12 o'clock the fire was extinguished slowly Out, only the smoke rises to the sky, Just as God would take up a sacrifice. We say good night to each other And let yourself away in the rolls sleep. May 23, 7 Fri. I crawl out of the Zemlanke and from the upper level of I look around quietly Forest. The day turns out to be beautiful And sunnier, but A cooler. I'm going out And choose to put out a fire in order to- 372 Boil a little coffee. Rouge is already too Wake up, she says it hurts in her head. A sick woman is lying on the bed Stain-climbing. Around 8 o'clock it sounds completely A shot from a gun. I gi down To ruin and tell you about this. ,, Size "Nothing," she says, "certainly a partisan Shot ". All around agreed with her and Be sure that there is no danger In this place. I'm going back to Aris Fire, because I felt a cold in the Organs. After a 20 minute walk - and A second shot is heard, dosmal Already closer. I'm going down again to ruin And tell her you need to get out of Zem- Lanke. , These are partisan attacks On Nakrishok "- decided Rouge with Security, and click to:, in half an hour I'll go upstairs. "I'm going back Appeared, and in a 15--20 minutes round hat A shooting started at us, the coals Have taken flight from all directions. I Run to the roll and shout out: , Ruzhe, save yourself! * And who alone. I Driven by a strong, instantaneous Power Kativen, I run, the coals fly over my head, I run with all my might in an unconscious- In that direction, avoiding all avenues and Throttled paths, over mud and Waters. After departing several kilometers I came across a few more Saved. I ask them on the rug - They do not know, they are not with her Happened during their escape. An evil pre- Feeling bothers me. We sit down on a Blade in a wet blanket, being sure, That the bullet will no longer meet us there. So we sat down, each one pre- Sinking in his memories, more than a half Tag. That there was silence around us In the woods, we are off slowly back Sepo Darzain To the previous place. On the way we have Bumped into a shot. My heart Hit me with hammers. When We approached the rolls, A sorrow opened before my eyes Picture. Rouge was lying dead. She nodded Appearances from rolls of which 30 Steps, and fell That's how Rouge ended her life, no Knowing that you were singing with an evening before Will be the last. And she is obviously first Yesterday evening was so bold! Poor sister, you did it with a song Life resigned. You are in my heart Yours opened a perpetual wound, a pain- Full memory, a grief after my dear sister-in-law- Ter, who fell in a spring Morning in far away, strangers forest. Neche and Michal Petrukhovich Out alive from the forest Sepo Darzain A dream score in Abby On the eve of the "life" around the fire in the forest, when the The wind was uplifting, sometimes for no apparent reason The word, land, was often heard from the partisans Israel "- then suddenly the singing stopped, it seemed The conversations, and only the eyes of those present, shone with a special brilliance: God, it is possible that we will come out of this hell alive And we will reach our country? Are we allowed to upload at all Imagine such an "impossible" possibility! And this longing grew in our hearts when all was zero Hope. The silence enveloped us all by the fire On nights like this, until one of the guys opened up In truncated sentences about her years of training, on His ambition for years to immigrate to Israel. Slowly There was a warming atmosphere, a wave of memories and experiences And hopes and aspirations and dreams was rising and rising in the heart, Then the conversation flowed smoothly and everyone was Often tells of his deep ties with the movement The liberation of our people, for the longing for a new life In the land of the fathers, for all that he dreamed - until it came The Holocaust and severed the thread of his dreams. In the thick of the Belorussian forests she sat at night A group of Jews who had nowhere to go In their countries of residence, which even the forest did not explain to them His face was pale - and until physical pain she was stinging The whole being the thought of the Land of Israel. 573 The Forests / Masha Kolkowski The pain intensifies, and the ongoing conversation is not an opinion To silence him, someone would open a deaf ear to a singer Palestine. Immediately his neighbors would hang on to him By the fire, and at times the song would soothe the Ergon pain: In June 1944 a man pressed the German placement About the partisans in our forests. Knowing that you have fallen The German clergy soon began, and you are their slaves The Polish, Belorussian and Ukrainian trustees, Penetrating into the forests, chasing the partisans Constantly and causing them heavy losses. Even when the echoes of the front guns began to reach us Approaching and by our ears the dim echo had already arrived Of the Soviet Katyusha, even in the latter days Runes to the frightened retreat of the Germans fell Still victims among the partisans. Many fell, When the longing for the Land of Israel in their heart stops stopping His death, We were released. On July 14, 1944 he stopped The forest to be our home and stronghold besieged by the enemy. We went out to the roads, to the busy roads - To the desolate cities and towns. Here a dream of three years came true about our release From the yoke of the Nazis. Our dream of a life also came true In Eretz Israel? We continue to live on swords Our towns, or will we reach the coast of the designated land? 374 Who fell Ogolnik Moshe Haim, son of Reuven and Beila. Born In Derzain in 1924. His father was a glazier In November 1942 he came to the forest and joined the group of Dr. Atlas, in the "Bullock" Regiment, which operated in the Lipitzan forests (Novogrudok district). Started as a rifleman, then was a machine gun And belongs to the group of pots. He was upright, riding Wonderful, sings, dances, plays the mandolin and inspires spirit Good in society: has an unusual sense of humor, and he Who stood in his contact with the peasants, In 1943 the partisans ambushed the Germans, who were Leading every morning from groceries on the Darzin Road - Roda-Iborska. Ugolnik excelled in this campaign in particular. He let the police car get so close 20 meters and a short range that rained fire on them from his machine gun. About 30 From the policemen fell casualties, As a token of appreciation, the headquarters gave him a gold watch. In April 1944, shortly before liberation, forces surrounded Great Gramsci the forests of the area. In a fierce battle that broke out In Kozlowice, Ugolnik was killed along with his horse, Shalva Him for two years in battles and patrols, Ugolnik was awarded the Red Star and the flag The red ", Ogolnik Shmerl, a native and resident of Darzen From the ghetto on the day of the massacre to the Ruda Dubrovschczana forests. Joined Dr. Atlas' company. Fell in battles that flared up Between the battalion, "Pobida" and the Germans and Lithuanians who arrived Darsin to the sheep again after the partisan attack on The garrison in the town, Oshrovitz Chaim, 15. He was in the brigade, Phoebe- After the liberation, he volunteered for the Red Army and did not want to Return to his hometown of Darchen Bialystok. Azuf Moshe, a member of a long-standing Dresden family. Escaped With his family from the ghetto slaughter to the forest. Fell in battle in the woods Under the command of Bullock, Einstein Moshe Peretz, thirteen Jews. Fell In the forests of Villia Nori. Eliowitz Leib, born in the village of Elaid Dartzien. Before The war moved the family to Darchen. He escaped from the ghetto with His brother Haim and sister Leah. Was a partisan in the Perkop Regiment. In early 1944 he was sentenced to death on suspicion of falling asleep at his home On guard. Was shot in front of the partisan order, And their weapons in their hands Sepo Darzain Eliowitz Chaim, born in 1912 in a nearby village To mark. Escaped from Darzin with his brother Lib and sister Lahi Was a partisan in the Perkop Regiment. Shot according to the verdict on the pretext Who fell asleep while on guard. It was on the verge of release, Several months after his brother Leib was also shot in the same Excuse. Bondnovsky Aharon, from Darzin. A partisan in the battalion "Pobida" (Bulak) in the forests of Roda-Dubrovszczyzna In one of the battles, Boyarsky Samuel, was born in the town of Faisk near Valkovisk in 1916. Carpenter by profession. Was in the Dresin ghetto. At the end of July 1942 the honeysuckle escaped. Was in a partisan group operating on the left bank of The Shiatsara, from there moved to Bulak's "Povida" division. When the "Krasnoarmeysk" battalion was organized, it was added along with More Jews. Participated in all combat operations of the Hai- Religion in which he was. How many times has praise been mentioned in day-commands Of the headquarters. Helped a lot for the family camp that Hanir camped His unit. On September 25, 1943, he was sent with several other partisans For the Jews to key the railroad in the birth-most section. The group sat to rest in the woods near the Scard train station Doll. The guide, who was Polish, informed white Poles Who ruled the area and these surrounded the group and took it captive. The Christian partisans joined the Polish unit while you Boyarsky brutally murdered the Poles. After his death He was awarded a medal, the red flag. " Bosak Motke, born in Dresin in 1908 to Rims are running. Tailor by profession. A partisan in Bullak's brigade. Excelled in battle Roda-Iborska on June 30, 1942. He was loved by the individual- Strains due to his concern for all the needs of the battalion and especially - for my needs Food. Everyone called him "the mother of the battalion." Four times praised for his courage in battle, After the liberation he was drafted into the Red Army and fell in exile, Bialostutsky Roja, a member of an extensive family in Noted, she was in the Zitel forests with her sister. Fell from a bullet The enemy during a manhunt for the camp in the forest. Bitensky Shmuel, son of Herschel Bitensky, fell In the Great Rhoda forests, Bekenstein Eliyahu, born in Dresin in 1926, His father was a tailor, Sepo Darzain While being executed along with other Jews to Out of town he jumped out of the car and reached the Lipichan forests June 22, 1942. Attached to Dr. Atlas' unit In the "Povida" battalion under Bulak's command, despite his age The young man was handed a machine gun. Participate in any combat action And always excelled in his courage and willingness to be harsh. Helped To the Jewish family camp parked near the battalion. In the battle of the village of Sliza-Podgroblena fearless bread, Rained fire on enemy forces without respite; As we get closer To the partisan position a small German tank, stopped with bullets His machine gun and forced to retreat. In recognition he was given an ann A watch from the German loot taken. On October 25, 1943, he participated and excelled in the operation Getting off a German train near the Ornica station. It was A train full of military personnel and equipment. The entire train was destroyed And under it many Germans were buried. This operation credited him "Do you come for excellence? For courage." In February 1944 he went out with another 8 partisans to ambush To the Germans, who had to pass through the village of Ostrova Adjacent to Darcin. Their number is pre-arranged 150. for An hour and a half ago a fierce and bitter battle ensued. The partisans could not To withstand against the superior forces and were forced to retreat. On fire Haifa machine gun in Kenstein on the withdrawal of his comrades, but he He himself fell and with him the head of the group. Hours after the end of the battle, partisans left Some brought the corpses of the fallen and buried them in the ceremony Military. After his death, Beckenstein was awarded the flag; The red ". Beckenstein Shmerl, near Darzain, shoemaker. Married And a father of two children. A partisan in the battalion, Povida. "He fell In his hand in the first great manhunt, in January 1943, Visit Elijah, from Darzain. A Partisan in the Battalion, Povida, After the liberation he was drafted into the Red Army and fell at the front. Becker Bella, was shot at the behest of a commander in the woods, along with One of Shlovsky's daughters, for not returning from their escape Because of the Germans with their weapons, who buried him in the place " Hide. Becker Sonia, born in 1923 in Kolona Lid Darzain to a family of Jewish farmers. She worked as a cook in the camp The battalion, Povida. "Fell in the daring battles of the great hunt Of the "Wallacebots" on the partisan forests, several days Before release. Baranowski Broll, born in Suwalki in 1920, in the days The Nazi occupation was in Darchin. After the great massacre he fled Honeysuckle and was admitted to Dr. Atlas' unit. Coffee on the garrison in Darchen. First broke into his house The German shot him and wounded him. He was brought To the forest and there died of my wounds Bradach Charna, daughter of Reuven and Masha. Her parents are hi Textile shop owners. During the Soviet occupation it was used A teacher in a Russian school. She arrived in the forest at the end of July 1942, 575 First she was in Bullock's regiment and later joined the company Kozaev. In one of the German strongholds she was captured And killed by torture, Bernicker Herschel, Samuel's son, was killed by bullets The enemy while grazing the herd of cows of the partitions, Goldin Yodel, the son of Shmuel-Leib, was killed on his arrival To the forest, at the beginning of the first hunt. Glickfeld appointed, daughter of Jacob and Chaya. Born in Dresin In March 1926. She attended high school. During the great massacre in Darchen, she hid with my son Her family and dozens of other people in a bunker prepared in the basement Their home. From there she escaped to the Sliza forests and then to the bear forests. Rubashtsina, a place where the battalion of Bulak - "Povida". Despite being only 16 years old, Received a rifle and was an active fighter. Yes she was blind To her mother, who was employed in the battalion as a cook. Would secretly deliver food to the families' camp A Jew from Drzein, who camped some distance from the battalion. During the Great German Hunt in 1944, two days before The entry of the Red Army was among the burglars of Petrakt Vilna " And fell in battle, Grazhevsky Shmuel was born in 1920 To a family of peddlers, In 1942 he escaped from the Dretsin ghetto to the forests of Dubrovnik, Was a partisan in Bulak's Povida Regiment, Fell in 1944 in the last manhunt, after one Ukrainian A defector from the partisans revealed the password to the Germans, and so on Partisans fell into the trap in 2002, Grachuk Yaakov, born in Darzain in 1925, On June 22, 1942, with the liquidation of the ghetto, he fled to the forest And was admitted to Abramov's partisan company, fenced; Luck ", in the forests of Lipichan. Despite his young age he was given Machine gun and he participated in all the battles of the battalion. Was used An example to others in his dedication and courage and was loved by Everyone in the battalion, In August 1943 he went out in a group of 10 partisans to take down A railroad track on the Mitchett railroad. He was sent The group commander toured the area. He found the The exact location of the German guard and shot dead the The German on guard. The rest of the Germans were frightened and fled. The group continued on its way and took a train off the tracks, After this act, he was awarded the Homeland War Medal. " In November 1943 he was on guard with his friend Berl Visit one of the Ruda-Iborska forest sectors, when they are Levoi Put on the uniforms of German policemen, who took them loot in action, Company Commander Shubin and his comrades were in the area where they were standing The two on guard. The perfume misled those, who thought Both to the Germans, and shot at. Grachuk fell dead and was buried in the woods in a military ceremony. His friend Wounded. 56 Grinkowski Naftali, Liz and a resident of Drzien. Escaped "From the ghetto on the day of the massacre to the forests and was absorbed in Gidon, Povida." After liberation he joined the Red Army and fell in battles over Bialystok liberation .. Dombbruchtki David, born in 1915 in Drezin. Carpenter- Furniture, During the years of occupation he took advantage of his job at the weapons depot Of the gendarmerie and passed in all sorts of ways parts of arms And ammunition into the ghetto. On the day of the massacre he fled to the forests of Rhoda- Dubrovskaya and was absorbed together with his brother Nyuma in the Private Battalion- Zani, Povida ", under the command of Bulak and Bolat, Severely wounded in the attack on the garrison in Darzhain. Brought him To the forest and there he spent his soul in severe anguish. Before his death He called his younger brother, Nyoma, and said to him: I am dead Ahead of time. I no longer had time to avenge our oppressors but a little. Remember, you and all the Jews have a duty to avenge the blood of our family And with us. " Huberman, a refugee from Lomza who came to Derzain in the beginning The war. Was a warrior partisan. Fell in battle, Walmark Mendel, a native of Ostrov-Mazowieck. With The German invasion of Poland in September 1939 fled to Draczyn, On the day of the massacre he fled to the forests of Lipichan. Join the unit Kaplinsky's Jewish woman and later was a partisan in the battalion, Bor- In it "(Brigade, Lenin"); One day, Moshe Malkewitzky and others left with his hometown Three members of the battalion, Burba "around the town of Faisk, To get dressing-equipment for the goblin who suffered from the frost And the humidity. They did not return to the battalion base. Circumstances of their fall Are not known, ¿ Walitsky Israel, Madrzein, Partisan in Wandering, Van He fell into the woods during a manhunt, after two years Of active warfare. Zolotnicki Eliyahu, Moorzin, son of Israel The shoemaker. A partisan in Bulak's Pobida battalion in the forests Roda-Dubrovshtsina. Fell in the woods. Yes perished in his father's forest, His mother Sarah, his sister Beila and his brother Zlotogora Herschel, born in 1908 in Darchen. Owner of a roll materials store. Chairman of the IDF in the IDF The massacre escaped with dozens of Jews and reached the forests Rhoda. He was absorbed into Bullock's regiment, in Dr. Atlas' company. Excelled as a warrior partisan, On the day of the attack on Darzain he was one of the first to infiltrate For a corps building: The German situation and severely wounded. After recovering In the forest of his wounds he returned to combat activity, He fell in 1945 in the Red Army, some time before The end of the war, Zarnitzky Chaim Hershen fell with his wife Rachel In the hunt for the forests, Zarnitzky David Hirsch, a member of a poor family in Darzain, Had to work from his youth as an apprentice with Sandler, On the day of the massacre he fled to the forests of Rhoda and was admitted to his unit Sepo Darzain Of Bullock. Also in the forest he worked as a shoemaker for the partisans, Participated in the battle for the garrison in Drzain. Killed on the first day of the German hunt, December 1942, Lubzobfeki Avraham ("Lebedrik"), born in 1924 In particular. Was the son of a coachman and knew Belorussian. In his appearance Was not like Yuri. Served in the Battalion, Povida "in the Lipitsan forests An outstanding machine gunner, a partner in all battles of the battalion and showed courage Unusual. Was eager to take revenge on the Germans and collaborators, Nachmana as a battalion commander, Seized by the Germans at a farmer's house, where they recovered After surgery. Died after a short struggle. Specified to praise times Narrates and receives the letter, "Homeland War", Litmanovich Yitzhak, born in Sinai and with the occupation The Nazi tried to cross the Russian border with his family After shaking he came to Darcin. The next day the massacre fled with his family to the forests. Join Bullock's regiment. Fell in battle for Darzein. Lisovsky Deborah, born in Mosti, was in Darzain During the Nazi occupation and escaped from the ghetto to the forest. Fence fighting "Burba" Lipician girls. Fell on the hunt. Lipmanovich Chaim, was born in a town near Suwalki. During the war he lived in Darzein. Went out with his sister to the woods And joined the regiment, Pobida "in the Rhoda forests. Was in charge For supply in the battalion, participated in food obtaining operations and battles. Fell with his sister in Kozloveshtsina, Lipshovitz Eliyahu, son of Nahum Ya'akov and Batya, was born In 1914 in Darchen A Betar member. He helped his father work in the mafia. A soldier in the army The Polish, One of the first Jewish partisans in the Dubrovnik forests - Noted. Commander of the Second Division of Dr. Atlas' Company, He was a platoon commander in the battalion, Povida. " In the battle for Dartzin (10,842) he stormed with partisans Jews on the gendarmerie building and occupied it. With five Other partisans (including Dr. Atlas) caught a plane A German who made a forced landing in the village of Lanczewicz (41042) When the partisans attacked Rodayevska (in the forest) Lipichan), a place where the Germans tried to place a garrison To fight the partisans, Eliyahu Lipshovitz penetrated with his platoon First to the village and subdued the Germans. To the other units Not left, but to help collect the loot, Participated in the unloading of a 20-car train on the Valkoy line Bisque-Baranovich During the Great Siege of the Forest (1242) he was near Dr. Atlas, and when it was wounded by the deaths appointed by the company commander, Calling for revenge on the death of the revered commander stormed with his soldiers On the positions of the Germans and these fled, By order of Moscow he blew up his house with his troops The cypress cement factory (Allyde Volkovisk), and lasted six New silent cement production in the factory, Sepo Darzain In their attempt to eliminate partisan activity, they launched The Germans have a large army around Drzein. Eliyahu Lifshovitz Went out with his warriors to ambush in the village of Sliza Podgarblani, captives- Blood was to strengthen the partisan force that was hiding near a bridge Destroyed at the entrance to the Darchen forests. The fighters were found in the area Visible, they disguised themselves, Eliyahu Lipshovich who huddled in the rope Which was tied to a mine buried under a plank of a pick-up bridge Through which the Germans prepared to pass. The German tank does not Can cross the rickety bridge, officers and soldiers tried Transfer it to the creek. Alik pulled the rope, the mine Exploded at the German concentration camp, 12 machine guns began Rain on them. Thirty Germans and Ukrainians were killed. The Germans withdrew first, and then opened strong fire from a distance Hundreds of meters. Partisans were and were injured in the exchange of fire The commander's sister. 80 Soviet paratroopers arrived in the Lipitzan forests, And within them a person entrusted with making contact between all the units Fought in the forests of Belarus and Pulsia. Hela chose Elijah Lifshovitz for the position in charge of linking all Hello units " Warm. Along with six warriors chosen by him, he visited At battalion and brigade headquarters, crossing railroad tracks And dangerous roads. On his return he won the letter "War of the Homeland" Level A. By the end of the war he had participated in the unloading of 22 trains from The stripes, After the liberation he enlisted in the Red Army. Then Joined Kibbutz Pachah in Lignitz (Lower Silesia), killed In an attack by Polish fascists while guarding the kibbutz (5.46), Lifshovitz Chaim Yehoshua, son of Nahum-Yaakov and Batya, Born in 1910 in Dratzien. A Polish officer in the Polish army, A member of the Jewish organization fighting in the Drzein ghetto. Escaped with His brother and with his sister to the forests of Rudaidobrovshtsina. Belongs to Organizers of the Dr. Atlas Company. In addition to being a machine gunner, he served as the commander of the farm unit In the company of Dr. Atlas. Participated in all the battles of his company. When the partisans were forced to retreat after a battle in Kozlo " In Chesapeake Haifa on them together with Dr. Atlas in the machine The shot. Earned a commendation mark for it. Together with his brother Eliyahu, he stormed the police building Military in Drezien. Participated with his brother in all the battles he fought The battalion. He was seriously wounded during the siege by the army and was killed The Forests (2444). When he found no way to escape he shot himself So that it does not fall into the hands of the enemy. Lifshowitz Taibe ("Tanya"), daughter of Nahum Ya'akov And houses. Born in 1919 in Drezien. She studied in a Polish school, An active member of Betar. During the Soviet occupation, he joined Here for the sewing cooperative, With the German occupation she was sent to forced labor. Escaped With her three brothers to the forests of Ruda "Dubrovshtsina", she joined To Dr. Atlas' company. Participated with her brother in all battles 577 As a warrior and as a compassionate sister. She then joined the battalion , Pubaidai (under the command of Bullock), She excelled in a battle with the garrison in Darchen Kozloveshtsina captured a German mortar, previously used No. 2 in "Maxim" from which her brother Chaim Yehoshua shot. Was commended in the battalion's order of the day In a battle fought by the village of Salizia (15 km from Darzain) Acted as a machine gunner. She was hit by a mortar shell and taken home Partisan patients. Despite the dedicated treatment she suffered from poisoning- Blood and death. In a letter she wrote on her deathbed she encouraged the warriors, Lanczewski Tukia, was born in 1911 in Drezin Fur. He joined the Pobida Regiment in the Lipichan Forests A butler, but voluntarily participated in combat operations. Note Praise for the courage in his heart. After the battle of Kozlovshtsina (2,3.43) suggested to his commander that he penetrate the town and light three Dairy factories that supplied their produce to the Germans. He took five with him Partisans and carried out the mission. In the attack, carried out by a group of partisans on a flotilla point- Re in the Rodan forests, first burst towards the police fortifications. Fell from a bullet fired by a German tankist. Lantzvitsky Moshe, born in 1915 in Darchen Tailor. He fled to the forests and was admitted to the battalion, Povida. "First Served in a farm unit, then moved to a combat unit. Participated in all combat operations of the battalion. 3 times Commanded by the headquarters. Fell in battle on Vilnius Road, Lanczewski Shmerl, born in Borzain. Honeysuckle escaped With his wife and two children. Appointed as commander of the family camp Next to a battalion, Povida. "Participated in supply operations. During a manhunt for the Dubrovnik forests, when the battalion retreated To the Grabski forests, Merl stayed with his family in a bunker, When the camp men returned to their place, they found only Shani there His children, who said their father was killed during an exchange of gunfire With the Germans. To Israel, he came from Derezin to the forests, bread in ranks Povida Battalion. "Wounded in one of the battles and died of wounds. Manikov Nehama, daughter of Maashal and Ganendil Bliznyansky. Born in 1886 in Drezien. A midwife. She escaped from the Dretsin ghetto After the Great Massacre. She served as a nurse in the battalion, Pubeida. " She moved from there to Kozayev's regiment. Was one of the founders The partisan hospital in the Lipitsian forests. Died of poisoning- Blood, Miller Nippen, born in 1921 in Darzain, son of Couple Miller. Electrician and locksmith. The Germans employed him In his profession outside the ghetto. On the day of the massacre the honeysuckle escaped and arrived To Dr. Atlas' company. He was active in sabotage operations on trains The Germans excelled in dredging. Participate in all activities Dr. Atlas Company, In a battle against a corps: the German situation in Broda was put on The guard at the edge of the forest. After the successful completion of the operation 578 Moshe Ugolnik came to replace him and found him dead. He fell Probably from a stray ball According to another version he fell in the great hunt while he was mowing The entrances to the forest. Sucker Melech, born in Darzen, son of Shalom and Tzvia, With the German invasion he moved to Zeitel. When initiated by the chairman of the Judenrat Adv. Alter Dworecki the establishment of the Partani headquarters In the underground, attached below. Provocation of a POW Soviet and the imprisonment of Shalom Pylon during the purchase of weapons, Caused all the members of the staff to flee to the forests of Lipichan, After Alter Debretsky and Moshe Pazdonsky were murdered on By partisans, moved with four of his friends to the forests Nalibuk (12.5.42), they joined a Jewish company in the battalion "Stalin", Battalion, Stalin "attacked the German garrison in Nalibok. The Jewish company was intended to launch an attack from another wing, And the Russians had to join by an attack on the wing Other. Due to the arrival of German reinforcements, it was decided to postpone The attack. An error in the signal caused the gestures to open In an attack without the assistance of the other partisans. Of 39 fighters The company survived only the key. King Sucker was killed In this battle. Pinom Pinchaf, born in Suwalki. Cobbler. When she broke out The war moved to Dorchen, where the Soviets ruled From the Ghetto to the Forests, he joined Dr. Atlas' company and proved Omtsilb in the first battle - in the partisan attack on Hila situation in Drzain. Pinos was injured and lay at home for six months. The Partisan Hospital. When applicable, demanded to participate in the actions. Participated in many battles, excelled in the operation of setting fire to the bridges Above the river she drew. After taking off 4 German trains From the stripes, he was awarded a high medal of excellence, After the liberation he was drafted into the Red Army and fell at the front, Shlomo Pintelewski arrived in Belarus from Poland, Fled to the woods, joined the 51st Battalion, and from there moved to his battalion Of Bullock. There are two versions of his death: a. He stumbled To Darzin when Lithuanian units managed to take over, After the partisans conquered b. He fell while his unit Protection of the entrance to the Dubrova forest. Excelled in the battle in which he fell. Fellerman Hirsch, born in 1910 in Drzein. After His marriage moved to Lida, where he ran a grocery store. Active In the working-class Israel movement and in the Poalei Zion party (Z.S., The Russians employed him in a military battle. During the German occupation He worked in workshops in the ghetto. Fled to the forests of Lipichan (1142, and joined the battalion , Burbay (Orlyansky). In the "Burba" battalion, an atmosphere prevailed Unsympathetic to the Jews. Rumors of dissolution were circulated The weapons of the Jews. Feldman escaped with 22 fighters Well fucked to Nalibok. They joined the Kalinin Regiment. " (Commanded by Belsky), When a battalion, Ordzhnikidze, was formed, "a young man joined him The guild of Belsky and his talented warriors, especially the Book Thirty The fugitives from Lipichan. Feldman is one of the good keys Of the sabotage unit. Battalion fighters and battalion fighters; October " His name is an ambush for a convoy of German cars, moving on the road Koshlava. The first shot was fired by the partisans Too soon, the Germans were prepared for battle, and the partisans Those who feared a siege withdrew in battle. Feldman, who charged On the Germans, killed (23: 1243 or 426,143 Kushnir Shlomo, was born in Darzain. We will roll into the ghetto Baranovichi. Excellent locksmith. Transferred to the labor camp in Kol- Digibio. Experts, Jews, were concentrated in this camp And not Jews, after all the ghettos in the area were liquidated. Jews Were murdered in the daily camp, On his own initiative a "rescue committee" was set up and he was appointed at its head According to his plan, a hole was drilled in the wall of the tannery factory Near the lake, the patrol dogs were poisoned and on the night of a blizzard (25.3.43) All 93 Jews fled through the wall breach to The frozen lake and from there to the forests. The Germans conducted a manhunt, and found out The bunker where Kushnir hid with 20 Jews. Kushnir Committed suicide, the 20 were killed, the others joined the battalion of Belsky. Kriner Avraham "Chase, Knoller in 1927 in Michinets, Yeshiva student. When the war broke out, he worked with his family To note, Escaped to Roda Forest. In the forest he met his friend Meir Steinberg and they both joined the regiment, Pobida. "Hotel They must take care of the provision of capital for the luxury hospital. Tizani, Participated in the battle for Darchen. He went out with Meir to bring Food from Drezien The two encountered a police ambush and an exchange The shots fell on the two friends, Karpanowski Hanna, born in the town of Drzien in 1 Escaped from the ghetto on the day of the massacre along with dozens more Jews and arrived in the forests of Roda-Dubrovsczna, the base of Bulk's Partisan Regiment. The command did not agree to accept him To his ranks due to the severe shortage of weapons that prevailed a At the encouragement of the Jewish fighters, the command decided To install the German garrison in their hometown, The battle ended in a complete victory for the partisans. About 50 Policemen and Germans were taken prisoner and executed in the square The market. The rest fled for their lives. For a long time the town was Under the rule of the partisans and Germans they did not dare to return To her. The Jewish partisans David then fell in battle Dombrowski, Chaim Shelkowitz and Berl Baranowski. Hanna was injured During the battle and transferred to the battalion base in the forest, where he died From his wounds. Krasnovsky happy, born in Dresin. Partisan In the battalion, Powier, "worked at the brigade's headquarters in the Rhoda forests. He excelled in the battle for Darchen Ukrainians, to study and eliminate them, Fell after liberation in German assassination operations Dads roaming the woods, Book Thirty Rosenthal Yitzhak, born in the Suwalki area, moved with him His parents went to Darzein, where his father practiced medicine. From his childhood they were discovered Featuring musical talents, During the Aktion in Drezien he was hidden in an attic and seen from there How to eliminate the ghetto. That night he fled to the forest And joined Dr. Atlas' company. He was assigned to be a liaison Between the battalion and the brigade headquarters. Participated in all promotions The company, In the battle for Kozloveshchna he was killed while submitting a pagan To his gunner friend. Rosenzweig, Dr. Israel was born in 1911 In Kielce. Studied medicine in Czechoslovakia. With the German occupation he moved to the area of ​​Soviet occupation, Worked at the hospital in Drzein. Soviet prisoners he analyzed He learned of the location of the partisan base in the forests Rudaidombrovshtsyzna. Extended the stay of the prisoners At home: the patients deliberately, and allowed them to escape to the forest (between The rest is within them Bullock, When the ghetto was liquidated, his wife and child perished. At the time of the massacre he Was in the hospital, and by the time the Germans reached him he had escaped And fled to the forest. A few days later he participated in the attack Bullock's Regiment on the Dresin Corps. In the same attack Medical equipment was confiscated from the hospital, which formed the basis For the equipment of the partisan hospital established in the Lippi forests- Cyan. Dr. Rosenzweig served for a time as a sole physician, Until more doctors came and the load was slightly eased On him. Transferred to the Avrushilov Battalion "which consisted mainly of Nim who escaped from prisons with the German occupation. Server As the battalion doctor. Being loved by his commanders he managed to numb The sting of antisemitic actions by partisans Quite a few, After his release, he became the director of the hospital in Zolodok. Left Russia. Lived for a while in Poland, from there moved to Italy And immigrated to Israel (1948). Served as a regional military physician in the district Haifa. Died after a serious illness (0554). Reich Gronia (Salia), born in 1920 (circa) In Warsaw. Nurse. After conquest and conquest by the Germans She fled with her husband and toddler to Darchen. She worked there at home Municipal Hospital, On the day of the massacre, a girl perished. Gamalta with her husband to the forest, There they joined the unit of Boris Bullat, who commanded the PLO On a battalion, Povida. "Accompanied as a nurse to the departed To battle, During the hunt, Gronia Reich encountered a group of 7 Jews, commanded by Yosef and Gmeister, who escaped from Slonim There was a crack in his chest. She took care of him, and joined the group. Together they reached the Lipichan forests, and joined the Cap- Linsky in the "Burba Battalion". She also served as a nurse in this battalion And accompanied the warriors as they went out into action, During the manhunt for the Lipichan forests it collided with a guard 59 German. While retreating she fired at the Germans who attacked, She was wounded and her soul swelled with the rifle in her hand Steinkarg Meir, born in Michinets. Fled to the forests Around Darzain and joined with his friend Avraham-Motel Krieger To the Bullock Regiment. Both were required to provide food to the hospital The Partisan. Despite their young age his partner in the attack on Thirteen. When they went out one day to pick up groceries they went over German ambush. In the exchange of fire they killed 3 Germans And then both fell, w Shalev Baski, Avigdor (Vitya) son of Yitzhak and Rachel, Born in Darsein. Account Manager. Escaped with his family To the forests of Lipichan and joined the regiment, Pobida "(in command Bulak). His brother Shlomo was killed in battle, and he was looking for opportunities To avenge his blood. Take part in unloading 3 trains from the track The iron near Zelba and participated in battles until she fell ill with climbing, And his legs froze. After lying in hospital for almost a year A partisan became disabled and had to make do with activity at the base, Despite his disability he took part in the battle of degeneration against the Germans, And fell on the road to Darwana, His parents, two sisters and brother also fell in line The Partisans, Shlovsky Sima, daughter of Yitzhak and Rachel. Born in 2 In particular. Dental Technician, Fled with her family to the Lipichan forests. Joined To the battalion, Povida. "She served as a nurse and joined all Battalion battles. Won commendation marks. When the partisans tried to break through the last siege of The Germans (6.44) attached Sima Shlovsky to the captain A Soviet wounded in battle. Even after the battle it was imposed on her Treat him in disguise. A few days before release (28.6.44) were discovered by the people of Velasov and shot on the spot, Shlovsky, Feina (Fania), daughter of Yitzhak and Rachel, was born Badrzin. She fled with her family to the Lipichan forests And joined the battalion, Povida. " During the hunt she took part in all the battles. When titled the luxury- The Tisans pressed, divided into groups and many of them hid Their weapons for fear of falling into German hands. Back to her group At the battalion base she was asked about her weapon, she explained where Lies the weapon. The commander, Bullock, sentenced her and her friend Beila was sentenced to death, while the partisans did not have Yahweh Enough of abandoning weapons, no one will be harmed Shlowski Shlomo, was born in 1912 in Darchen. Study medicine. Nitar activist in his hometown. Fled to the Lipichan forests with all his family and joined To the battalion, Povida. "Participated in the battle for Dresin. Appointed Acting as Kuwaib, the company commander. Attend In battles, sabotage operations and unloading trains on the tracks Salons - Zelva, Excelled in attacking the police station in Mitchett, there Twelve policemen were killed, 80 Fell in the great manhunt in his position near the cannon from which he demonstrated The Germans, Shelkovich Eliyahu, was born in 1900 in Darchen. Owner of a bicycle repair workshop. Fled with his wife And his three daughters to the forests of Lipichan and huddled to his friend Bullak, who then began organizing the Battalion, "Povira." Headed supply operations and combat operations. Fell After the Battle of Darzain. Shlakovich Chaya, daughter of Eliyahu and Bluma. Was born In 1925 in Darzin. She attended Russian High School at Bishop She escaped with her family to the Lipizian forests, where they joined To the battalion, Povida. " Book Thirty Captured along with her mother and two sisters during the hunt The Great and with them a transport to Kolovshchizna, where they were killed after Torture. Shalkovich Chaim, born in 1923 in Drezyn, Learn frameworks. Employed by the Germans in a weapons depot outside To the ghetto. The thief stole a weapon for the ghetto, escaped on the day of the massacre with his rifle To the Roda Forests and joined the Dr. Atlas Company in the Regiment "Fobida". Fell during the attack on the garrison in Darsin. Sheflan Yitzhak (Isaac) fell in the forest shortly before The release. His son Sasha fell ill in the forest and died, The list of partisans who fell in Cuba was compiled according to the two volumes of the anthology in the publication "Yad Vashem", with information from the people of Darzain who were in the forests and their exploitation. We will remember the names of the fallen on the list as well as those, which, unfortunately, did not come up We can include their names in the hallucinatory list The name will avenge their blood! Wandering On wonder: about Book Thirty Taken aback by the storm / Mayer Bakalchuk I can not remember the other one Morning of March 23, 1939. Lived hob I then in Baranovich. The morning-hours We, and everyone around us, looked very Glass, bright. Jews came from Shacharit Home, ate on the rapid their meal And took the keys, in order to open he His shop and business and where his workshop, It was a normal day, just like that Who would want to blind us? Eyes. March is still coming to us in old age Was home late winter, when it was ellipso- Most sad on the soul, however That day was a sunny, a warmer one. On such a day, Jews loved stone A little outdoors, catching a conversation, talking about Politics - In this case, the Jews were BCI. A thunder of bright skies Nobody thought about war. D Polish government has consistently assured that Poland is strong and no one will dare Stick with it. Jews have believed - It was good for them to believe in this. Although the rise of Hitlerism in Germany instilled fear in everyone And the anti-Semitism in Poland has increased Already well felt in various wings- Cels of economic and social Life - the Jews in Poland did like that It is experienced, believed that this ever Will avoid and life will continue Go so stable and safe ui until now. We must not forget that Jews are in these Polish cities and towns sat well Rooted, with branched families, with Long-term livelihoods, occupations and businesses. It's They were more comfortable believing in the Legal constitution, in their Jewish sense And, above all, Jewish life Was organized, it swelled and Engraved with parties, organizations, voices Tour associations, schools, libraries, banks, Aid institutions and institutions. Eden Did not want to allow theirs Consciousness sadness and thoughts, Which may have been undermined Their belief in better times, So indeed is the knowledge of this, That Germany had taken over the Lithuanian Fort Memel, fell into the Jewish street On March 23, 1939 as a thunderstorm Hell heaven. A few hours later, the Poles Government announced an immediate mobilization Of all military-capable men. Me too I was mobilized the same day, So are the carefree morning-hours Was suddenly transformed into a bitter Nightmare. Businesses and workshops are Closed, everything runs home. Men With bags in their hands, accompanied by Cry of their wives and children, with Heartfelt blessings from parents, have Himself allowed to the collection points. After such a noisy and frightening day Came a sad evening. The umet Everyone dominated, houses were Closed, hearts trembled. None Still did not know and did not understand With what it all smells and what sweats Get out of here - but fear passes Unknown was even stronger. Now it is clear to me that that day is Was the first message of the second World War I, of the saddest era In the history of our nation, visitation " That of the Jews throughout Europe. Outsider from my home First with a ride weeks ago I am Came to Baranovich from my home- Shtetl Derechin. I settled in mine New place to live and started building one New life. I was released on March 23rd Moved out of my new home. I did not appear To see my tatns haz in derechin for My supply to the military. Comprehensive By train I passed the same Deep hearted send my greetings to my dad- Mom's house and asked of my parents a Congratulations. From that day until September 1st Through months of tension and uncertainty. Now I see that these months are still Was an opportunity to save a great Part of Polish identity - but who has Then foresaw the awful close to- Concept? And where was such a Jewish on- Practice, which should be strong enough too Predictable on undertaking such Huge rescue action 1 In the last months of his death I was stationary here. Near, along with a considerable part of Poles Army, on the Polish-German border. In the last dates of the month of August have I received a leave of 14 days, order To participate in my family-joy mid Birth of my daughter. I have however Appeared to rejoice with my dear only One day, I was immediately called Back in the army I fell In the wake of the war, which is out- Broke the 1st of September. It's hard to describe those 2-3 weeks Of September 1939. this was not the case No war, no resistance - just a Continuous, day-to-day escapes Hate. The whole strategy of Polish mi- Literature was a search in those weeks Book Thirty Of the easiest and nearest ways to Access to the Russian border. I did Hopefully the Red Army will come along Aid, but Russia was already there Associated with Hitler-: Germany through Ribbentrop-Molotov-Facts. The Red Army Has, under agreement with Germany, occupied The western regions of Ukraine and Vys- Russia, In the tabernacle days of that year I had Found himself in captivity ba der Red Army, Under Soviet Sovereignty My hometown Derechin and my new Baronovich's home is already occupied. Worn (Ba the Russians called it: released By the Red Army. The newer Regime throws fear on the Jews Nobody knows what new changes are taking place. Mornings will bring tomorrow. First Were left, even named, open the Private businesses, shops and workshops. Then there are the larger magazines and Nationalize all major enterprises Became. On everything that tasted with Private initiatives have been launched Became. Big taxes. Then the series of arrests began : And shipments. Firstly, they are richer Families were sent to smaller ones Towns, dreamy what beyond the Border. Afterwards it was taken to Former manufacturers, contractors, owners Intelligents, Zionists, Bundists and even Treason Communists were condemned and expelled Became somewhere deep in Race. It's for- The smile of the Jewish houses disappeared. At that time I returned no Baranovich of the Soviet Prison Community and soon after traveled home No derechin. How poor is it then- Saw our Derechin! Suddenly there are Book Thirty Destroying the Traditions of Tens of Two- Ruth. My dad, the rabbi of Derechin did With sorrow and grief watched, as the Jewish holiness is transformed into mockery. Youth no longer appear in Beit Midrash. I can do whatever I want, it's a reality Became fashionable to speak Russian, assimilate In the new Russian environment. It's already Everyone has the conviction that the Russians remain firmly in our regions Always. Jews began to Get used to the idea that they will already be alive In Soviet regime. The new life- Steiner began to become a citizen in The Jewish street. But this is how things turned out. Accustomed to the new situation and rule, Older Jews have renewed their oldness Way of life, went to beit midrash Entered, studied a page of Gemara, buried. A Some Jewish children have even started Go back into room. The Soviet power Did not pay attention in those days On the all things. Derechin then had a completely different one Faces, as in the pre-war years. A total Businesses arrived from cities and Towns in Poland that were un- Ter the German rule. The Derechiner Jews have now received the refugees warmly, Helping them with whatever he could. Derechin in those days I visited mine in those months Parents. From my fathers and from my colleagues And friends in Derechin I have the- Do you know what Derechin went through? In the last days of Polish rule And in the transition period, until they are Arrived the Soviets. A group uneducated- Word-of-mouth young people, infected with code Mogism, he tried, seized power " In Derechin before the arrival of the Soviet army. They have detained several 385 Acting Polish officers. After the Officers, who were a forerunner of A greater representing Polish force, issued The Polish soldiers arrived and s'hot Literally considered Ba A Fogrom. My dad did Suspended his life, was issued to the Tseushete Polish soldiers and they promised Found out their officers. With much effort is He succeeded in convincing the Jewish youth, That she should release the Polish officers. The representative flocks were in Hurry to escape as soon as possible before the enemy, And so a blood-stained Bath in Derechin. In those dreadful days without A power in Another thing happened: it's gone A rumor across town that the left young- People, Jews and Christians, gather to shoot The local Catholic clergy, which is Known as a liberal man, who Behaved kindly to Jews one day For this was indeed hung in the same Became the local glech, which the Heated teenagers have been charged in Sharp anti-communism. When my father found out about it The danger that threatens the Derechiner Gleh, he decided to do something to Prepare a murder for which Jews want God forbid you have to pay too much. The parent Is away in the middle of the night to the clear and quiet- Brought him to our house, and he Hid in bedroom. To- In the morning, large groups of young people gathered around. Called our house, demanding to leave- Give them the glitch. My dad left. Placed in front of the door and painted that Only over his dead body can she herself Entered our home. In an argument between Tatian and the Newly gathered congregation arrived in shtetl The first Soviet outpost. Seeing They have a large crowd in front of our house I wondered what happened. When they 386 Have learned about the matter with Glech, said one of the Soviet people Asked my mother for a table. He did Stood on it and explained The public that, the Soviet power bahan- Dlt everything and everyone according to code and No one has any right not to judge and Issue on whom is a verdict ?. D Young men were raped and mine His father was a member of the Soviet Army Expressed gratitude for his justice and Courageous attitude, Thus it was again anointed Misfortune, which could bring terror- Leaky results on the Derechiner Jews I knew my dad as a student- Wise man, who always thought only of Study. I have never seen in him No hero. Every thrill has him Filled with fear. It's really for me It was a wonder where it came from It took him so much courage in the heavy Moments of the Derechiner Church. A farewell forever Two weeks before the outbreak of the war Between Germany and Russia I have to Last visited Derechin. My fathers I happened to be sitting on the same square And renew his innovations in the Torah, as Everything around him would not matter to him at all. Dad showed me a letter from My brother Ben-Zion, whom he Same day received. With a ride months My brother was taken back In the Soviet Army, and his letter Came from deep Russia. My dad Read me the lines of letter and Shocked with head, full of pain and Grief. The father the student has Foresaw that he would show more Out, my brother does not see, and can not even Maybe he won't be able to see me anymore A bitter-black is lying on my father- Book Thirty Moms home. In a depressed mood Hob I said goodbye to my family. It's Been a farewell forever Looking for a way to escape In the spring months before the outbreak of The German-Soviet war is back Became not secretive. Something is in the Atmosphere hung without unrest, A premonition From the evil winds that shall come. My Wife and little girl Friedele are too Were filled with fear and sadness. Eden Arum Have taken run, leaving hob and Good. It is not the capital, Vilnius Of Lithuania, the gift of the Soviet Government of the Lithuanian people. Lithuania is then Were free, not occupied, though under the Influence of Soviet Union, and had Own Lithuanian government. Therefore be Indeed many Jews, and also flocks, ran No Vilnius, and Fundorten is a part of it Away to Japan, China and even any country- Israel. The road to Vilnius was paved Needed, especially for a family with little ones Children. The panic increased from day to day, Especially since I met myself every morning Knows that this or that of the known Was also ran no Vilnius. The Soviet power in Baranovich is | Also was denervated and gave up All her plans of affirming herself on Place. On June 22, 1941 they appeared Over the city the German airplane The message of do and destruction. The city Was heavily bombed and was pre- Turned into ruins. The power has I did not know what to do with myself. First Tens of thousands of young people were mobilized In the military, but no one has any approval Didn't know what to do. I did Saw, as in the Soviet offices burns People documents and papers and the families Book Thirty Of the higher officials leave the city In greatest panic. The mobilized have No address to whom to contact Turns and thousands of them were known See flashing on all roads around, People were running aimlessly over the Highways. Soviet radio kept going Reported that the Germans had interrupted Some front-leagues, but soon, soon, They will be driven back. I believed This radio, because people wanted to believe that This is the truth. Nobody knew Then think that in a matter of days Will the Germans reach Minsk? And Slutsk. It was hoped that the former Russian border is heavily fortified and There the Germans will have a very black one Discriminatory. I who accompanied Mid-stream But the brutal march of the Germans Went forward without stopping. People Ran so that "temporary" wears out Next to the German soldiers, who will Certainly not take on forced-labor women And children. So I too was carried away Became with current, being sure that in A short time later, as only the Germans want To be pushed back, I will return soon Be with my dearest, with my wife and Daughter, Who would have thought that I was See you with them forever and they will Go through the hell of ghetto, of suffering, Hunger and death? Later I heard Concerning their torture in the Barano ghetto Witcher rescued. She gave me the Counted that my little daughter used to say To her mothers: Go, the father has us Promised to come back, and he will come But we will not be. "And so bear I in my heart the memory of my dearest And their sufferings, the remembrance of the saints, 387 Which I will not forget until my last Minutes, On the roads of cities and towns Have drawn from the farthest areas Waves of tens of thousands of people Single, families, mostly young people I ran hundreds of kilometers, a for- Borrowing power has driven us all Forward. Children were raised on the way. At every step and step - German diver- Santan. Peasants waited on Germans Occupant, even appeared with bread and salt Met him, not afraid to go Representing Soviet Army. For the Peasants in the ditch were a force Why is she getting rid of the Bolsheviks? Weeks and of the Jews and once have We encountered a lot of Russians Soldiers, well armed, who have not Knew what to do with their weapons. Until One of them started shouting, "Bri- The! For whom are we going to shed ours? Acorn? It does not pay to wage war! Let us "Go down, find a way home!" - and They are, in fact, devastated In the field the guns and ammunition. Then have I saw that meanwhile there was no power who Should restrain the German in his march deep Entered Russia, So we dragged ourselves across fields And forests, creeks, and swamps. Not one- Sometimes I wanted to stop somewhere In a forest and no longer drag mine Bleeding legs with the torn boots. Hob I always had a good friend, Chaim Schwartz, A Baronovich teacher who took me along. Towed, comforted and encouraged, saying Consistently:, better go ahead without power before Stay here without life. "I do not know where he is Now, ot the life black, but if he If he lives anywhere, he will probably read the show. " Ruth. Let him know how grateful I am Him my whole life for his help in those Wander-days. 388 I do not even remember how long we have had Wandered on foot, until we found ourselves On a train that took us to Cain Russia. Our transport was one of Thousands, full of possessions, which are Arrived deep in Raceway, far from the ML- Hot. The front was already very wide Of us. With a ride weeks later Us already warmed the sun of Bukhara, in Central Asia. I did not bring any books with me Child of Derechin, accidentally happened in Tashkent kills thousands Tim. A little boy was running around there Between huge crowds and loudly afterwards- Asked, maybe there is someone from slo- Nimer area. I recognized him, it was Was the son of Hirschl Dvoretsky. The joy of both of us was unbearable Describe. I took him and him Was with me until he was gone Soviet Army. Remained he still The war in Russia, as one of a Many strayed and lost children Of Jewish parents, who are through Storms of those years were torn apart Their tribe, In the next booklet It is difficult to describe the life of the Genesis, families and lonely people Older and young, in the discarded Gentlemen from far away Russia. The care for ours Most expensive, for the families who are given Love there in the old homes in distress Of ghettos, as servants of the accursed German assassin never let us down Leave. How many restless days and nightmares Last night every one of us over- Lived in those years! The Soviet power turned to us Attract as to its own citizens, and Optmol even with more tact and care. Book Thirty But the times were hard for Everyone. Not everyone was able to adapt To the Soviet way of life. Nobody did Had no stable place and no one Did not have enough for it those who Worked received 400 to 600 Gram of bread a day, and also this not stone- Thick. Those who did not work had to Find his livelihood and piece of bread on a "Un-competent and always out." Placed on the danger of severe Law. Virtually all, local beers - Convert and benefits. Rarely when could Met a lot of people. And then out- A typhus epidemic broke out there, too Dysentery has left many of these Refugees. But the most serious illness, which Has exhausted us all in those Years, was the famine, the non- Adequate nutrition. Many of the hungry Rich refugees were taken in Hospital, but this piece of bread there did She could no longer save herself from starvation. Dead, Judaism in the hungry days It's almost unbelievable, as in such Shocking conditions pulsated a Jewish life in those areas, or rather Says: A Shadow of a Jewish Life I remember, like a brisk Jew, a disciple Wise, points out one of the esteemed husbands- He has houses in his hometown, R 'Zelik Called, once invited me to see Something like that will surely help me He brought me to a bookstore, Poorer cabin. On the ground is there Sitting an old Jew with a gray beard, Around him sat many young men and Children. The rabbi has with his last powers Said a lesson in Gemara. That was A yeshiva with all the pitchforks, as in the Former years in our old home, Duchamp Book It was the connoisseur goon, who The war also rejected Bukhara. He decided to detain the Jew Spirit of young generation, lest he should God forbid Perish abroad in years of ml- Hot. Later, the Goan died in Bukhara and all his disciples had him Accompanied in his last way into. Thanks to the stubbornness and devotion of such Dear and faithful Jews, our people Endured the long exile. We have this All so understood and cared for the Seating. None of us gave up. Says of giving help. We were there People from all walks of life, Grown up in all kinds of youth organizations And were in various parties - But there were all been together and Did everything to keep the Jews Spirit, in what form he should not be Express. Every thing that has in itself Had a shred of Jewish continuation, is We have all been supported. It's hot We all have one thing in common: Bung of Zionism. In the largest conspiracy we have Took up learning a little juggling, and Mainly Jewish history, the Jewish youth Of Russia itself. The young Jews, who are Rooted for many years Of their nation, have literally laughed to know Something about the history of identity. We They clearly saw how it turned out In their hearts a spark of Jewish pat- Riotism. In one of such evenings, when we Were sitting with a larger group of young- Edited and talked about Jewish issues, said Suddenly, an unexpected appearance appears in the door. Better guest, for which all are afraid Had. Was this a party member, for- It turns out that from the Communist Party, A manager of a large enterprise, 389 He angrily asked what we were doing Here at such a large gathering, not me Sing, not dance - just keep going One speech. I had no choice but to Clarifies that we are talking about the bitter Situation of the refugees, who are already not Able to work. He called us immediately Leave the place and no more pick up Themselves in such large groups. A few days later, in the late evening- For hours, someone knocked on my door. I opened it and saw for myself Strict party member. He asked me Go out to him outdoors. I have myself Well scared and picked myself up with My freedom. How surprised I was Worn, when the man pointed at me On a large flock and said to me:; ot "Take this for your poor refugees." Was a pack of things, clothes, Which are indeed early in the morning for- Divided among the needy. Of Then without man the man became a stable Provider of assistance to the refugees. When He used to hear from us about the situation Of the Jews, used to show tears in his Eyes. Later he even used to listen With interest the debates between Beitar And the Watchman-Younger, and precisely he did Held with the adherents of Jabotinsky. Among the Russian Jews there were many, Which they longed for in their hearts Palestine. When I was arrested in 1942 By the N.C.W.D. They want to mobilize In the Polish army of General An- Ders, I'm in the course of a ride hour Researched by an investigator, Suddenly he released me, asking We, why do not I want to stay in Russia- Country, just pick yourself up no Israelite. When I explained to him that I was not thinking Of Israel, just wants to go fight against Hitler in the ranks of the Poles 90 Army, in which I had previously served, did He me with a smile answered that this Everything is protocol, but the truth He knows well, My release was a great rescue- Not for all my acquaintances. It's me There was a great punishment for coming We found two passports, on two un- Dere names. The matter became clear to me In the year 1945, when I got this investigator Of N.C.W.D. Happened in Vienna, in known Rothschild Hospital, which served as Transit camp for refugees. We have ourselves Embraced, kissed and cried for Joy. He said to me, 'Then you have Not wanting to tell, I found myself "Take this road to Israel," he said. I do not know where he is now, But where he should not be should him kind Congratulations. Russia was a good school for that Communists, where they could have found out The truth of the Bolshevik regime. I Must mention Samuel, the derechiner Young, stubborn communist. He has Demanded in Derechin from my fathers, he Should issue the glh, which has itself Hide from us. He served Trey The Soviet power in Derechin, and When the Russians withdrew, they did Samuel took it with him. In 1943 I once received such items- Revuech the photographer and tells that He met a derechin's young man In a terrible condition. That was Samuel. He escaped from work Camp. In which he had to, over- To be educated "... We took him to ourselves, arranged, Dressed and made back for a man. He became a good, faithful Jew and Helped each one with whatever he wanted Could. Until he is arrested again Was arrested and charged with espionage. Book Thirty Nazh. He was torn from us And no one knows where he is Now. The local Bukharan Jews raised us. Taken as brothers, though we have with She had no common language. Were Be they faithful Jews, beware the religious Customs and longing for Zion and Jerusalem, Back at the devastated home Nobody knew how long the ml- The heat will last and when it will start End to our voyages. A part of the Jewish refugees from Poland fled Otherwise Polish army, to arrive By Iran no Israel. Others are Away in the Polish regiments of Soviet Union Military tables, which organized the Left-wing writer Wanda Vasilevska. D First, those who are away with others, Have arrived in the land of our hope- Nung and opt himself placed at the service of Our country under way. The others have Participated in the bloody march to Berlin And on the way they found ruined cities And towns, without Jews and without their nuns And most expensive. After Stalingrad came the over- Blessed on the front and it started- Lift the back-march of the Germans. Summer 4 have already been released Regions, but only in January 1945 hob I could arrive back no Baranovich And Derechin. A milder snow fell And easily covers the emptied, destroyed City of Baranovich. There is no Jew and In general there was post around. Hard to shell Then my sad mood in those days, When I did not find a male of mine Small family and from my home. No derechin I traveled with a Trembling in hearts. Once upon a time, think with Years ago, but total 4 + - 5 year issued Away from that time, I used to come Book Thirty Go home on vacation and find a warmth Family. Now, after years of wandering over Far, foreign lands, I have in their- Chin no one found and turned around As an orphan over my former youth- Streets. Every Gentile who met me, Looked at me in astonishment: how Is this a Jew saved I obviously found a little comfort In Derechin: two small children of mine Sister Queen, along with her husband Niamey Weinstein, were rescued from the slaughter- Th and life remained after such years of Fine, hunger and death. My sister queen Should run with them along, however Literally at the last moment she ran back In her house, to do something else Her two euphemisms - have you caught the Assassin, tortured and investigated, until she is In tortures expired. I did not recognize my parents. Everything around was burned, streets, streets- Lech and plain roads merged In one great, superficial ruin. Along with yet another Derechiner Rescued Jews care for me every morning Go to the mass-graves on Bliznyanskis Fields, say Kaddish, widen and widen Stray over destroyed derechin. I worked in Baranovich and each Traveled a few days; home ", no derechin, To be close to the spirit of my stu- Bike, which swept over the ruins 391 And to relive the memories of My youth in our town, Before leaving Derechin I still had Fulfillment of a Mission - Helping Jews Get Out- Russia smuggled into Poland. Until There was a suspicion on me and the 9th In May 1945, I left our home. City and away no Poland. I found my brother Boitzion Thanks to Hayke Rudenstein. She told him to- Happened in the newly-appointed to Poland changed. She warned me to- Prepared for the meeting with my brother. She did it with maternal tenderness- Playfulness and nobility, as long as she has it Could do, - she, beast, who has to- Saw her husband and were killed Children, remained alone and found after the Horrible years A comfort in helping that one. So she motherly, without envy, kept and Raising my sisters' children. But her heart did not endure long Such sorrow and loneliness, in which she has Lived. Still quite young she is away from us Here, in Israel. Since I found my brother back Ben-Zion, we have been together all these years And carry out this grief after destruction From our family and from our town Derechin: After a while I wondered In Poland, Austria, until I arrived in 1949- Come to Israel, to the one land that Is the home of our exhausted nation. 392 From the Stranger to the Homeland / Rebecca Becker Until the outbreak of the war between Germany and Russia I was In particular with my parents and the rest of the family. I worked at Yodel Shlyovsky's dental clinic. The day after the war broke out, the Russians began to retreat And sent their families to Russia. They celebrated all day The German planes above our heads. Mom approached me and my sister with an offer to pick up Put on some clothes and escape to the fields. The next morning A Russian, Jewish commander, who carried Deborah, approached us Shalkovich to a woman, and said: Whoever wants to save himself Will run away with us. We followed him, crossed the river Shachara on foot, we got guns from the Russians and arrived To the pre-war Polish-Russian border. - Book Thirty Stolpezi. Some of the fugitives, including my sister, returned To Darchin and I stayed at the front along with the army The Russian. From there I was sent to a Russian hospital in the home front. I spent 4 years in this hospital, in the city of Klooga, Aleid Moscow. As the Germans approached I was transferred Together with the hospital to Kazakhstan for about two months we were On the way with the hospital until we reached Fronza. With the beginning of the German withdrawal, the hospital closed There and transferred to Vitebsk, and I with all the personnel I worked there until 1944. In 1945 I was discharged from the army and was sent back To mark. While I was still in Fronza, I sent letters to Der- Isser Lev (seated on the right) with his students in a school in a DP camp in Bindermichel (Austria) Sefo Zarzain Noted the loose and did not get in the mashen for a long time Answer. Only in 1945 was a letter received from the chairman The management in Darzain where he writes, did not stay Jews in the town, because they were all annihilated by the Germans. When I arrived in Mitubsk in the salons in 1945 I found there only Yehuda Lantzevsky Winklewitz, In addition to one more family. I came to Derzain through Zelba. In Darzin I found Five pits, in which our saints were buried Murdered by the unclean Nazis, three pits In the fields after Bliznyansky, two in the crutch Old Ruth. I met only 3 Jewish families in Darchen: Lucia (Eliezer) the Freecils, Zeidl Freder, Alter Becker, now my husband. I lived in Darchin for about a year. A view of the town with Bowie There was a threat: the market and the German street burned down, a yard Synagogues on houses - burned. Everything went up On fire. The only houses that survived on Market Street: The house of Yehuda Wolfowitz and behind it Feitel's house 393 Bosk and Boma Grechuk, while Zelva Street remains In its entirety. The surviving families lived together in the house Quiet on Zelba Street. When the Russians allowed the Poles to leave Dretsin We moved with them to Lodz, Before we left Darchen we all gathered She'erit HaPleita, near the graves and we said Kaddish And to the merciful in heartbreaking weeping. And so we parted From our parents, brothers and sisters, our sons and daughters Dushim and the pure. After the pogrom in Kielce we decided to leave Lodz and we moved to Wroclaw and from there we smuggled across the border To the Czech Republic. The Czech Border Patrol grabbed us and ran Send us back to Poland. After crying and pleading Agreed to send us to Prague. We were transferred to the camp Refugees in the Czech Republic and from there to Germany. Here we met More Darchen sons. In Germany my husband and I were, 3 years in the refugee camp. In the Fatah camp, my husband A bakery with a nose for challah to sit in and put in the oven Hot to sit, In 1949 we arrived in Israel. A traditional wedding in a DP camp in Germany 394 Book Thirty I was uprooted from the rabbinical customs in Sinai / Rabbi Rey Yisrael Beir H. M. Kaplinsky On Lag B'Omer, 1904, I came to sit on Rabbinical chair in Moshava (Colony) Sineisk, one The rare colonies of Jews working the land, Founded over a century ago. I sunbathed To serve as a rabbi on the recommendation of R. Moshe Mazlava, a Jew A wise student was known. Memorandum of Agreement and Rest- It ended between me and the heads of the Sineisk community included These conditions: The heads of the colony accepted them for all- All me and my family by supplying their products Hak- Spell, such as vegetables, fruits, milk and dairy products, As well as monetary income from the sale of candles and part of customs The meat; And for my part, I had to take care of my own business Questions and answers in Israeli law; Require on Pre-holiday strawberries; To say a lesson at Shas, Secondary; Take care of the education of the younger generation and Train those who deserve to be sent to study At a living room meeting. Besides me he was in the colony again, A Jew is a wise and God-fearing student. Over time, the bond between me grew stronger. And residents Sineisk and became a brave bond of friendship. A Jew Sineisk, most of them honest farmers And diligent, took the warmth out of the ground and from the craft And there were observant Jews. They treated me With great respect and always took care of me and my family not We will lack nothing. I also tried to swear Their desire. In every joy and event I attended, my home Was open to everyone. Sometimes they would come Eli ask for personal and family advice; Guy too The environment treated me kindly and would promote the Peggy welcome. In 1935, about 13 families immigrated from the colony To Eretz Israel, with the help of the Farmers' Association in Eretz Israel Israel by the special emissary of the late Mr. Sitkov, The rise of the above was very noticeable in the colony, Because they made up about a third of all residents. In the colony there was a room, where children studied And girls together and their number reached up to 15--12 by Rabbi That would be inviting to all, time. " With the outbreak of World War II they went through The colony Jews who fled Poland. The whole community The little one welcomed them with open arms and approached Help them in any way they could. With the occupation The Russian of the eastern part of Poland moved to the Where Sinesik came under Soviet rule. The situation has changed For the worse, especially my condition. As a rabbi I was like a fleet Grandparents in the eyes of the authorities are persecutors, justice and fairness " And the Gentiles, who had formerly treated me with respect, changed They tasted and had already begun to speak in the Soviet style The infamous. My condition was in all bad present Knowing that I have no future in the place, and even expected I have the great danger of being sent to a land of destiny, to Si- Bir, as they have already done to other rabbis. So the I tended to risk my life and family life and escape In time for the claws of the predatory animals. Scared Lest they let me go already I said to the authorities, I was invited to be a rabbi in another city and secretly I went with my family. And after upheavals and anguish Many I came to Vilna, which was then in the hands of Heli- Taim. In one shake, when we smuggled across the border To Lithuania, I was captured by the Lithuanian border guards, I was arrested and brought to the police in one town on- The Border Hand, my wife and children were unable to cross The border and I did not know about their fate. Commander-in-Chief Tara, who hates Israel, is very happy to have succeeded To perceive a Jewish rabbi, a "speculator", and I do not know what Was expected of me. And behold, the Holy One has blessed me An idea and advice and I was able to be saved from the hands of evil. The police had two rooms, the commander sat in a room One and me sat in the other room. Until he comes The cop took me to jail. The door of the room was Open then I trusted Gd and ran away from the room Quietly. I left a small package on the bench, I said in my heart that if grace and peace catch me, I will justify that I went to buy cigarettes and food. I went out I ran from the police and entered a Jewish house and read Aloud: "Merciful Jews, save me!" And indeed The family saved me, opened the basement that was Under the floor and in the entrance and on the bitter door- Drum set up furniture. And so I lay all day and night In the basement, the police turned the whole town alive- Fushia after, but in the name of not being found. The Jews Decided to save me from danger, trimmed my beard and such Book Thirty I became young without a beard. The Buggy Clothes, Sit me on one cart with another cart and ho- Zionist from the town, and so I came to Vilna. Later For a while, my wife and son also came to Vilnius. Over time, many of my sons concentrated and gathered there Mir Yeshiva and we succeeded by various tricks And with the help of businessmen get and it is transit lipaf A whole group of Mir Yeshiva students arrived By plane to the Japanese city of Kobe where we sat with The members of the Mir and Lemdena Yeshiva supported us And to the Rescue Committee of the Rabbinical Association of America And Jews of the Cuban community. Our condition was good, we sat And we learned Torah. In late 1941, two weeks before the Japanese attack On Pearl Harbor, the Japanese authorities did not want to extend The who we were and exiled us from Cuba to my mother-in-law, who was So a city free and occupied by the Japanese. Our situation Became very difficult. We lived in great needlessness Help. For 28 months we were concentrated in a special ghetto, until the end 395 World War II. In Elul 1946 we managed to get there To the United States, with the help of a family member who sent me Requirement and travel expenses. Here, in the United States, we began to feel the The great freedom. Despite the long distance, I'm connected Even now with the people of Sinaisk who are in our country The saint and I came with them in an exchange of letters And with the help of the name, I was privileged to visit our country twice. Dosha along with my family and I met with my people Sineisk who accepted me happily and willingly. With all The pain and grief over the destruction of the Sineisk colony with All the holy communities by the Nazis will be erased, I was happy to find some of the residents of Sineisk, who won To immigrate to Israel and beat roots in our country and we all won In Gaza for the revolt of Israel and for miracles and wonders That Gd did with us and exterminated all our enemies qi Our soldiers are heroes of Israel. And I pray to Gd Israel, who will be blessed with the coming of the Messiah, we were soon right Nowadays an artist. The Kamantsky family, who came out of the forest, in the Bindermichel camp On the swords On the ruins Book Thirty 399 Back in Derechin / Sarah Vakhler-Agulnik It ended on July 13, 1944 Gave me a period of 2 years partisan. On this day have the women-partisans Receive a document that they have participated Taken in the war against the Germans Occupants. The men were deported. Were on the front, with the Soviet Army. The few Jews who succeeded Live to survive after the difficult partisanship Years, have since fallen into various Battles, as soldiers of the army that Fought with the Germans until Berlin Fell. They have taken revenge for everything What the Germans did to us. Nar Few survived the aftermath Hell, which they had to go through And whose likeness the story has until Now could not. The several women of Derechin have Took a walk back from Forest Home - Back to the sea that has not already Exists. Just obviously, where should one go! Is one walking on the tombs of. Father Mother, sisters and brothers. Before arriving in town I had this Heart trembled. I'm getting closer To the graves, where our dear and Own lies - the innocent, the dangerous- Nikte, the murdered, escaped from Life by the German assassin. For what !! For when ?! Tears welled up. But what good is a web site if it simply "blends in" with everything else out there? To this day, I wish it all German nation with its children this taste And the feelings of all the Jews who have Suffered under Nazi rule, this Waiting daily for death - until day Of the slaughter, and the cruelty, the Indescribable scenes from that horror- Laughter slaughter-day. Our brothers and sisters- They have done without fault, But they were Jews They, the German nation of Hitler's sheep And wolves, the nation of organizers Cruelty - it comes to an end like the one we have Happened! They have killed the greatest Part of European identity — yes, either way Bad and all the "good" German. Who I did not see them during the action. May I have no idea what A looks like People of murderers, with murderous eyes By criminal means, by extra- Beta plans of annihilation A nation. But Even the revenge, the greatest revenge on German assassins will not stop the shooting And heal not the wound which is slain Our dear, from hundreds of Jewish communities Luth, made every one of us And the whole Jewish community, With such sad thoughts and bre- I finished slowly, without courage Towed along the way no derechin and ge- Wanders aimlessly over her prey, Carob Gassen. Everything is burned, even already Overgrown with grass. Everything is destroyed, Flush with the ground. It's Mitac- Time, and sees no living soul Arum. A dead-silence in all streets and Street. Only in that corner of town, come meet- Stone mill, stand some rustic wagon- Lech. As with a needle in hearts and in Brain stings me through the thought of that first Three or four years ago, there was a Near, with streets and houses, with shops and Schools, with youth, with dreams, ideals and With all the good and hard seats of a 00 Pulsating, Jewish life. Here it was The schoolyard, and here - the market-place With the lovely porches for the houses, and There - the barracks. Only the church Standing with caution, as if in spite of yourself, With their lofty photographers into heaven, Here I come to the place where I first met Samuel lived a few years ago Abelovich with his wife Basha and with the Two daughters, Tsife and Sheindele. Tsipe in Been my neighbor from childhood. We Take care to prepare the lessons together. What This was a warm Jewish home! Such loyalty and love has itself Felt between the walls of their house. Now there is no one here who should even Can tell the sufferings and the fine, the feelings And thoughts of the family at last Minutes of their lives .. After their house is the burner, Destroyed schoolyard. I used to be there So opt. Beim Rb in house have lived My two friends, Malka and Zine Dubig- Chick Zil. The murderers have none Exhausted. The brutality of the Germans Stocks get even sharper when you give up Across the ruined streets of a former Live. Here, among the overgrown ruins, is Was the house of my neighbor Elke Lip- Shovitch, Noah's daughter. Here she is- Grew up, in a believable family with Such fine. Children. Also Dore Agulnik Found himself here. We all were In one class, taught together, to- Seeds dreamed, aspired to - and now I stand here alone,. With my memories And with a pain in the heart of the young Lives that have been cut short. I'm coming to the Slonimer already Street. This was once our house. Alas, alas for me, what is left of it! A desert, you only see a pit, there it is Book Thirty Once was the basement of our home. Melted pieces of glass lie in it Corner, where it is on the attic Passover meals .. Here was my family, people have Lived, worked, suffered, hoped, self- Always happy and waiting for something Better. Here, in a house that was once on The place stood, children laughed, Singing, playing, jumping, now They are all, with parents, with friends And comrades, all, all in the graves around, - And I live. To this day, I know No. By what virtue am I alive? Remained of all my near and dear ones. I stand in a burnt house and Before my distressed eyes go the Memories of our recent past. The Friday-to-night indoors, the light Who sparkle cheerful and Sabbath-keeping of all Window around, the brighter table with the Foods on his white tablecloth, the Kiddush From my father and our choir, Amen "... It was so Sabbath-keeping. Such My holiness hovered over ours Head, a holiness that can be had today Not found I walk away with sad steps from the Ruins of my former home. I am Already on Savicher Street. There used to be paper, All friends, pick up Rachel Nozh- Nitsky, who was one of the best Students come to us in class. Bring them home We used to feel better than everywhere. There was a beautiful orchard around their house With fruits and beehives. He's there Could thus freely breathe, the trees in Fields around us have always fascinated us A good mood. Spring and summer-time is There was literally a dacha. We fleet Very early departure for a walk in the mountains. Tear flowers, sing, tell various Things, serious and funny, and ours Songs and laughter have cried out Book Thirty Over the green fields. Is not good itself Of the Nozhnitskis has always reigned Such warmth and love between the Parents, Rachel's two sisters, Judith And Minnie, and the two brothers, etc. Winter, in the great forest, we care They had to gather themselves. Ba them is always Was warm and pleasant. Rachel's parents Let us never make a comment, That we disturb someone with our gay Speak and sing. I remember it so well The mother, Tamar, and the grandmother, Rebecca. As They were in two quiet pigeons Warm house from the dear family. The The father of the family used to come late Home from his work, but even then Was he kind, good and quiet, and This has affected all of us Strong that we used to go there with great Pleasure. And now I stand here at the tomb of Such a warm family life that will happen Never to return. Such precious People, such idyllic, popular, toys Life - everything, everything has been cut off Along with all the dear people of Dere- Qin and hundreds of cities and towns- Lech ... Except for the pain in my heart, my visit In destruction Derechin intensified my hatred To those who have - without any use for Himself and for the world - murdered A Jewish life. I saw a cake Revenge on the Germans, but it's like a Drop in Water. 201 What have I to do in the desert? Derechin? Look at the fake faces Of the Christians, who apparently speak with Mercy on us and in hearts she rejoices With our heritage, with the perfect- Lovely houses, in which they hide- Robbed of our possessions Less? Have mercy on the Christians Families who were left without a livelihood because Without Jews there would be no one to go to Sell ​​and for whom to work Who buys and orders a garment! I will not have mercy on them. I feel not in myself any mercy on her My home was quiet and sad. Shtetl. Quiet and sad I have before. Leave her ruins. But I will remember until the last day Of my life our derechin, where I Grew up, studied, dreamed And in whose land lie the bones of Our saints. Ot across the streets and Alleys they were driven, with the Small children on the hands, curled up To the heart, in their last horrible way - The men who probably knew each other Save, but have selected the dead Together with their wives, the parents, What about their little ones? Went to the death-grave .. Our saints,. Dads and Moms and Sisters and brothers! Let your soul be bundled In the bundle of life! 402 Book Thirty There's nowhere to turn / Beast Beckenstein-Pilzer The tragedy became clear to me When I found out that our war Has ended, and there is nowhere to go Back to go, we happened to be The Russian army, which was going Next to the front, and all the partisans Were so glad that they would already Can go home and meet up with theirs Families. I obviously knew this bitterness True, no one waits for me and I do Have not to whom to go. I came They asked me to take them with me On the front, but that did not help I had to go where I was taken Sent. And I. I did not arrive here. Dishch, a town between Baranovichi And Navaredoc. I worked there At the prosecutor's office and I was told- Said that as fast as the war will go on Finally, I will be sent to study (that which I wanted to. My life there is Were very gray. I became acquainted with The only surviving Jews of the city Tel - the 4 shoemakers Mirsky. To them fleg I run into Yom Kippur and ask how long I needed additional fasting; And when Christians from We used to bring a village here, yours And then they write a piece of paper for it I expected this by hand They should bring it against (or the Sisters lived), Once I decided to drive no Derechin and see what and who it is Left. The thought itself gave me Scared, but I accepted Courage and self-determination along the way There are no regular means of communication Not been, I had to stand on Roads and journeys with Army cargo- Cars traveling in that area Tong. I went to Baranovich, Later no slonim, same and so on Derechin. When I entered Shtetl entered and the soldiers took me Asked if she should let me down I did not know what to say. Everything What I saw were ruins And the heavens round about. Until I saw This Catholic church, I have I'm already out of town, Am I down, thank the soldiers and Went in the direction of the houses Lem Kosciol. With tears in his eyes and a Beating in hearts I entered into A House and wife soon recognized me, Saying that I must be of the Beckensteins. When I calmed down from crying, hob I found out that some Jews find Himself in shtetl. She told me Where I can find them and I'm gone. In a former brandy business I did Happened Niame Weinstein with the children And Heike of Mill. I realized, That still several families sense here in Derechin. I was very disappointed, Seeing as they all live among the ruins. I could not understand how They can live between the Gentiles and the tombs Of their love and cherished. They have me Everyone said they would not stay long In Derechin. I was indignant and bitter, Let my dear little town derechin order No more returning to her hole- Booth. Book Thirty 203 On the ruins of the dreams of youth / Masha Kolkowski Mourning and headless we leave the forest And heaven our way - to Darzein, to our hometown, a city Schlenz's youthful dreams. We ride in a cart, thousands of soldiers pass by We turned. We're already been released, but their job is Not over yet. They flock west. To a hallucinatory front Towards Valkovisk. They are chasing the monster The Nazi, to eradicate it altogether. We arrived in Darchin the day after we left the forest. A handful Of Jews gathered in the town. Welcome We are all the graves of parents, brothers and sisters. The heart Pinched. Some Poles take to the streets, stunned Seeing those who managed to defeat the enemy And return to their home. But, the "house" is not. The bulk of the town Became a mound of swords. Only a few houses of Jews, and we turn there. What will be done? How do we sit in these houses, when- On the other side are the graves, when we have to live next to them Of Christians - and we remember their antics In the days of the Nazi occupation, their behavior during the day The massacre. After all, we do not have a common language with you and the Their secrecy makes us disgusted, Already on the first day we knew, that we could not hold Here status lasts for days. The aspiration of our youth Immigrating to Eretz Israel woke up even more. We started working, because according to the Soviet constitution who That does not work - does not eat. Suddenly they popped up too Organizing shipments of workers to Soviet Russia- Teat, for work in agriculture or mines. Did not Think of the fact that the Jews came out of the forests Put and shred. It was they who wanted to recruit them for the jobs These are considerable, It was not long before my husband Abraham passed away The border with Poland. Several months later I arrived as well I'm up to Bialystok. 1 I first saw Jewish life in Bialystok Organized after the great destruction that befell us. Admittedly, there were few Jews there as well, and even these Were like icicles in the eyes of the Christians. But there was Kim A kitchen for returnees where we would get one meal Free every day. But living conditions, especially migo- Rim, were very difficult. And were even more difficult Relations between Christians and Jews. Several happened Murders of Jews who survived the Holocaust, And of course the killers were never discovered. At the same time That in the market there were almost no foods ,. It was possible To buy soap, on the packaging of which were the three o- The German characters R.P. "Pure Jewish fat", We did in the city on Sukkot. We were organized there A few counts, but the prayers passed in Mary's tears Quickly shattered into the rock of reality fire- Let me be from the forest, that the attitude of the Christians towards Yahweh " Dim will change for the better, We decided to leave Bialystok, we arranged his license- We continued to Lublin. There were more Jews there, But the contact with them has instilled in us a grieving spirit. There were Among them many, who have just come out of hiding, And some miraculously escaped death. There was one That the Germans had already slaughtered him - and he went out with The incision was in his neck and he walked between us with a trachea Artificial. And there were children, sons of Czech Jews, That the Germans have led right in the last few days to Bh, but a Soviet tank. Block their way to the cells The gases - the Germans were killed and the children were handed over To Jews. They, and you most of the survivors, walked Between us crouched, crooked, with fear still sprouting From their stray eyes. We visited the death camp from Idank, we heard about The trial of the Germans captured in this camp, on Their execution - but anti-Semitism added Rampage around us wherever we were. We decided to Zub Poland. We wandered from city to city, towards the border The Czech. The Polish winter gave us its signs, dressed We were worn out and the cold was unbearable. And so on. In a no-way, we one day passed the The border with the Czech Republic. From there we made our way to Romania - And many more we wandered until we came to the land of our fathers. 404 Book Thirty From forest graves to brothers' graves / Queen Bulkawstein The Germans retire. We lie still ever Hidden in the graves, - until it is Came the day, when we were out of Scran. The "seminary camp" received a Command to gather the partisans. We've had a long way to go And very much going. In dobrushchine Have we met high officers of the Soviet army. We asked them, If we can go home, she has us Answered: No, do not go yet, sit here After a week. You have so much left- Lived and waited to be set free, waits After a while you will go back Home ... * Just a week later, for the season From the slaughter in Derechin, we are Arrived Friday night, "at home." Issued the last kilometers ran, no Went. Of the rye-fields were on Orphaned, redundant, desperate / ..As a tool full of shame feels like a Jew Within his city. Few of the many, redundant, foreign. As he sneaks in, he passes the desolate city square. Nor do the farmers often come to town: there is no one Sell ​​and there is no one to buy from. They gather on days Sunday of the week or on holidays near the church and from- They are amazed at the sight of a Jewish Jew The city: - How you survived 1 The Jews live densely together, to disperse The feeling of pain, fear and boredom from my shadows The relatives who perished. The conversations? Obituary for the dead. The youth were obliged to enlist immediately with the chess- Roar, only a few of the young people remained in town To fulfill a responsible role in the workplace. Expensive Life was scary and the salary was low. Ingredients Various could be obtained, but in the black market. Many doubts passed over us until we left the We were shot, but we arrived No derechin. Among the burned houses is ours House remained perfect. They lived in it Two Christian families, one of the worst In town, Kachuk Mikhash and Aganovsky. The latter is right the morning after ours Arrive away from our house, but kachuk Stayed with us for about a month Time Listen Learn. Sunday we went to the brothers- Tombs. You can present yourself, as size We were on our hearts when we were Stood near the mountainous ground, near Shelu- Bkes mill, where the bones are located Of our dearest and dearest. Later We found scattered bones from Hands and feet, we have things buried and Surrounded the tomb around and around. Willang We were in Derechin, is the place Beware. Now I do not know what Of this brother-tomb is perfectly preserved. Moshe and Israel Kwiat Darzein: Stay and live a miserable life nearby To the graves of the dead, unable to look into my eyes The gentile. Who expressed astonishment at staying alive 1 Or leave the killing-valley and put my times to the Soft, hoping to get to a better country? But How we will leave the graves of the dead! They seemed to be Looking at us with rebuke eyes: Do not leave him! Before Rosh Hashanah 5766, we left Darzein. The few Gentiles who knew of our departure promised: A book is told to our sons after us, that was once a people A Jew whom Hitler exterminated and that also in our city Jews were sitting ... They may keep their promise, but how will they understand The story of the next generations of foreigners? After all The city was destroyed, there is no one to restore its ruins. Nat- The few Jews scattered all over the world - And they are the only ones mourning the ruins of their city and Kahi- For them. Duchamp Book 405 A kosher Pesach among the ruins / Nehama Petrukhavich When we were in the woods Our partisans told us that our house Has not been burnt and it stands Perfect - as it would be waiting for us Return. I thought to myself, that If the loving God will bring us Good health home, my house will stand Open to everyone: And when we had already arrived back No derechin, I was actually offered Bake bread, eat even two pastries A day, and it was not difficult for me. This Was after our arrival from Forest, Meanwhile, winter is gone and it has As Passover approaches, I have with min Man began to prepare to make us a Feed and bake unleavened bread for the saved. We found walnuts and oysters On the attic, we took basins The Gentiles, and we have ever well prospered. Over Destroyed Streets and Alley / No one knew, and neither did he Could know when the war would end Dick. When we were sitting somewhere far away and Deep in Greater Russia,. With an opener Wound in the heart after being uprooted Of our cities and families, none Could not know when he will be again "In the house", whom he will be there Find. In the wildest dreams no one has Of us could not even imagine this Horrible catastrophe of everyone and of everything What was so dear and dear to us. After the defeat of German army ba Stalingrad has been in our hearts Ignited a spark of hope that we will Will soon be eligible to return to our We also received boards. Everything is Ready to bake - but we've got it Missed our dearest and no holiday- We were not in a good mood: All of them obviously gathered and ge- Take the matzah. Mitzvah was gathered For everyone - and how much we are in total Been? We even baked for Isr And he sent him the matzah to Zeluah, And I for Noah Goldberg and for these Shelkoviches, who also came To us to the orders. Come the orders in Zunners' houses were all derechin. We also made med from honey. Placed timely buriks - it was An order with all pitchforksi- It was a kosher Passover, but without Our dearest and dearest, a barber And a desolate Passover among the ruins of Jerusalem Derechin. Meir Bakalchuk Very old home. The first who have This was experienced and done with their eyes This great calamity of the Jews in the Areas of the German occupation, are Were those who volunteered Zirt in the Polish regiments of the Red Army, which organized the Polish Left Writer Wanda Vasilyev Ska. The number of Jews in the Polish regiments Was not great, and of them are Fell not infrequently in the heavy fighting Against German army, especially in the Battles come Lenino. But they are privileged Seemed to bear the first aid those idf 406 Who were saved, with miracles and By pain and famine, from the thousand deaths With which the Germans killed the Jewish population in the occupied territories. They too were entitled to take revenge Those Germans and their allies, who They have landed in the liberated areas, But they were your first See the destruction of our cities and Protests, The news of a major disaster is- Went to us from various sources and Obviously still poured in the hearts a Bit hope that someone from the next And dearest has succeeded Rescue. Each of us rushed home, Hopefully someone there to find out. This 2 January 1945 I arrived by train In forward Baranovich. A gentler, alas- Ser snow in fallen from heaven, but in Hearts reigned a black darkness And all around was desolate and dark, When I saw that there were more jaws Jews gone and from my wife and child, relatives And known is no male not left. Along with newly arrived Jews hob I wandered the streets like a Shameful and guilty - I have myself I was saved and my loved ones were saved. Cum. The most shocking images of Fine, Which my dearest have experienced In the last days before their destruction, and Even earlier in the ghetto, we did not leave For whole days and nights. From Baranovich I traveled no Derechin. Instead of the latter warmth, with Which are usually accepted every Once upon a time, when I came home, I did Taken up a ruined home. I fell In a post space. Nobody took me Meet, no one has reached out to me- Stretched. A Gentile is gone and dwelleth. One hundred, how I survived. Book Thirty One spark of happiness dominated me In Those Wasteful Days: The Two Little Children Of my sister Malka, Moshe and Feigele, Together with their fathers Niome Weinstein, Agreed to withhold and Survive. I felt happy, When I met them. My sister queen Perished. She wanted to get out Hidden along with husband and children, however At the last moment she ran to herself Home to get something for the kids And the bloody police found her. Caught, tortured, wanted out of her Come where her children are hiding and Man - and she came out fine Of their murderous hands. Today are Already both children her fathers and mothers In America. Remember them, how very Loyal mother paid with her life But very much save themselves 1 My parents' house in Dere- Chin have in not recognized. Everything around is Were burned. I'm walking around in All the nooks and crannies of yesteryear Games and wild imaginations as in a The cemetery. Around we have constantly swept The souls of my family-lite, friends and Acquaintances. It seems to me that the holy souls Want me to tell the world Their life story, so that there may be more of them Remembrance remains among our townspeople People. The ruins of houses, which are Once upon a time there were homes for families - everyone House a story for yourself, each family a Live for yourself. Ot I go over the ruins, and suddenly Gives a ring in the ears the song of Derechiner Cantor Beshkin. And before my eyes Stands his lovely figure, wrapped in Tlit, in the great synagogue, as he sings Rosh Hashanah is valid for this year. " He sings his dreamy dream " And this, my dear son Ephraim. "He won Sepo Darzain Was born before the war and did not Survive the Horrible Nazi Hell- Years. And here was Hanach the pharmacist House, which was for all of us a Symbol of culture, knowledge, idealism. And this house of Burl the Kirzhner, Which was literally an integral Part of Derechin, and of Sholem Saker. And The constant smile of Grandmother Grchuk, whose children were The spokesman for Derech Youth, Sto- Late and wise. Leibe Bialosttsky, who Never had an argument with Kinem Had and kept a calm and modest Live without complaints and grievances. And the pre- Second family of the Beckenstein brothers And this house of the Shelubskis, with their Honesty, silence and culture. And five Blizgiansky with his stormy life, the Permanent Master of Prayer in the Rabbi's House The Midrash. He will not be heard again Pleading on the eve of Yom Kippur: "I am the poorest in fact ...". All, all Derechiner Jews are there Passed in my memory in those days Of wandering over ruined hometown. Should We forgive all who take my name Already today hard to remember yourself, however They are so precious to me today, just like In the sad days over the other- Chinese ruins, over the great new Street of the Horefashneh Jewish Beli-Mla- Kut, over the alleys, where it is always The shoemaker's beit midrash stood open, And the tailors' house of study, with their dead Pallim, the Jews who came out sweating Dragged livelihood from their crafts. Not me, but those who have gone through The Nazi Occupation of Hell and the Heroic Partisan war, will tell about the 207 Revelations of Jewish weirdness and pride Even in those years of oppression and Degradation. But one Jew, whose on- Think it's all dear to us, I must Mention, Mendel Feldman, who has With his deed he sanctifies the name of all Worthy Jews. The Feldman family did not belong Traditional Derechiner generation, however Was a Jewish family whose head Came on Saturday and on holidays to pray Whole community in school. Mendel Feldman is Always been nicely dressed, correct in his Relationships and conversations with everyone. At the same time, he was friendly and Accessible to all who have access to it Applied as Chairman of the Disher Church and head of the Zionist Movement in Derechin. Everyone knows how proud he was. The German murderer fears - they have him Not killed, he took his own life Taken,. When he saw that everything was in The fate of the Jews is unknown. Come. This German failed to break Mendel Feldman's Jewish Pride. In the Last moments he did not lose this G-d photographer. Ar So did I during a ride months Lost from time to time when I am Came no derechin from my work in Baranovich, over the ruins of ours Hometown and before my eyes is gone The whole Jewish community, of great am Small, from rich to poor, - all, all that Today, after their destruction, we are still Sweeter and more expensive. 408 Dresden Book Benidarchin in America Derechiner in America Sepo Darzain 411 Establishment of the Derechiner Society / Ja (Jonah) Silkawicz Founded in our company By the first derechiners, who were Arrived in America already over 60 years Back. The emigration was then large And the entry into America - free, Who had money on a ship card Could arrive no America. Who then emigrated? People, whom Size was hard to make a living in the Old home, in the cities and towns of Jewish Moshav area in Groysen, Tsarishen Russia. So was emigration Of Derechin. Also Jews, whom God has Blessed with a five-six daughters, are Sailed no America, in order to make a little Money on NDN for the daughters. A lot of Jews His then indeed came no America fool On a few years and later returned Home to their families, Those who have decided to stay in America and later down there Their families were lonely people. Chn, full of nostalgia for the elderly Home, where they had left theirs Numbest and dearest, for the quiet small town- Thick way of life and to the traditional Life-parmen. Being so alone, without nunte And an A language, have landslides come From various cities and towns taken Gather together, and so be it The various, sa- Sciences ", in which people have found A consolation for their loneliness. So is our derechin society Thus established. First of all have yourself The founders learned how to do this Must behave. Need to set up ah Write a constitution of the society, Electing a President, a Vice-President President, A Secretary, Finance Secretary And hospital. The President leads the Meetings, the secretary prescribes everything In Fratakol, the finance secretary leads The cashier, the hospital takes care of: For members who become ill, they go Visit and bring them a sick benefit, A small amount of money with which the collar- Care can last a while, when He does not work and does not earn because of it Illness. Our society was very active From the first time it was founded, They often called rallies and met With a feeling as if it were all over In the old home, in Derechin. All Have yourself kept along, nant. When it New landslides have arrived from the Chin, they went straight into society, So we then counted around 150-- 0 members. When we, the younger ones, arrived To America and to our society, Became a little more alive, the practice - More liberal and free. When it used to come At a meeting, one usually feels like in between Own, The Society has done many good things For its members, rescued them in Distress, also cared for the families of- Far - and that shot happened, when One of the members has resigned- Worked, earned more, worked 412 Joe (Jonah) Silkovich and his wife EH Ate his wife and children in Derechin, Falling in love with another woman, an a Shawl and without a wig on the cape - The Society sent for the morning And children, they brought to their husband and Taken to America and procured for him a "Surprises": In those days it was also a fashion Add annual bellies, with muck. Young people used to come, have fun, dance A whole night. Many who have lived Not in New York, used to come to pass This bell. We already knew, That on the. Balls, banquets and rallies Can we meet with all derechiners. Not all of our countrymen are included In our society. Were cases, when a Derechiner fell in love with a girl Of an. Another city or country, such as In a Galician girl, and he is gone And became a member of the Society To which the bride's father addressed, - even though he felt strange there Book Thirty And even their language is not understood When the emigration flow is weaker Became, also weakened the activity- Range of our society. But when it's Came the yarns of the first world- War and after you, we have formed a Auxiliary Committee, established first This was done by some local Bundists And later they were attracted to him After Derechiner. To the rallies then Come all derechiner, we have collected Money, helped set up in Derechin A Le-Case and open A modern school for The children, Again the years have passed, and sighs Arrived like a storm the Second World War War with its great misfortunes. We are Became active again, Bundists with Zionists Together, even those that did not exist No members in our society. We Have called meetings in Private Houses, produced money on to send packages To the rescued refugees who are still alive Were then in the camps in Germany, Italy. Send help to those in need After long voyages to Israel and To us, no America. Our women have Organizes a special, ladies' auxiliary - A women's aid union, and have done Great, important work. Over 700 packages Were sent to our brethren And sisters, the refugees who are alive Remained after the massacres and fighting The work was done by the Committee and Society members, Along with Naach volunteers, Derechiner Landslide and not even a derechin; They were active in: Berkovich, Min- Kovich, Nate Bliss, Mr. and Mrs. Silkovich, Rachel Feldman, Mr. and Mrs. Abramovich. A lot of work has gone into it The Trier Kaddish pen with his wife and Two sisters. They used to fuck these themselves Book and serious Bags, after the women used to- Buy the products and apparel. This everything is Done as a sacred work, in the Night hours after a full working day. I did The packages made in feathers in Star And he has been worried about their ex- Petition. Many of those who helped came The important and hard work are Already today, unfortunately gone with us Let us remember them and dedicate ere their Memory. 483 Now the society is small, but she Is after all what it once was. All that is Associated with the memory of Derechin is To us dear, dear and holy, We all wait impatiently Funk-derechin, for which we have also Done as much as we could. The funk Will serve as a monument to our un- Coming brothers and sisters-in- law, and also As a bridge that connects us all the Derechiner, who lives in Israel, in America and in the garar world. Committee of Derechine Societies in America 4 Book Thirty The work of the Derechiner Relief Committee in New York I want to tell everything I remember About the activity of Derechiner Relief Committee, from its inception until D. Recent times. If certain dates, names, Numbers or other details will not Agree, I apologize, I will Write from memory. True, it has found itself in my possession The full material for the whole time Of our relief work in New York: All Letter from the Derechiner rescued, from The various camps, together with a few dog- The! Letter; All protocols of ours Meetings; Letter from our Landslide at America, Letter from Israel, Correspondence With the editors; Copies of all letters Which we sent out: Notices from The; Newspapers; : Lists- of the money-sums Which we divided and sent no Israel. I kept all this material- Until a few years ago. And there I am really saddened that I am Do not have him anymore. We wanted to be a part of Relief materials could be used for insurance Book ". I write the lines of memory and I Believe me, I'm telling you the main thing. During the war years, about 1941 Or 1942, the Derechiner lands- Crew Union (Derechiner Society) In New York convened a meeting of All Derechin's Landslideers who live in New York. The purpose of the meeting is Were - start doing something else ours Favorite town Derechin. Abraham Kadish Feder, Secretary Of Relief Committee This was in the midst of the zeal of the War, in times when there are black clouds Hung over the world, and Jews in Europe was surrounded by the War flames. The Nazi armies did Lightning-fast marching from country to country, from City to city. As soon as they occupied A city, is their first dark up- Gave to oppress and destroy, By all means horrible, the Jews Population. Thousands and thousands of idf Our brothers, the children of Israel, were already killed Became. We in America have not yet Knowing the extent of the disaster, The great misfortune that has befallen us- Their closest and dearest in old age Home Derechin, along with all of Yiddish Common in the countries of Nazi occupation. The news about this in the newspapers is Seemed short and lean but enough to Shake us all. Here at the meeting, which it has Convened the Derechiner Society, is Created a certain amount of money and It's. A comedy was formed at the same time. Tet, which was called Federechiner Relief Committee ". The committee was joined The following landslides: Jonah Silkewitz, Sile Silkowitz, Nate Bliss, Shifra Bliss, Isaac Berkowitz, Pena Berma Herschel Feather, Aide Sarnatsky, Rose Siskind, Itzal Wiesenberg, Abraham Kadish Feder, Maris Minkowitz, Rachel Ephras, Zhao Abramowitz, Moshe Goldfarb, Moshe Bliss, Becky Tikatsky. Committee members have been elected Became: Isaac Berkowitz - Chairman; Book Thirty-five Abraham Kaddish Feather - Secretary; Maris Minkowitz - cashier. At the beginning of his work the Committee set itself the task of Get the addresses of all landslides in Greater New York and beyond New York, over Whole country and put themselves in touch With all derechiner. As far as possible Also been done to connect with Abroad. All this was not from then on The easy work, but still a geyser Time we managed to connect with Landslides in larger cities, such as Chi Kaga, California, Washington, especially in Penny. Berman-pen Boston, from where we were rescued Became financial, 6 f RB Yes (3 Sach 6 / S 1934 602 855 8 20-44 1, יו מף ס"ן 3 זי 5 (תן 974 יי ותת) ת / ה יזר 1 ן סוֹ: 1 B. Ptyutt: K Pen: Dri nt-siz ai i kas 13 3 (3 6 19 Eat f Fay 3, OH A. seyminoyin 113 1 8 hsam = יי ישי יייט א נג ; פת -תף בק הי פיזי זי * ו? Ei. By VT A. Shen Ei , Line / (ת.-תפרוע מנ סב בי 5 וי אי תום 36 יי קרט 6 54 Rit, Lane ?. VI: Pen. Matzei di {. סוויעט = 4 there 6 216 Our meetings were adjourned Every Sunday in the house of our chairman Berkowitz, and this has us very much Saved, because his apartment was in Center of New York. Its doors are stone- Dick was open to us and despite his height Age he did for the work of Relief Committee as far as his powers are concerned Allow him, Gradually, by letter, telephone and noti- Ten in the newspapers, we got a Number of addresses of Derechiner Landslide, and Even from non-Derechin natives, only Those who had relatives in the area- Shin. At the same time we connected with Cagada, Argentina and especially with Israel. Israel's first letter was to Onu Reached shortly after our start Activity in New York. This letter was sent Riven Malka Alfer. Of her letter we had Learned that the derechiner in Land Israel is organized and preparing as well Auxiliary activity. This has given us added courage In our work, By letter and by the press we did Apply to our landslide over Country, informing them of the existence- Tents of our committee and about his Assignment. A large part of our countries- Lite responded, but with a larger And those with a smaller tax. Much From them we also sent letters, in. Which he wrote to us more or less Same content: It's a shame we are Far from you, but we are with you in Your important work and will be with To you whenever you can Turn to us. God give you the power And the time to do the holy work. Such Letters encouraged us even more and Strengthens our energy during fulfillment The relief work. Sepo Darzain Eide Sarnatsky-feather When the war ended, was us Managed to connect with a part gera- Tevete derechiner, who were wandering About the camps in Germany, Austria, Italy and Shanghai. As fast as usual Get a message from someone else From the camps, we used to send him immediately Food parcels and also clothing, Sending the packages took us a lot Time Listen Learn. The hours and days became weeks And months we spent with- Bankruptcy and energy given away here First Aid Activity for the Emergency- Need. We packed the bags ourselves With food, though it was much lighter They ship through certain companies. We did Excluding that you buy the products yourself, They will mail and mail to us Cost much cheaper, thanks to what we Have had in our committee several Stubborn women who have even Book Thirty Pursued their own hobbies Came to help organize the pack- Lech, we locked ourselves in a bit dry Money and added the relief work this Character of cordial friendship. D Women, as I said, bought by themselves The food and we packed it ourselves My Star. So far, so good Thanks to the women who worked with us. Dedication did the holy work in those Days, and a special thank you to the women Penny Berman, Aide Sarnatsky, Pole Jacob- Sun; Let us all be bright this Memorial of Becky Tikatsky ZL and Sile Silkowitz et al., Who were of the Most active women in the action of the Packages. A large part in the work of the Packages, and in general from Relief Committee has In those years Jonah Silkowitz took over. With A sour heart I remember the action Contributors to the committee, Nate Bliss (Bliss- Nyansky), which has always been so The first to the work, demanded of Every one he shall give his portion, mussar And himself did more than he could. He also took part in the work For "Izkur-Buk". To the greatness of us all Sorry he is no longer with us and he Did not live to see the book-Derechin Out of print. Very hard and strenuous work Has taken on in those years as well My unity. The writer of these Lines. My work consisted not only In help pack and tie the bags, write On them the addresses and they send through Post. I'd been busy with the whole thing Work of committee, was the address for The letter from all the rescued Derechins, Who wrote to us with blood and with Tears about their war experiences. I took on the important work To answer, find some comfort- 817 Words for everyone. This committee I delivered all the letters and reports Of all that has been done for the Derechiner She'erit-Haflita. It was mine Work to stay in touch with all Derechiner Landslide in New York and Across land, as well as with the landowners In other countries. I have written these Notices in the newspapers and were closely for- Alliance with our Derechiner in Israel. Here's the work I did in the course of All the years that the Relief Committee has Exists. This has increased a lot, completely a Many a time. I did it with heart, with Love, with soul. In those years we also thought About publishing a notebook and about setting A tombstone after those who perished in ours Derechin. We turned to the "Derechiner Society" that they should give us Place on their cemetery set up the Tombstone. On a meeting of the Society is Was determined to give us a place big Enough to erect a monument after ours Saints. Unfortunately, this is due to Nancial difficulties none became of this Plan. The insurance is now being implemented " Book. Let's hope that with time will come A monument will also be erected to it Memorial of the deceased Derechiner. Some time after the start of the relief effort Work for the She'erit Ha-Pleita, some have Of our surviving landslides this- Reaches the shores of America. We had her Saved a little financially. We did too Several times sent money to Israel as Help for those derechiners who are Immigrated and needed help with Agree. The end of October 1946 was in New York "Today" (Today - Tomorrow-Magazine) Published in six sequels d 218 Entire history of decline of Jews Derechin, written by the Kulakovskis. It is said: How the Jews suffered and Fought in Derechin. "This manuscript had We got shipped from Israel. Um- Danger at the same time is an abbreviation Of the experiences of the Derechiner Jewish community for the years of the war And printed from the German occupation Has also been translated into English The surviving Derechiner is pre- Published in "Tag", "Morgen-Zhur- Null "," translated "and" freedom ". To the great regret of us all Some of the Active Relief Committees- Members no longer with us. We will Always remember the friends Sile Silkowitz, Nate Bliss, Isaac Berkowitz, Itzel Wei- Senberg, Zhao Abramowitz, Moshe Goldfarb, Moshe Bliss, Becky Tikatsky - column. In memory of our neighbor On a beautiful summer day it turned out Derechin appeared A handsome fellow, dressed After the latter mode, with a white collar And a fringed shirt, with a stick in it Hand. "This is Nahum Meshls" - have Editorial said. Came he then jaw Derechin from Warsaw. Everyone in town have Talked about it, especially --- the girls. "A handsome young man!" They shouted In the corners. His parents were well known In small town. His father - a beautiful Jew with A proud gang, in addition A landlord of A Wall in the German street. The mother - Also a lovely woman, without a wife-army, led a Great business and raised a great Family. The father was of the nobles Book Thirty With Israel, we have stood in- Bonding all years of relief work. About the work of our Israelis Landsmanship they will tell themselves in Izkur-book, we just want to remind ourselves with A for words the active part of queen Alfer in all derechiner matters. We Here in America have been consistently under Influence of her letters, reminders, pa- Nutrition and apples - and she has it all Done with noble wisdom and kindness Patience, Let our book of remembrance be even stronger. Carve in our hearts the will of the Destroyed Jewish community in our Hometown Derechin, which was deleted Became of the earth and her memory will Forever remain in our memory and in Our hearts. New York, 12 Kislev 5767, November 1966. Nate Bliss / Jonah Silkovich In school. I remember until now: when the Boys used to go outside while reading The Torah and catch a loud conversation and a Quiet game - used to be Nahum's dad- Go outside and shout:, Shut up Should be, scatsmen! "- and Mhat heard His scream from one end of the schoolyard to the other, Such were his parents. It did not take long and he had an- Began to tell in town that Mahat Nahum Meshels happened to be in Sad in the evening Become a co-worker! You know yourselves Present how they were received His parents, when the sounds were to her Completed. A trifle: A son of German Street should associate with youth from Sla- Nimer or Zelver Street, or Gar of Book Thirty Nahum-Nayten Bliss p The new street! Shows that he has of Warsaw brought the new ideas of the Labor movement. At that time have Existing circles of intellectuals already exist, Which miflegt in the silent call, titsi- Lists "(socialists). A longer time are These were circles for themselves, and here have They started mingling with the workers. Boys and girls. It started Sharp battle between the traditional el- Tears and the revolutionary children. It must still happen that Nahum falls in love In a working-girl, a seamstress, a Rare-lovely, Of a finer, but poorer Family of Zelver Street. Here Nahum appeared- Showed his strong character. His mother Literally overturned worlds, for nothing To make this seduction. She has not once Offended Nahum's beloved girl inside Street. It did not help - they have Fu 4 Had marriage and their love continued Until the last day, until he lost her. They raised three fine children, 2 sons And one daughter. Years gone by, I already was In America, when I found out Nahum and his family are in Argentina and cannot settle there נען. He then came to America And off working. I met him In our Derechiner Society, which Was then large, numbered over 150 Members. We have become friends, and I'm convinced what a li- Boreal man Nahum was wounded In those years, the Derechiner SA- Science, just like the guest Tl of All societies in America, consist of The long-arrived, traditional-thinking Eden. Nahum-Niten Bliznansky-Bliss was A free-thinking Jew and he stood- Seeks to transform society into a Modern, liberal union. It did not Long lasting, and the more active sewing Bliss was elected president Dent of our society Then the First World War broke out. War. We soon established a com- Tet and collected money, in order to send support No derechin, for a lay-case, for the School and the rooms. The Derechiner in New York have responded poorly, however The sums collected were not sufficient To support our brothers in old age Home. In Boston there were also other- Chinese landslides, but they were not Organized. They wanted ours The committee may hold a meeting with it. We had decided that two of ours New York Landslides should carry no Boston and carry out the fundraising there. Lung. But most of the dere- Chinese were workers who had 220 Could not leave even for one day Their workplace. Until a certain day comes in to me Nate with a command:, Joe, you farst No Boston, without any excuses! ". In that For a moment I remembered his father, With assertive tone of his commands. Nathan knew well, and I am Strongly engaged with a new business. He Used to come to me often about the Work of our society - but no No excuses would save Savvy. I Took with him Ephraim's wife, Che ") Berkovich and we left No Boston. We are passing to Moses Beile-Roshes, a shoemaker from Shusterchen Beit- The Midrash, a Jew is a good prayer leader and 'Master of reading, a dear man, who has us Very warmly received. He and his wife Have been with us pouring out over the Derechiner Landslide and we are to- Returned to New York with a Lovely Far One hundred dollars. Have been gone for ten years, World War II destroyed Our old home and the German murderers Virtually all Jews were exterminated Book Thirty Our town. I needed help Surviving refugees --- is re-established Became a committee, with close-knit brushes. As usual, he threw himself In relief work with body and soul, Came to the meetings in rain and in Snow. Unfortunately, there are already many members Of our society were not with us, But the younger ones are very active Was the family pen. Inside his ak- Thiverer activity has necessitated his Great tragedy - after a long illness Is he died his love wife. He in Was broken, but he ever did To be a little distracted. He is even Traveled on a visit to Israel, and from There he came with thoughts to tan For a memory book. He did not live to see the souvenir. Book for his beloved, old home - has He has misfortune, he has no car Passed. He killed himself two Year, until he expired. A good friend and neighbor, a dear one- Chinese countryman, who always stood Brush of all activities, is away from Us. Honor his memory! Derechiner in America / David Rabinovich I still remember to this day how Miflegt came Us in Derechin literally tell legends Of the golden land over the sea - of America. There was no miracle Therefore, that a large part of our youth Emigrated in that far, much-promise- Dean Land. There were those who ran Of presumptive, and those who have Rescue from arrest for revolutionaries Activity. The largest part is the ge- When people who have not Can earn on art and persevere And their families. In those years is still Palestine was not known as the Land of Israel May accept immigrants. The accident brought me with a par Years ago no America, on a visit from A couple months. It was special to me Interesting to connect with ours Compatriots, observe their way of life And, behold, what they are, and what they are They have reached after so many years in Safo and Ducain One of the largest, richest and highest- Developed countries in the world - in the United States of America. The largest part of our landslide Have been in America for around 50--60 years, And also longer. Fool A small percentage Arrived there in the early years only World War II, Our first meeting was, soon This first day of our arrival, with Rachel Feldman-Efrat, which is, loathe my apsha- Tongue, the only well-situated of all Our landslide in America. She lives In a large, beautiful apartment in the very center Of New York, in Central Park, A Quarter Of diplomats, artists and just rich people- Tooth. We got along with her family-lite Visited their summer apartment, equipped with The newest and most beautiful facilities and out- Built in a gorgeous area. Rachel Feldman Immediately called the De- Greater society and evidence given about Our arrival. Around 10 in the evening is up to us A delegation from the Society arrived. Committee, including the President of the Sayeti, Kadish pen with his wife, the sec- Rhetoric Hame Abelovich (who already has Visited Israel a par mal), the cashier Mrs. Zlotnik, I spoke with President Kaddish Feder. Studies together in room Ba Aizikovich (this In 1918, Feder emigrated No America. He then traveled to be Father, who has already been there et- Last year. It's hard to find such a thing- Man, Jew and friend, such love there- Shiner, like the size of a Kaddish pen. He works Heavy, from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m., to Making a living. All his years he was a neighbor Is Poalei-Zion-Union, and to this day has He himself could not afford to make a trip No Israel, in the land of which he dreams And for whom he is active his perfect life. In 1945, immediately after the war, when it 221 The first news began to arrive Of the Derechiner remnant-fleet of Lodge, from Austria, Germany and Italy, Has organized and led a pen- Allow to send packages to all survivors. As he had been busy all day- When he came to work, he used to get up Dawn and set out pack the bags and They prepare; on expedition by past. When a part of the saved derechiner Arrived in the United States, he said. Make sure everyone supports him / her First times have vanquished to live. The We have counted this other landslide, he He speaks little about himself and about himself Work Listen Learn. 1 Feather's wife is the daughter of a rabbi, Their house is strictly kosher. The woman makes With all social duties, which Feather had taken on itself. This is an An open toy house that accommodates everyone Generous-Jewish. When I visited them, there were feathers Thoughts were occupied with one and one- Clever task - with raising money Publish the Derechiner souvenir-pnks. The action of creating money is not easy in America. Our derechiners are scattered And spread over the whole country, no Great men are not among them. For a Most of our countrymen are even $ 5 A great currency. Thanks the tear Surrender of Kaddish pen, Hama Abe- Lavich and Mrs. Zlatnik, the same RBS Daughter, was able to collect a ba- Significant amount and send it to any Ish- Role, in order to enable publishing this PNX. We met Mrs. Zlotnik With several years ago in Israel, when she Came here for a visit. Her family Has experienced a terrible tragedy: One of her sons was an acquaintance Chemist and inventor; He shared 222 Works with world-renowned Atomic Scientist Professor Oppenheim. Her son's name is Ba- You were in the scientific circles In America, after he published- Read a series of articles in the most important articles- Journals and the General American Free- It has been written about him and about his Inventions. One day he came out- Traveled on a hike, along with his Near neighbor, with a boat. It happened Disaster - he drowned. Be Neighbor survived. A short time later- This was published by the neighbor, below His name, an important scientific article, About which the family is convinced that This was composed by their son. A dark suspicion of neighbor fell on Kill their son and rob him of his Scientific achievement. The Zlot- family Nick was literally broken. D Woman seeks comfort in her work for Derechiner Funks. On banquet, which is included Became in honor of us. The Israeli guests, About 80 participants took part Landslide. Some of them already were Long years of Derechin, still from before the World War I, like Fige-Leah Abra- Movich, a rare woman, Judas Samuel A. Daughter, Shelkovich - A sympathetic Jew Full of humor and life, and more, Which I do not remember and do not know theirs Take; A certain part of the participants Came to America already after that World War II, like Moses' horses, Cirl Friedman-Kamenetzky a. And. Most Sometimes they are working people, tired of Long, hard years and long, hard years Beds-days. No great happiness-blessing have they In their work not found. When I have Looking at them, I thought, That this life of the working-people in Israel is both lighter and more interesting. I have no youth at the banquet. Book Thirty See - the same as came to us in Israel, They were the only young couple Klemn Abramovich's brother with his wife, - He is already also some and fifty years Old, The children of our countrymen, the am- Rican born, are quite different, generally Unlike their parents. They push Dear all, some are already engineers, ad- Vocators, such as the sons of Home Ziskind and of The feathers. My visit to America turned out to be a Shortly after the Six-Day War And the interest in hearing and knowing of Ish- Ral and of her splendid victory over the Enemies, who have prepared us for Yesterday, was very big. M'hat really Swallowed every greeting from Israel. These are, For the most part, Jews fear Zionism, however Our victory and Israel's stronger urge to Live and develop despite the Arabs Enemies and their powerful allies and Protectors, have thus enraged the Jews in America that many of them would go here Come, when their material situation would das They allowed, A large part of the ancient Derechiner Landslide in America has become extinct. They have left a legacy - the Deret- Shiner Society, with a small number of members- Those who undertake to care for a The Derechiner Cemetery. The in- Gradually leave the society and pre- Address major issues such as: The cemetery. In the Derechiner community In America come ride on this area Frequent conflicts, Our landslide in America is coming a Thank you from the bottom of my heart for their love Our domestic derechin, for their effort to Help everyone and for their transfer Urgency in setting up the monument for us Derechiner Community - upon publication and See souvenir-pnks. Book of Zerzain Sarah Slatnik-Janowski Zale Sarah Slotnik with her husband EH Sarah was born in Derech, Was the daughter of R 'Meir Yanovsky - A teacher to whom all his disciples have opted Reminds him of the goodness of his heart. Oung to them (also my brother David AH used to Him very often mention). The good teacher R. Meir has, it turns out, Had a strong influence on his shrhts: She used to listen and learn, together With the disciples, the chapters of Chumash, and This is what she is deeply rooted in Memory, as well as in her feelings. When she visited Israel shortly after that Proclamation of our Jewish state, has Yourself you thought, that you tatns chumash-study Came alive and all she had From his mouth learned and remembered, did Obtain an actual value in all weight- Some of our country, She was very interested, that The "Book Derechin" should be written and Appear that sooner and more beautiful. She did 223 Started talking and working about this afterwards Return from Israel. It is but not Went so fast, and this did you a lot Well cost. When I visited New York, this year 4, we met a couple of times and Then the "book comedy" was selected. Tet ", in which she took an active part Name. We stood in open letter- Connections, until it's abruptly over- Was torn apart by her untimely death. Her memory will slide in the pages From our book of remembrance! Queen Alper Her son Meyer Meyer Meir-Morrei Slutnik Her son Meir A.H. The 6th of October 1951 in the evening is At the Great Barton Basin in Auvergne, The 24-year-old drowned Care Professor-Assistant Physics in Co- 224 Meyer University of Meir-Murray, Slot- Nick, when this boat, in which he was Along with a friend, a student, got up Overturned and both rowers sense Fell into water. A strong wind picked up somewhere. Lie in water and turn the boat With both youths. The student is soon Swam to the shore for help, and Assistant Slutnik, who was a Weak swimmer, kept up Edge of turned boat. When the help Arrived, no more slotniks Found. Early in the morning it was released- Drew his body of water. Book Thirty Meir Slatnik was one to 20 years Of the youngest students who have received People f. D. At Columbia University and Before he left any michigan als Assistant professor, he studied nuke- Teaching Physics at the Institute of Prescribing Tene Studios in Princeton, under the Conducted by Albert Einstein and Robert Offenheimer. Slotnik was born in Brooklyn As son of Leo and Sarah Slotnik and Hot Completed the school in Manhattan, in 1944, When he was old he was only 15 years old. He is Appointed as an assistant 3 weeks ago His tragic death. The teacher Meir Yanovsky. Father of Sarah Slotnik (first from left), with his family. Drachinans in the country Derechiner in Israel Book of Zerzain 227 Derechiner's Relief Work in Ara-Israel / Malka Alfer Until after the war we, Derechi- There were only a small number of them in the land of Israel. We are not particularly connected to each other There was: I was interested in one middle Second, promise to give advice - that Mhat Asked. The meetings are mostly- Some were random, but - - - - - - The first ones have arrived Information from our survivors, which they- Were neglected in the camps in E- Waist. Here we organized and organized Looking for ways and tips on how to help her and Bring them here. Immediately after receiving the News of the rescued Derechiner, have We're submitting the list in "Forward" 0 And then there are our brothers in America Join us for help Offer. In country we have worked through the Agency, Thanks to American Relief, with H. Bliss Nahum E.H. at the top, and ours Fellow Abraham-Kaddish pen for many years, We were able to support those who are Were in the refugee camps in Italy, Germany, and Austria also give these Former financial support, a modest but a Support, those who came into the country. Still in 1946 we published this First bulletin about what it sounds like From the beginnings of the pioneering aliyah from Darzin Right - Seated: Dov Gurinovsky, Esther Gorinovsky, the late, the late Rachel Polczyk, Idel Berniker { Standing: David Rabinowitz Zal, Malka Alper, Shimon Abramowitz. 228 Irgun, and in it were printed Excerpts from the Correspondence and Laws And accounts of the activity of Ved (M'moz) These include 2 active members of an organization that Hey live no more: Elke Lichtenstein and Jerahmiel Edelstein zl), the bulletins are A section has been printed in Yiddish for publication. Land and Part in Hebrew, for the Ar- Tike. It is worth noting that from the national Library on Mount Scopus in Jerusalem, Where we used to send each number, is Was a very good review about ours Bulletins. 4 bulletins have been published Until the outbreak of hostilities in Na- Book Thirty November 1947. Then the Bulletin to appear. With the proclamation, the State of Israel resigned The organization is open, but we, Derechi- Ner, are strongly bound and united. It's clear we're keeping an eye on the season From our church, the 10th ab, accept- Share in the joys of friends, take on All Derechin tourists visiting Ish- Ral - I wish they would come as immigrants! - And by publishing the "memory book" of the Rechin places on us a duty to educate This young generation of Derechiner that she Shall assume the duty of Remember and do not forget! 2 Derchinaim party in honor of R. H. צ. Sinai-Miller Book of Dartsin 229 P Drachin Immigrants Organization in Palestine = 6 UK to 2 = B MT == = == = Shi = 405 = Ltd. - = Debui-pattern = - In honor By mucus eyes = === =: = = 5252 = = (A) - = 3 = - Adar 5767 - February 1947. 11 Nahum Street, at Alper's, A. A = 2 = א י גנה, אל ל1 In the 4th year of our saints, Judgment of the 5th year: A. Home Chinese Deer (Miller): Arepubgggs-Reul, B. Joseph Katlarsky: In "Yebge Seg", C. Avraham Kulakowski: And After "Those Sages", 2. From the face of the Deresht community: The period of the great rabbis in Derestin - H.C. Cini (Milzer) 5, Yehu Lifshovich: Companions Share. 4, Excerpts from Letter: a. Of those who wander on the road in A.I. C, from across the sea. 5. Bochum, 6. The Harness of Spegger (Hamsen) 7 Money-Report. ,., That day shall be desolate, God forbid Above and do not a river flows over it. That night They will take opal, together, on anniversaries in number Yochim to import. Here that night will be Glamw, do not come Renna in it. And wind on Manny A meaty storm will pass. (Job 3) Cover page of a newsletter of the Israel Association 30 Book Thirty From Sinai - to the Land of Israel / Esther Dlogolansky (Faith) Simcha Ben Yaakov and Sara Dlogolansky were born on the line. Lonia Sineisk, married his wife Chaya-Basha from- Zolodek city. In this Jewish colony they established the Their family. They had six sons: Leibka, Moshe, Menashe, Yoshka, Natan Neta and Shalom. The boys grew up, The place was narrow for them and in the stream of great migration That before the First World War their eyes were lifted For distances. Moses was the first to immigrate to America, 'Goss into the army and shortly afterwards a void fell. The second Leavka left the place with her family After him Menashe, and Shalom also did not want to stay and Animals on agriculture. Having failed to arrive To the United States, traveled to Argentina and established the Diminished. Only two sons remained in the colony: Yoshka, His wife Leah from the Noznicki family from Drezien with their children Shina-Esther, Shlomo, Moshe and Rivka, - all the other- This tin was destroyed by the Nazi oppressor; He's my husband. I married their son Nathan in 1933. We lived together with The parents in the colony until 1935, when they started Venomous winds of antisemitism and the name of Hitler was revered even by the gentile neighbors The buildings of the nearby villages. Simcha and his wife Chaya- The woman decided not to name the place for them, and what Another was known as a rich man. He was a wise man, well acquainted with the peasants of the Biba, everyone respected him. I will not forget the winter days, when there is a lot of leisure To peasants. Many of them would come to our house, who Ask for advice and who just pours his heart out. Joy, A tall, broad-shouldered man, adorned with a broad beard, Would sit at the head of the table as a judge or judge. From ritual One of those derechin meetings Stu Darzein Tips that know would be everyone's problems And one, and if there was one who lacked money, they also knew That with joy they will attain it. But Hitler raises German rule and hatred of Jews soon spread Tomorrow also in Poland, it was impossible to get to know The same farmers. They changed from end to end In their speech, in their boldness and in all their conduct, then rise up Simcha and his wife and in their 70s left The place and their face to Jerusalem is the Holy City. People Mitzvot were in their lives, and those who prayed daily over The Land of Israel and Jerusalem were fulfilled in old age. Biro- Shalim, in the old house of Israel, determined the place Their residence. The days were holy for prayer, home- 231 The Knesset would provide them with everything they need for their lives The spiritual. Chaya-Basha died on the 14th of Cheshvan The year 2004 and was buried on the Mount of Olives. 20 years prevented The Arabs have access to the holy places in Jerusalem And the Mount of Olives was partially destroyed. In the Six Day War Jerusalem was later liberated by the IDF and called To go up to our mother's grave again. Her right stood La and her grave remain intact, Simcha managed to pass during the War of Independence From Jerusalem to us to Petah Tikva. Here too he moved His days in reciting Psalms and an act of charity, He died in good health on the 16th of Adar I Year 5711 in Petah Tikva. Yaakov Ashikobia,, Crazy for Chess among the Blind / Moshe Gutter On May 1, 1966 he was standing in one of the Chives clubs Haifa Israeli Youth Chess Champion, Yitzhak Blaiman, And played a simultaneous game against twenty youngsters - They are all urban. It was enough to watch a bit of the game To find out, how many beautiful controls are important- The light in the secrets of the game of kings, and how agile they are Move queens and kings, cavalry and runners on the board. And of course, because it's the same board you play Inspectors, except that it has holes in the slots, and into them The game consults the basics of the tools. Tool colors Differ in that the white vessel has a protrusion in its head; The black tool is smooth. Blind people in Israel started 'playing chess' In the "guilt" of one person, is Yaakov Izkowitz 67 years old, retired from the Haifa municipality and grandfather of three Grandchildren, Izkowitz has been in his hobby for three years - Distributing the game of kings among the blind - and as usual In such a ha, came to speak by chance, once. He Says, had the opportunity to lecture on the blind and in which he heard, that There is almost no action that no dark-light can do, Provided one is happy with it, with a light-eye, Helps him. And equal direction many years devotes Izkowitz chess all his free time, he decided Be of help to the blind in spreading the noble game. Adima soon realized, how great the benefit That engaging in this hobby leads to blindness. By itself His nature is blindly developed and the tendency to concentration, and play Chess adds to its depth. He learns patience in him, Perseverance. Reasonable thought, his perception sharpens And the power of understanding is mesmerizing in it. When he started the crazy-talk action before Three years, had to fight on two fronts: Also convince blinds that they are able to play In chess as a person, and that this causes him to engage in it Rare pleasure, and also convince various institutions, b This is worthy of the effort required. Izkowitz succeeded Both in this and in that. Five years ago they were in the country Only six blind chess players - their number comes Today for fifty. And the summoning of supporters of Izkowitz Laka for sports and youth of the Haifa Municipality, the association For the Blind in Haifa and the Israeli Chess Association} From them he gets help in purchasing tools, material Professional in writing-Braille and more, Most, if not all, of the work is done by Izko- Beach himself, so he can work with blinds Studied Braille, published chess lessons In "The Torch", in the outgoing town of the blind in Israel Published in Netanya, published ten lessons for beginners, 32 Continues to issue a newsletter for the advanced with problems And solutions, attitudes, examples, battles up to 25 Travel and more. In 1964 Izkowitz issued three Problem booklets for beginners, and in 1965 (by Proposal of the Israeli Association of Problems) - more Booklet with 50 easy problems for beginners and solutions To them. To Izkowitz's credit, competitions should also be attributed Unity for the Blind, including Ar-Championship competitions Simultaneous obedience and games. In the symbol games- Tanim appeared as a chess master. Durau from Portugal And three of the top chess players in Israel - Moshe Cherniak, Yitzhak Aloni and Yosef Porat. Hudus lizmsu of izkubits We today muedun E. Chess for the blind, apart from the club in Haifa ,. Also In Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Ashkelon, Beer-Sheva, Kiryat Haim, Petah Tikva and Ramat Gan. Izkowitz's ambition is to double in time Shorten the number of chess games among the blind. What did I learn from my mother / Isaac and Keller? Occasionally, when friends of My parents and the conversation flows on Da and Ha, comes It is always the subject of the Holocaust. Mom starts sailing In her memories of her youth without joy, The sleepless nights, to the wandering non-stop In the thick of the woods, when she had to, along with her friends To hide as a persecuted animal from the Nazis and their aides. Again And again I hear the stories of frost, diseases And famine, which were the lot of the Jews in the ghetto And in the forests. Mother tells: In the morning, on a summer day of 2, the murderers broke into every house of Yah: enough in the town, Get everyone out of bed beating, shouting And screams: "Schnell, Schnell!", Put them on the machines Who waited near the houses, and when the trucks were full People, children and the elderly, the caravan moves towards the pits Previously excavated by Jews. There Bell were taken out The Jews and were placed near the pits, and then opened Book Thirty There are 700 blind people in the country, and in his opinion this is not an exaggeration Expect that every seventh of them will be playing chess. (Fedbo ", June 21, 1366) On them is incendiary fire from all sides, which is short on them Without mercy. The dead fell into the pits, blood A rabbi spilled that day. My mother and three other people managed to jump From the cars and reach the forests, where they joined The partisans. Following the stories I heard, I began to An interest in Holocaust literature and the uprising and among other things I read You, too, the "Doctor Atlas Company", the leader of the The Jewish Tizens, whom my mother knew personally, Yes I read a lot about the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. I think, if I were there, I would be too Joins partisans or ghetto fighters, to To avenge the blood of our loved ones. I'm all soaked in emotions Anger and revenge against the Germans who slaughtered a third of my sons With us. Let us never forget who they are Abused our parents and all the children of Israel in those days. Book Thirty 33 In memory of the missing Drezin children Remarks in memory of David Rabinowitz 7 "6 / Kalman Lichtenstein A thread of captivating smile was always stretched on His face. Loving and cordial hospitality alike - this is the Toy corresponding to his outward expression, which was as if An organic part of his whole being. But this good, optimistic and playful expression towards me Besides there was also a faithful reflection of his inner world, That good-hearted abundance and influenced in this spirit all my grandparents- His daughter. He demanded good for all his claimants. From the light of his face Testified to the good heart. He saw, by inclinations His heart is the best: man and wanted to ignore produces The bad man from his youth. "He was all from home- Hillel and deliberately distanced himself from Beit Shamai. He is the Always try to straighten composites, round sharp angles, Thaw and thaw. In any difficult problem always see The solvable solution that can be solved Everyone. That's why so many people turned to him. Nim in quarrels, business complications and doubts It is difficult, because he will impose the burden on himself Find out, whitewash, resolve issues, reach a compromise. That is why he continued the tradition so beautifully Known to us from Darzain and Slonim,. The tradition Of a man; the choices, "the inquirer and arbitrator not only In the degree of justice, but also in the degree of mercy and Build for others. In his eyes, everything that followed was on the plain. " He who also knew the suffering and blows of fate, knew how to Attitude to grazing in life-wisdom and patience, two qualities The soul, which or they are bestowed by grace from birth, Or they are bought over time, as the person gets closer To the threshold of old age, Despite his age, - he was still far from old age - He believed that what Human would do would not do The mind. "To teach us that these qualities were a bone of contention. His bravery abounds in moderation, patience and doing- Good. " Add to that his heartfelt popularity. The attitude The simple, unmediated of the man-man, is absent Any partitions that may separate him or her The crowd. And if I used the word a lot, I meant here Especially for those natives or people from the same region- A country in western Belarus, whose deputies were Novog- Rodek - Slonim - Volkovisk. To those coming out Cities and towns, many ancient and ancient congregations, - From Darzain, in whose lap he was born and raised to Slow- Nim, where he tied the rest of his life. For many people, including his friends. Acquaintances Who were also his admirers, and for all the descendants of the The aforementioned lute in the country - this is a severe loss. Everyone They will remember him well out of longing and appreciation, and everyone Embrace the memory of the good and benevolent man, a husband From the light of the face and from the light of the heart, straight-way and whole in it- David Rabinowitz's memorials are well remembered. 234 Dad remembered to brach / Ilan Rabinovia There are no words in my mouth in which I can express my pain Bitter and my feelings about Dad's death. The wound is still fresh And the memories are so clear and alive. For me he was not just a loving and devoted father out of nowhere Like him, but also a friend and a bad one. Despite the age gap Between us, we developed a common language, a language of friends Lovers ,. Which wonderfully combined the ratio- I formalized with a deep love of bad guys. Almost And I have not taken an important step in my life without consulting First in Dad. And his mind was always clever, Realistic and sympathetic. We would correspond for a long time I stayed in the US and consulted with each other on Different problems of different types, just like two friends Same age group. He was always proud of me and what his ambition was That I will advance and succeed. Many of my friends met Dad. Some in my presence And some in opportunities of making a demand for payment Or just visits. Most of them admired Dad And told me about their impression of his personality. Always Was full of life and vigor, with a smile on my face, Tobilev's smile is accompanied by an honest laughing look And cordial. He used to joke with my friends and sometimes Would attach a comic nickname to some of them. Our house was always full of different people, from Different deaths and different strata, which are common In which he was, that many of them sought in Abba the anchor of the To her, help, support and good advice. And he was not Disappointing. More than once he used to disappear from the house In the afternoon and return in the late evening Tired and shattered. The reason for the absence was always the same - Help for friends. It used to be for his townspeople Darzein, once was for the townspeople of mother, Living rooms, once for relatives and once for just Friends, Sepo Darzain About a week before entering the hospital he hurried To look in one of the corners of the country for one of his townspeople, Who needed financial help. Dad went to deliver Lou Tsik, who came for him from the United States. Angel- Death was already then in his wake and he was forced to To return home, simply because he could not Find the place. Everyone loved him and everyone respected him and never did He had no haters. When I used to visit his office, Or replace him with his work, was each of the critics, Regardless of profession, age or class, praise to me The father's personality and adds:; You must be Proud as the son of a forgotten father. "And indeed, so I always felt. After his death, when I came across a number of people That you did not know, those who worked with Dad, was not ' None of them who spoke at length about his character The kind, kind-hearted and energetic father, who No one could resist her without being impressed Deep. I remember the meeting with Dad's lawyer, Kritzman Customs, who worked with him for years. Although, I saw him at the funeral standing from the side with his head bowed But I never knew his love and devotion To Dad, and now to the whole family as well. When I sat down In his office, rejected clients waiting to be told To me about Dad's actions, which I did not know And who passed through his office. , Even you are not Know, what father you had and what he did for Others "- Kritzman noted. But I did not know Neighbors, who have lived with us for years in our place of residence The previous one and in the current house, knew Dad so well. Their meetings with him on the street. On the stairs, on the bus Or in assemblies until the occupants of the house were enough for them Get to know him, like him and even admire him. Their devotion - What during his illness and then proved to me again, That Dad was an unusual person. Book Thirty He was of a very sensitive nature. There was a grandfather Ideal for his grandchildren, a father is proud of his children and a devoted husband To his wife. He could never say goodbye to me For a long time without crying and tears. Sometimes, as- Minister I used to call home from New York, I was not Able to talk to him, because he immediately burst into tears and His feelings would stop him from talking. When I arrived From the US straight to his sickbed in the hospital, and he Was then at the beginning of his illness, burst into tears and with great difficulty I managed to convince him to stop the excitement. Even in the last stages of his illness. When his condition It got worse, he continued to worry about my future. Would come back And demands of me to stop and "waste" my precious time At his bedside and take advantage of my vacation for more purposes Practicals. He never thought of himself and never did I did not see him afraid of death. She always stood before him The good of others. He was a devoted grandfather to my grandchildren Was really happy when he traveled with the grandchildren and found With them a common language, as he did with people At his age. Would buy them all the best, play with them As a child and speaks their language. His death was a blow to them Difficult, evident in them to this day. His visit to the US with his mother was an experience for him Enormous. Here, too, he used to look for the family and the handi- Dim, met relatives he had never seen Them and met in the circle of his friends from Darchin, who edited For him an exciting reception. I heard Sefo again- Rim on Dad, for his kindness, dedication and friendship 5 With everyone. Once again I was present in his capacity to embroider relative Deep friendship with everyone. In Israel the living spirit was in the Dracine organization, But mostly served as the mainstay for the whole family. In all family meetings the head and counselor, Whether in joys or in disasters. Also the meeting The last family home on Purim (which is read The Tovil Megillat Yom Tov), organize and take care of me- Gypsy. Always used to maintain a family connection with All his relatives and friends in Israel and abroad, and I must note, Because I learned it from Dad, just as I learned from him Many other things. Dad was also the man of execution and insistence Principles. His great energy always pushed him forward For new and obscene busy ideas and more. But Always maintained his rights. With conviction and honesty- Note, until even those, who tried to put up obstacles Along the way, he became his ever-sincere friends and acquaintances This day. Death struck him while he was still at the height of his energy And acted. No written words and no said words They will comfort my family and me. For us. And confident Which also for his many relatives and friends, served as a father A symbol of kindness, kindness, love for others, honesty, simplicity Tut and joy of life. Always stand before my eyes The noble figure of a father, whom I will aspire to all my life To walk in her ways. May his memory be blessed. Elka Lichtenstein / Malka Alper If a dedicated and excellent housewife, with light- Face, open strike was near and far - white The city and the tourist, the deaf immigrant and all Mr. Lev. There was Member of the organization Drezien, dedicated to my affairs The organization, did not spare its power and time to act And activate, She was born into a working class family and built her home in Israel On labor and the values ​​of the people and the homeland. Young later In the mid-1920s, many immigrated to Israel Passed over her: but from the light of her face and her optimism Did not leave until she set out on the King's Road: The Children Gad- To him, from them we built houses, and she. The mother and grandmother Sora, radiating happiness. In addition to all these endowed It was wise and good to ask for advice from her. In Words to comfort the grieving family. 26 For Anniversary / Miris Moikant A year has passed, and here is a memorial. Hard to express The feelings of heart and great sorrow over the woman being taken Dear, kind-hearted neighbor, the moving woman Luth, my unforgettable neighbor Elka Lichtenstein. I have always seen in her a light face, a cordial attitude to all One. Her devotion to others was boundless. Was happy to extend help in action, in counseling, In training. As a young mother I won during the Nim, where we lived in the same building, enjoy her advice And from her guidance. She did everything with joy and a smile, in words The deaths that inspired me to wake up and directed me to Find in matters of life, solve small problems, candle- A sign in the eyes of an unbearably young mother. Her hospitality was most prominent. In all honesty, with a willing mind, I saw in her devotion- A soul for everything good. The years go by, and we are not yet used to the thought That she is indeed gone and will not return again. She is missing To us very, There was a precious soul between us and in the middle of her life The best was taken from us. And to this day many Book Thirty The pain and grief like that bitter day, the day it was taken From us. Let her soul be bundled in the bundle of life. The late Elka Lichtenstein nee Daihovsky / Dad Rabinowitz Elka left prematurely. Born in Darchin For working parents, she came to Israel at a young age 5. met her husband Isaac, will be separated for life Long, and built their nests in one of the barracks in the neighborhood The Caucasus. She found the destiny of her life in her devotion And her concern for her fellow-citizens. When we found out, the pioneers showed Different from Darzin, the thing about the existence of the family This endearing, we were among the regular visitors In the hut. We always found a warm home there and more than once We were also honored with a meal, which we desperately needed During the years of unemployment that then prevailed in my country Elka was an honest and kind-hearted woman, and every hand Which was reached out to her for help was not returned Empty. She never complained about her condition. With a final The war was between the activities of the Immigrants Committee of our city And not one of the new immigrants found in the small apartment Its in the Caucasus neighborhood a place of refuge with Eshel Full until he managed to get by. After many years of hard work they succeeded The Liechtensteiners save some money and moved into the apartment Spacious in North Tel Aviv. Also in her new apartment Elka continued to address devotion and maternal concern In the needs of Holocaust survivors. Did not complain on days For hard tea, and all her critics at the hospital She always received with hospitality and a smile. Until he comes Death, Left a husband, who has always participated with you in filing Help for the needy of a town, a daughter and two married sons And grandchildren. Her endearing character will remain engraved in the heart All her acquaintances and loved ones and her memory will be blessed among us. Book Thirty 257 To mark the figure of the late Hava Scherer, nee Slutsky We have known Hava for about forty years. We won In this long period to get to know up close, and cherish Its charitable and noble qualities, its breadth Her heart and the purity of her soul - her cordial and warm attitude Not just for her family, but also for others, for all A person as far as he is a person. Her home - which she established in the village of Hasidim together With her husband Eliezer will be separated-for-long-life - was Always open wide. No one's face was restored Empty. Did as much as she could, and even more so, For the sake of others. She was a true partner in his joys The sorrows of others - joy in his joy and mourning Begunu, For decades she served in faith and purity of hands The social assistance fund in the moshav. And sometimes, When the coffers were empty of money and it turned out that There is an urgent need to support this or that consumer, no She hesitated to take her own money and borrow money To the shrunken coffers, so that his face would not sit empty Of the applicant. To prevent sorrow and suffering and shame-face From the consumed. These qualities of helping others are inherited from her parents The latter. While they were abroad - and the economic situation There was no good in their house - she enlisted the help of the Paha, when the father is forced to abandon Lumen what his home And find his livelihood in faraway America. Mother and son The family stayed in Darzein - and the burden of earning a living and Existence was imposed on her neck. However, despite difficulties These remain home as in the past open to the poor, Who found within him an open heart and a willingness to help them, And when the father returned to his city and his family and it was decided to emigrate Naples, the girls decided to immigrate to Palestine, No easy life was asked of them, they preferred the goat- Booth in pioneering conditions across the Sufa volume The conditions that were right for the settler in those days were difficult Intolerable and the work that awaited them was tedious And infinitely tedious. And yet did not fall Eve's spirit and she continued to bear the burden and Take comfort in the hope that in the future the situation will improve, in him She saw ropes of absorption and settlement - in the form of Jesus - Rim that must be received with love for the construction of the ruins of the Run by the boys returning to their border. For the first time she lived with her husband Yavla Bin Its damp, sloping walls of a wooden hut Shaky. The conditions were difficult, but she overcame them The joy of creation. Even in those distant days they knew Everything - and especially family members who immigrated to Israel - Because first of all they have to visit the hut and stay In which period-some. She received them all warmly Beautiful, and even when she left her forces did not raise words- Complaint and Complaint, Always happy to hear about the development of AR- Zano, its progress, its establishment and its prosperity. Accompanied In an anxious heart and in a soul that loves the deeds of building the land, And saw in it the beginning of degula. And then - when Yanla finally does at the end of her life Satisfied with the family she raised, with the country that She was taken, from the situation that had improved immeasurably - was taken To her funeral home at age 64. May her multiple rights protect the family Which left --- the husband, daughters and grandchildren and a people The whole of Israel. May your memory be blessed! Menachem Rahat 238 Book Thirty For the character of my late mother Bluma / protester Ozzy, nee Sinai-Miller My mother, her memory blessed, walked on Dad's side Zil for me the hard life, which he witnessed Fate. Her favorites were the agony of building the country And received them with love. At dawn she would get up And does her work until the stars come out. Soft hatred- Luth of neighbors and away from all quarrels. Common There were sages in her mouth:; Do not judge your friend Until you get to his place. " She was among the peace seekers and his persecutors. Won- Rim Li has her words to us, the girls:; Do not laugh For others, because every human being was created in the image, and there is no doubt that the mind A man, poor and doomed, wanted to be successful And happy. "Her quiet words were absorbed into our consciousness And their influence on us was great. She knew how to complete With things that cannot be changed. I remember in weeks The last before we immigrated to Israel, was the late father Wakes our ears at lunch, that In the land of Israel we will eat; the bread of poverty. " Things are taken for granted and no thought is given to them, Dad expressed her virtues in his remarks after Her passing:, I remembered you the grace of your youth, the love of all- Lothich, to you after me in the desert in a land not sown. Even in her last years she bore her torment in his back- Re (suffered from physical paralysis), and the day before her death She called Dad and thanked him for living together And on the harmony that prevailed between them. Never Forget the nobility of her spirit and her charitable virtues, In memory of my late mother Shoshana Gutman / Israel Gilour (Gutman) Mother grew up in a home with a religious and Zionist tradition Deep roots. Her father, R. Chaim Zvi Sinai (Miller) Zil, flagged all his days in pioneering fulfillment in the country The fathers. Therefore, we did not shy away from difficulties and more in Am- The twenties immigrated to Israel with all his family Mother was then a young girl and lived in the village of O- Ria, a small village in the mountains of Jerusalem with a number of Fewer farmers who immigrated to Israel recently, were not Easy at all. She quickly adapted to life The hardships of a small Jewish community detached from the center The country. There she also met her future husband. Batko- The events of 1929 miraculously saved the family Kitchen by Arab rioters and went down to the lowlands. No- Soon after, the founders of the Ramat colony joined Hasharon. There they set up a farm for themselves. Mother was blessed with talents. In her youth, in the city Born abroad, she studied the violin for many years. Moriah predicted greatness for her in this area. Bat Hall The pioneering beauties of the country in the early sixties Lushim had to give up progress in Am- The music. She devoted herself fully The dedication to building the country, All these years she was a member of the Haganah. " Has held training positions in Ezra Ra- courses Different. She did not spare her time to fulfill any Kidd required to perform. Book Thirty At the same time she was very devoted to her family. She always thought about the future. Thus she understood while To the character of my mother Dina Levitin My mother, a native of Shabli, immigrated to Israel with her family At a young age. Her first place of residence in the country was In the village of Uriah, however, during the events of 1929, Natasha The family left the place, after it was destroyed, and moved on To Ramat Hasharon. The family was the pioneers of the place, Mother was active in the defense and helped bring down the law. " The sea on the coast of Apollonia, near Herzliya, was active Also in public life in the colony. I remember you Mother as modest in demeanor and few in things. Never She was not proud of her actions and holds good To herself. I saw her in her devotion to her family, in her care In her paralyzed mother. How much love she cared for her mother! I've never seen such a perfect existence of The commandment of honoring the mother. Always helping others. Her devotion She knew no bounds for her family and her family. Was the librarian of the colony. Her love for sep- Rim was great. I have always seen her and a book in her hand, She was a counselor and instructor in reading books. How much Loved and cherished by the readers. It is said of her: 239 A date when a small farm will not be able to sustain itself Its owner with respect. Following this, Dad abandoned the Agriculture and became an employee of the local council. She always aspired for her sons to acquire a broad education. I will remember forever how she would bother in the morning Early collection of strawberries in the small plot Near the house. In its sale, he financed the studies of Bao- University in the first year, But fate was cruel to her. Few years She then contracted a malignant disease. Once placed for her In a bit of Missouri, she undertook a copy of Sef- Rim in Braille for the Central Library Rim in Netanya. She was greedy for life, loving a person and longing To help the downtrodden. Harvested while Baba, in Ira orphaned her family and friends. May your memory be blessed! To Sinai / Naomi Mizrahi And in my blood Their days, Tim timelessly signified that the gods Love them? Remember keep with me wherever I go. Will be remembered Blessed and her soul is bundled in the bundle of life 240 Book Thirty The late Israel Dror-Dretsinski, a man from Shefayim Israel was born on 16.61910 in Darzen to his parents, Liba and Moshe, traditional Jews. Accepted perforation Hebrew, an unusual thing in those days, and in his youth Has already been caught active in the Freiheit movement (Dror), Poalei Zion Zis and B, Hechalutz, in which he was a member of five For years, for one year in training at Kibbutz Shachariya " At birth. Abroad he worked in tailoring. Immigrated to Israel on 148.1934 and immediately contacted us, To a group which was then located on the hill in area C of Herzliya. Came to us with a smile on his face, apparently That the smile has not left him since, The work made it difficult for him. Has undergone adjustment ropes Hard for climate, for work, but carried everything in silence. When we moved to Shefayim, he worked in packing in the orchard Litvinsky, with all the wars that were involved then In the occupation of labor for the Hebrew worker. Was a definite family man, loving life from- Depreciation, He played many roles in the economy: in arranging work, As secretary, member of committees, and on all of them was the man of the permit- Kibbutz Booth, On February 1, 1950, he began working as the council secretary The Hof Hasharon area. Began to organize activities Domestic on a regional scale. And here is all the activity- That softness suddenly ceased. We were orphaned. He was 57 at the time of his death. His house - in town Israel was my hometown, a small town in the area The seat, far from the King's Road, but vibrant, down Ozt to be done in the great world and in the people of Israel on Diaspora and participates in activities in Tikin Olam, And especially in the resurrection of the people in my country There were schools, rooms and also a Talmud Torah in the town, In it was Israel's father teaching infants and driving In his students with a pleasant stick, albeit objectively The man had to be bitter, because he was crippled, Paralyzed one hand and lame on her thigh With what nobility did the man carry the burden of his difficult life And his distress even when the coveted child is born and mother The boy is strapped to her head. The nobility of the spirit of Israel - inherited from his father Her: No complaint or complaint against assailants The town. In what love he would carry Israel On his healthy arm as the boy grabs his little hands His father's neck, or walking with him with his hand in hers And the little one is wearing his long-long coat, because so Sew in those days: the coat should be used the Worn for years even when the child was growing up. I remember Israel at three times in his life: The one I mentioned above, the other in school, culture In our town, where I made my first steps as a teacher And I taught in his class. I still remember his place in the classroom. I taught at the school for only one year, but I was Meets him on the big vacation days when I come to I towned from other places I lived. Those years were a turbulent time on the Jewish street In the towns, the growth of the movement of the working Israel And the revival of the Hebrew language, placing a buffer against the The pressure of Polish culture and the Yiddish movement Tith. Israel was loved and very widely accepted His friends. Not just then, but in all the years he did In his hometown, he thirstily swallows the words of the teachers. When a mischievous gleam sparkles in his eyes. Stop and be shy Was in his infancy and it seems to me that even in the country, though Buy him the honorable position in his house - Kibbutz and its surroundings, there were mental restraints in it. Remains from those days. Book Thirty And the third period is his being in the land. Only In 1940 I learned that he was in Israel and a member of a kibbutz Shefayim. We met immediately after World War II. Israel acquired his education and development for him On its own, in a stubborn war with life And the environment. In the temporary meetings, in the meetings of my son The city with the arrival of Holocaust survivors, was Israel invites me to visit him: Look how I got along, get to know my family, my home - Collective, come on! Indeed, a few years ago, on summer vacation, I accepted his invitation and stayed at his house for several days. I knew his family and became friends And love for them. He built for him, together with Tzila His wife, will be separated for a long life, an abundant family nest Warmth and love, interested in every detail of my life His children, even when they came out on their own. Which Attention was a mirror on every visit to them! With the death of Israel, the family was uprooted, Among his friends for the movement and the economy, a man, whose heart is Full of love for Velvet, ready to act and do to To bring Torah and knowledge to its claimants. I miss the heartfelt and modest figure. Which, In the past the threshold, served you warmth and desire Crouching in the shade of his house. His family will carry his blessed memory in her heart and nose I'm you. Queen Alper To his character I sit and meditate in Israel, and as if through To the fog floating and rising images from the past: Characters, deeds and meetings. They are a long way of life We have done together at the kibbutz since we first met on The hill overlooking the sea in the company Herzliya Ad That we accompanied him on his last journey in the shade of a grove The eucalyptus trees in Shefayim, Stations, life-stations passing-passing; Of which Surrounded by worry and dissatisfaction, they are illuminated by grace The achievement and Barak-Tikva. We have all gone through this ropes of adaptation, and Israel He was even a foreign worker (tailor) 1 In this like us, while stubbornly overcoming His physical weakness, and even reached professional achievements Distinguished (first rice, it seems, within us). Mao- Evil and protection. Struggle for the right to work in front of The gates of the alienating orchard. Walking to work on foot And riding a donkey, with the mine or ambush lurking Roadside. In all these he was among the first In line, Compared to all these, days of greatness and prosperity. Who Will bring to the younger generation the feelings of joy Anxiety mixed with rising to the ground. כ ,, פאטא "Morgana," we had a dream of settlement And away suits, and here comes the day of hope, we went out To space, but all the way still before us; Or joy Pumping water from the first well. As in this Branches building, farm. And here the company is crystallizing And rising. School; Children's company. First boys In the army. In all of these we were together with Israel. His hand was in new initiatives and within Current social life. As secretary for years Many, as the editor of the economy diary and as incumbents Many others. For Israel was one of those who cared To them. A man who does not walk on the side of the road of heli- Mud and its social and human problems. He He inherited the pioneering path in the early days of his life In the youth movement, and he sought to fulfill this belief In practice, according to the life of an exemplary kibbutz man And by way of social-public action. Everything Human and collective was no stranger to him, and he would see Him as his own interest and doing as much as he can and above This is to promote and develop it. Ei Quite a few difficulties piled up on his way to work This. And the disease that got worse - gravity. Rather That he did not let go, and when he was left, the stranger went on, Even in recent days he has not said desperate. Believed To overcome and return to work. But the heart is sick No longer withstood the load and broke. We will respectfully remember him, David Guttfortcht 282 Hanan Abelovitch JL / He was the youngest son in a Large family, he tried this early Taste of distress and the yoke of life is But he was still a smiley, with A bright face, a kind-hearted, a human- Beloved, ready to help him even more As he knew - so he is one- Crucified in my memory. 'Geert said he was still in Derechin to the Over-organized, he is off on the road. Sarah and came into the country illegally Before World War II. Superfluous Join a family and get along with him Woman went through the ropes, absorption Chains of entrenchment in land. Finally, he received a stable AR- Bed, was happy with his sun, ge- Shines of contentment. Strived to Fair living conditions, to a grammar Apartment, because he lived in a narrower Apartment, in a noisy street. He had already been connected with A construction company about its own little one House but an accident knocked him out- In Memory of Yerachmiel Edelstein I left him in our town as a teenager, at an early age Elementary school. After graduating from high school Mimi Darzain, continued his studies at the Establish in the salons, In early 1936, the eve of an outbreak of events Bloody in the country, he immigrated to Israel as a student The Jerusalem University, studied at the Faculty of Spiritual knowledge. The study conditions were difficult in those years. Like any young man at that time, Yerachmiel enlisted To the ranks of the defense and was very active in it. He was recruited To the Jerusalemite Fush, he operated in the vicinity of Atarot and Gush Etzion who was at the beginning. Then sent home Book Thirty Torn, A young and beautiful, in prosperity Senior, from his family, friends and colleagues, May his memory be blessed! Dov Gornovsky Silk. Of course his activity in defense resulted in a halt His studies at the university. After a period sent On behalf of the Defense Organization to the Mandate Police, and later Served in the vicinity of Beit She'an and Gesher. His life at that time was very difficult, he was A great squabble in a hostile environment, between Arabs and Englishmen. Yerachmiel came to Tel Aviv, it all started again. It was very difficult to get by, he went through all sorts Incarnations, until he was hired by the Tel Aviv Municipality, In the Treasury Department. Was successful in his role and acquired for him Established position. Established a home in Israel, the daughter was born. The period of happiness did not last long. Suddenly fell ill, Book Thirty Fell. For the first time after his illness he tried to return To work, but the disease overwhelmed him. Always hoped He will recover and return to a normal life. Always take care To the peace of his wife and tender daughter and to their happiness. Four years or more struggled with his illness, until Which was decided after many hardships. Short time Before his death he was forty years old. May his memory be blessed. Myal Moon Edelstein JL / Malka Alfer Born in 1914 to his parents Sarah and Isaac Edelstein, in Derechin, Jerahmeel was the eldest son in The family, He completed the cultural school in Derechin and then he left no Slonim, self-study in Polish-Yiddish Gymnasium, which he completed very OK, He was modest, well-mannered, strong Shy, withdrawn, but full of Content, an interesting fellow to chat- Eat. This is how I recognized him, When he was in his mid-thirties Entered the country on a certificate From Jerusalem University. When the bloody rash broke out Events in 1926, is Jerahmeel, as a friend From the defense, away as a nutr in the Police. This study at university has He had to give up because Poland had Offer to send motto As an auxiliary policeman, he had to Name in various places, often one Jew Between Arabs and England. He did however Saw in his service-work a mission which The defense had laid on him. From his small salary he still- Often sends money to his parents, only 43 In order that they may have pleasure, having it Himself not used in his help. Only at the end of World War II He freed himself from the British Police and obtaining employment in the Tel- Upper city administration. He said himself Built a beautiful family life. In heart and soul Has he surrendered the work of This relief committee, which the Derechiner Have set up to help the gero- Tevete Jews of our town. He did Written letter to the wandering der- Chinese in ruined Europe, Help publish the bulletin, send the Packages for the refugees and has led the Bookkeeper of the relief fund - and Always quiet, calm, modest and kind, A serious illness ripped him out Of his family and of our ranks. May his memory be blessed. She Sepo Darzain The late Isser Lev / Meir Bakalchuk Among the few surviving Jews In Derechin after the war, in 1945, I also met Isra Levon, my Friends and neighbor of my early youth without Isser was a disciple of my father In studying Gemara, he swallowed with The Torah and commentators all come together Opportunity. Was isr a diligent Disciple and as such he is highly esteemed Been by everyone. When Isser came to me somewhere In Austria he saw himself before his departure No Argentina, he strongly Got used to it and started with his zi- Sir Voice says words of Torah with melody from My dad, when he used to study a page Gemara. --- I will never forget This melody of Derechiner Rb, your fathers "And our teacher," he told me Said. Isr was born in Derechin In 1909 or 1910. Together we have Studied my dad and traveled together No gross study in teacher seminar. ISR has always excelled with His stubborn diligence in learning After the war we, ourselves, said, Happened in Derechin. Isser has through- Made the German occupation in ghetto and Later, as a partisan, in the woods. In lodge We met again, afterward in Austria. Isser was a teacher in the Refugee camps. He is in Argentina too Was a Hebrew teacher. His disciples Will remember him, along with us, his Friends and colleagues, Rachel Eichenbois-Wolanskis Rachel Eichenbaum was the daughter of Moshe and Sheindel Valansky (Gershon the Pre- Bears an grandson). After the great slaughter, Rachel is gone In the woods, she was an active partisan And excelled not even with her Heroes. Experience coming to Israel and here yourself Built her family, but quite fast is She became seriously ill and was young Away from the world. Honor her memory! Book Thirty Shimon Lusky Zil Born in Slonim and lived with his Family in Halinke. Was a public servant, Helped quietly all the needy. A good, modest man. His wife and Daughter perished in halinke of The murderous Nazi hands. He is then Fled into forest. In the partisan is on him up- Was given the difficult task of Care for provinces. He kept quiet- Distribute food to the children and Women from family-camp. After the war he came to Israel And Fundasney rebuilt his family- Alive, but he fell ill on a Severe illness, of which he is not Published. Honor his bright souvenir. 245 In memory of R. Mordechai Zolotkovsky I knew Rabbi Mordechai son of Rabbi Yosef Zolotkovsky In 1936 and I want to tell about the straight man This one, who lived in the last years of his life in the company His family, after she managed to get them out in another Date and save them from the terrible Holocaust that befell you Polish Jewry, He was a handsome man, a breadwinner As his, without the need, mercy and peace, for the help of his children. Hard work all the days of his life. He was devoted to his children and helped For them in establishing their home and family. Yes they knew she was Provides assistance and charity to the needy in secret. Believer was And observant, and so was his sincere belief in redemption Israel in his homeland, Even while in the town of Holinka he served as superintendent On the Jewish community and as a liaison between the authorities To the Jewish community of the town. More than once he helped his brother The Jews in all sorts of matters that were related In regional government institutions. But in many The years are present, because acts of lobbying and all his work For the sake of his community are done in the oppressive exile atmosphere, An enthusiastic activist decided one day to immigrate to Israel. His ascent was not easily fulfilled,. The Po- Nayim took care of him and looked for him, and only thanks to his neighbors The best of the Christians are locals, who- In Yahu until the rage passed, he managed to escape and arrive To Egypt, and thence - to the Land of Israel, In the country he began a new life. He leased a plot of land Every evening for the establishment of his home and began a therapist In raising his family to him. After a short time This ambition was also fulfilled - his wife, his three daughters And his son came to Israel, joined him and had him help In his work. But he did not get to raise all my sons His house and those who remained in the Diaspora perished in the Holocaust, While efforts to take root in the homeland His wife was taken from him. Even as a widower he knew how to arrange He had his way of life and managed to live all his years In the vicinity of the son and daughters, The man was humble, loved by the people and capable Was to instill love in everyone who came in contact with it The country, the family and the person, As our son-in-law, husband to his daughter Leah, I wanted to raise lines These stories in memory of R. Mordechai Zolotkovsky. Abraham Beizman 246 Zeev Agulnik Zail Born in Dresin in 1915. During World War II he was a partisan and the Tyne as a ranger. Enlisted in the Red Army. After release "He immigrated to Israel on the illegal immigrant ship" Latrun ". Captured by the British Navy and its passengers exiled to Cape Resin, on November 1, 1946, arrived in Israel in May 1947. A good friend, with an open heart, always ready to help And to cheer, his house was open to friends and pleasant To be in the company of his family, his wife Hania and his daughter Esther. יבלח"א, He was cut off from the land of life without time. His wife and daughter They will find solace in the good name he left behind As a kind-hearted and clean-handed man, Too bad for Davdin. M. B, Moshe Izikovich Zil Moshe was born in Darzain in 4902. At the dawn of his childhood he absorbed Into his mind the culture of Israel and when he grew up he studied in Bishi- Booth with diligence and perseverance. Arrived in Israel in 1932 and after passing through Absorption ropes, started working at the Hamashbir institution The central. In this institution he worked for more than 20 years, until Fell ill with a fatal disease and was confined to a doi-bed More than five years. Died - released from his torments --- on the 16th of Shevat 5728, Safo and serious He was a humble man, hidden to the tools. There always has been Ready to help a friend. Was devoted in his heart and soul to all What he was dealing with. His debt. Zebib was, happy in part, humble And modest. Was respected and loved by all who knew him During the War of Independence, he participated in the liberation of Haifa Actively. His memory will remain forever in the hearts of his family, acquaintances And his friends and all those who came in contact with him. May his memory be blessed. My late sister Shoshana Was an active member of the Hashomer Hatzair nest. Come I came to Israel as a pioneer, previously she was in Kibbutz HaArtzi Aleid Petah Tikva and then the nucleus moved to the kibbutz Ein HaHoresh near Hadera, In this kibbutz she was active in the field of culture and Tat on her. After a serious illness she died at the expense of her youth, in Ira is followed by a husband and two young sons. She was laid to rest in Kibbutz Ein HaHoresh On 3.1.53, ת נ.צ.ב.הה, י. Isaacovich Sepo Darzain Lazar Rosenberg zl Laser came to Israel in years 49 with his family from the camps in German- Country, in 1950 gave him a bite a Poisonous snake and hence he died. ת.נ.צ.ב.ה. Bubbling, Wife of Yoshe Rabinovia Zal Eshet Chayil, manages with a high hand and great wisdom A trading house. If for an educated family. In years Eighty of her life she decided to accompany her daughter Atal And her family and immigrate to Israel. Her father, R. Eliyahu Zil of Darzein, immigrated in the 19th century In his old age and honored on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. She managed to enjoy Ziv Haaretz for eight years, and if Because these were difficult years - she did not complain and in my day The events she would write to her family in Poland: "Nothing, we will stand up against the Arab gangs." She died on the day of Elul 5733. ת.ג.צ.ב.הה, Elijah, Son of R. Yasha (Yosef) Rabinovia Zal As early as 1935 he came to Israel to settle, And was not given to him. For an independent reason he was Forced to return to Poland. In 1939 he was exiled to Siberia From his hometown Slonim. After the war he spent time in Germany, there Learn the craft of printing. Immigrated to Israel exhausted From the suffering in the camps. Here he worked in order in print, Haaretz " And in Mapai printing. He led a quiet life, but for years The suffering in exile in Russia gave its signals in it Died prematurely on the eighth day of Shevet 5733. ת.נ.צ.ב.הה, 207 Atal (Esther) daughter of Yosef and Baba Harenzon-Rabinovia Zil A pen with a y. M. Plotkin Zale v. Einstein With the founding of Tze'irei Zion in Darzin she took part Active in party activities as well as for the JNF, a company In the Culture and Library Committee. Would take part too In the plays of the dramatic circle, which existed in the days Those, and plays major roles in plays by Jacob Gordin. Even in her youth she aspired to immigrate to Israel, but there were- The youngest tea in the family prevented her from filling the island. Seduced, because she was destined to live next to her parents, In the early 1930s, and she is married to Elijah Harenzon and the mother of two children, the whole family immigrated To the ground. I was absorbed in absorption at that time, during the war Abyssinians and the bloody events in the country, were not easy, however She bore all the hardships in a good spirit. Demands good for everyone, gentle-minded, dedicated Apart from her family, she is also her family in a sense Expand. She passed away prematurely: She died in a day B. Tevet 5771 in Tel Aviv, ת.ג.צ.ב.הה, 248 Spoil thirteen Under Sister Rachel Alfer Gail The youngest in the family of six Children, Rachel was beautiful, smart and full With grace - all loved her. At a very young age she learned to read And write Hebrew and Russian, listening Yourself as the older of you make the lessons At home, Her best childhood years have come to an end In the First World War, when the food- Question was by no means easy. This Has had a strong effect on you Physical constitution. She even tasted Self-study in a German school. Completed after the war the Real-Gymna- See in Slonim, as best student, helped In learning much of its urban juniors Friends. The teacher and the director have Counted on her interventions for the benefit The student. Then she moved to Warsaw, where she Enter her pedagogical education in the Cultural institutions, as well as in the monarchy. The first job as a teacher is Was in Finsk, in the "Tarbut-Midrasha". Her former students have taken care of this Contact her until her last day. Passover eve 1935 is Rachel, along with Our mother etc., came in country and Shortly after Passover he received a job as the An orphanage for poor children, Founded by the Tel Aviv city- Management. There have you seen ba der The head of the education department works Section, Mrs. Shoshana Persits, and End of Summer, To the new school year 1935: 26, she had her Taken over at Balfour School, which is then Across in her new building. Rachel worked at the Balfour School Until 1947, when she was through the Agency Sent to the refugee camps in Austria. All with whom she was In contact while working in the camps, Have she always remembered and remembered and Came to accompany her in at last Way. In 1952-53 she was, on her account Traveled to the United States to expand Her knowledge in education and teaching, and Mainly to pay attention to the school-work in The Rising Neighborhoods of New York. After returning she had in those years 5 led the elementary classes in The gymnasium Herzliya, then, until the school year 1, Di Shul, Bar "Giora" in Yad Eliyahu, Tel Aviv. From 1961 she was until her last Day was the headmistress of the school for example (Sample School) In the name of Henrietta Sold in Tel Aviv. Queen Alper Book Thirty Many faces to Rachel / Amiram Write, list "About Rachel (... What to start with? ... What is noteworthy? - (And what not? And is there , Which is not noteworthy "? ...) Draw a portrait? - (multi-faceted was ... How did I see her, me? .. Indeed, in my opinion, it was the essence of the school. " Of the concept; Was a masterpiece of educator who twenty-four His hours of the day were sacred to the "children of Israel." She did her work with awe and pity, as a priest- Great in the Holy of Holies: Rising - and immediately In-content of school problems: and with Tom Hours - Study: Go home! You're flying "...; waiting for you In the house "..., I --- before a few more sections" .. It was not easy to convince that the "few sections" They will also find a solution tomorrow-the day after tomorrow ... And yet - We had many conversations between us, and many times "We closed" the school, and we did our best In Tzuta --- we each went to his house. These times were "my universities": this The right that fell to me, to pour water on her hands "- Follow her threads closely and catch up Her ways of reasoning; Learn and prove at a time Who-knows-how much the instructors and guides- Religion - they are the purity of the thought of education and the cleanliness of the palms. If there was anxiety in it - it was solely For honesty, fairness and preservation of human values ​​and dignity. In her detached and fragile body and fragile a great soul, Brave and forged-character, who demanded of herself, Austerity to the point of asceticism. It is almost considered a worldview demonstration. But her associates knew, too, knew she did not have it And for a showy exterior --- and nothing ... 229 The attitude of friends to work served her as a source of pride: For therefore she saw the blessing of doing in the work- The team, and was blessed with the status of the school, which was Tied to him in every name-soul. But her concern is not Reduced - never! - In the areas of this institution: All the children of Israel were dear to her, and she was mighty Wanted to see everyone develop, grow And happy ... Even on the crib-vertebrae, and even in the critical days Most, her interest did not cease in all that was done in the field- Who home school, though avoided, most tactfully, Intervene in the work of her substitute. During her long absence we learned to know what Rachel was at school and what contribution she made We have her personality. It will be a long time and we will continue to feel her inspiration Within the walls of the Mossad .., These are nothing but blueprints: floating, rising And occupy a place in the Tractate of Memories ... She had many faces for Rachel. With the memory of the late Dahl When we finished writing the book, Darchin left us Daughter of our town Rachel Alper, in the days of completion of construction The monument to a world that was and is no longer in the hands of a handful The survivors of the massacre in different and strange ways, While we do our best to commemorate a male Our community, our relatives and our families who were destroyed In a murderous hand, while his heart is full of bitterness and sorrow All that our cruel enemy of our people has done to us, while We pray that he will not be absent from our few ranks None of those left - these days she's gone From us the glorious and glorious figure, Rachel, the daughter To the Alper family. We were horrified to hear the heavy loss, along with hundreds Many of her students, acquaintances and co-workers Education. Especially great is the pain of the Dracine descendants After all, the Alper family was like a renovated crown Gems in Dretsin's life, and Rachel was the diamond The one who warns in this crown, 50 I do not know if I can describe a big sign The soul of the great educator and talented principal, Whose thousands of disciples weep bitterly over her death. No. Rachel was just a teacher, fulfilling her duty properly, She saw the teaching profession as the vocation of her life, Educated not only the children but also the teachers- Their educators. Rachel knew her students not only between The walls of the school - but also in their home they are, in my grandfather- A member of their family, to know the right attitude For the child and his education. She loved her children and knew About them everything. Hence the admiration of children and parents Rachel and her craft. With such talent Blessed are the individuals of virtue and in such admiration only gain Few. | Rachel reached out as a guide to the victims of fate Her students, to the children of Brail (blind). She did Everything for the sake of these children will feel like all children Around them, so they stayed all hours in the company of the rest The students, moving around among themselves, participated in the Their imitations and while playing would feel in- Rachel's proximity to the circle and running to her To embrace with love, Rachel had discipline and also preached From others. The work with her involved was mam- Special Zim, because she gave herself the most Necessary for the education of children and so also demanded of its members Teachers and educators. Bought her a name as a brilliant educator and in institutions The Supreme Court would have listened to her views. She had no personal requirements for Rachel. As for She saw the education of the children of Israel as an all-encompassing vision, a vocation Her life, and never spared her time, commission and berry- Her, provided the work is done in its entirety. In private conversations she was candid, honest and Tim, though aggressive, did not like emptiness in speech Arguments that are useless. Would respond logically Sharp, remarking, explains her own opinion on the subject Spoken of, that sometimes you were against your will It changes your mind - because who could resist The logic and cleverness of her words? Is listening Much attention to the origin of her mouth and explanations were absorbed As the doctrine of the living God, May her memory be blessed! Meir in Kaltsiuk Sepo Darzain Rachel, daughter of Dratzan / Y. Raban Dertzain's daughter was Rachel from the beginning of her life until For the day of its decline. Daughter of her town - in the best of her memories of the best Her years. Allegedly moved away from the town TK Al TK horseshoe, and intended for the pavilion of the sisters Anshi Darzein and began to evoke memories, descriptions of typical The town, reminiscent of the jokes that went on for Years in its streets and houses - Rachel would stand As if from the side, as a distraction to herself: Kravina saw What are they still doing, in the same town we are We have moved away from her more than she has moved away from us ... " - and suddenly she would open with the colorful theory, In her rhythmic and cutting sentences, and everything in colors Goat and daring, and precisely in the language of Drzein, In succulent, popular, expressive Yiddish, ed Which from an attachment to the story had a softening tongue And her facial features become dreamy-smiling, and all the irritability, That he has to a modern man to his childhood years And his youth, was revealed in her fluent speech, every word In it as a cast coin, which should not be added to and should not be detracted from From her nothing, There was a witness - and it seemed: a silent witness - In fact, the creation of the book Darchen, which is a fruit The writing of many and the fruit of the labor of a few. Similarly, she would listen half-heartedly to their arguments And to the suggestions of the makers of the book craft. But almost In every meeting from the first meetings was Make a brief remark - not even a suggestion Nor a critique - and there was in it in the comment something from The foundation of its youth town, from the characteristic Her, from determining her uniqueness. Dertzien was a daughter, and from wherever she worked And acted, learned and taught was attracted to heritage Her small and active town, to the first teacher, to Her friends from her childhood, to every native person Re - because in each of them as if she had revealed something From the deep and rich popularity of Darzein, As a daughter of her town she was not inclined to confess in public And to tell about her weakness to the past and his many memories Claw thirteen Which were engraved deep in her heart. Would dismiss the beginning of Conversation on this subject in a humorous and even sarcastic remark You were cynical, but during the conversation she was overflowing The members of her conversation and her listeners are treasures of memories. Countless times we asked her to raise his memory- Let her on paper, but even these requests were Dismissed with a dismissive hand and a complete and harsh refusal. And one day we got from her the memories of her meeting In one of the cities of the USA with the teacher who taught her First reading and writing. As she says - yes she wrote. Every word is cast, all A clear sentence from beginning to end and the story itself As one piece. And only after reading it are you Distinguishes between the shit and the remaining affection that Rachel felt To every corner in Darzin her town, to every man Whose memory rises in her memories, to the few who remain In the living and to the countless dead. These and these were purified in her memory, purified from the little- Niot and from the gossip of living daily in the town Tiny,. But neither is their name glorified in praise Common and in words of praise - they appeared in her words As sons: a person with roots, virtues and weaknesses, and they The people of her town, the Drachina. A daughter of the Alper family was Rachel, his daughter The house that stood in the heart of Darzein and radiated affection A score for everything around him. Similarly, this house and These pasha came into the world with a clear and distinct destiny. Together with her whole family, Rachel took over Part of the vocation - education of the children of Israel, as far as They are there: in the cities of the Diaspora, in the nomadic camps and in To their renewed religion. And together with her family she did Her work as a minister in holiness, in full faith, in all The heart, in all the vigor, in all the love, in all that she could Dedicate to her trainees and partners the work of education. To the brides of the soul. 251 Liove (Aria) Greenwald Pillar In 1929, when the army entered the area. Chin, Liove Greenwald was sent No Siberia, After the war, he continued to wander Europe, came to Israel, worked as Pharmacist in HMO. Died youth of a heart attack, ת.נ.צ.ב.ה. Nachman (Naha) Goldenberg Pillar Literally in the last minutes of the slaughter In the Derechin ghetto, Goldinberg Show up to get out of the hands of the Tlinim and fled into the forest, His advertising family, wife and children, brother And sisters, perished along with The Derechiner congregation. After the war, Naha left The Aliyah to Israel. Along with thousands of Ter Mepilim in he was sent by The British power no Cyprus and later Is he arrived in land and took build Resume his life. But the years in the woods And it seems that this has taken a toll On his health. A few years after his arrival Is he away from the dead world of a heart attack. ת.נ צ.בהה, Alto Labzowski Zale Been a partisan in the Welder, along With the Derchiner. Came ashore and Hard worked with a. Horse-and-cart, in order to Earn his bread. Because of the troubles in the forest, they had to He was amputated a leg. A short time after the Operation in Alter died. ת.נ.צ.ב.הה, 152 BOOK OF THIRD ... who will give heads of water And the eyes of a source of tears And I will weep day and night The martyrs of Bat-Ami. (Jeremiah Chai 23) צחז 200 2665 616 8080 צוח 1084 ווס XSH 1018204 1 1024 1625 01 T / 12 T 10 8 5 STSS ! 6'xsk צחווז 01 8121 ס 0} ז 0? And Hut 206 Ag 4 (23, 0111/600/6 p 10) Let my head be full of water And my eye- A fountain of tears, I will weep day and night The slain of my people. (Jeremiah 8:23) Memorial pages Memorial pages Katz Ran? 5 8: T2)) To Tzukar Binyamin Zeev Zi Yes 3 : 4 : 2 5 = צ Gi צ A 6 4 5 8 : Æi ש 1 Garden Garden 203 Trees / B. Forest of the Saints "Nite Ki: Hadershit saliva immigrants from the Dretsin community in Israel Kaduti Kahalat Darzinfad for World Remembrance! {. / Who perished in the Damascus procession e B. Y. Lag Tajeg יעב Att Book Thirty 255 - - - Revenge of the blood of a little boy The devil has not yet come - = == --- Revenge for the blood of a little bird The Devil Himself (H. N. Bialik) did not invent it yet H. N. Bialik In their memory Of all children of churches of all perished Dretsin and the surrounding area, who perished in Yiddish children In the Holocaust. Of Derechin Ave. 56 Darzein Book Zacchaeus will not fade from our hearts Their sons and their daughters Meir and Ben-Zion in Kaltsiuk The late Rabbi R. Zvi-Hirsch in Klatsiuk The late Rebbetzin Chaya Miriam Second from the left - Ben Harav Daughter of the late Rabbi Sima Moshe-Aharon, daughter of the late Rabbi Malka Weinstein Sepo Darzain 57 Our brother David Alper, his wife Shoshana, Their son Emanuel and their father's daughter - perished in Pinsk. Our sister Masha and her husband Isser Lampert, With their son Nahum - perished in Klatsk. HiD Their sisters Malka, Bella and Duba Alper Exhale Their memory Forever - Shimon Abramovich. And his family Eliyahu Abramovich and his family 458 The late Moshe Azov, son of Avraham and Pearl Book of Zerzain Agolnik families in Israel And Lebes in South Africa Commemorate the memory of their parents. Shmerl and Masha Agolnik, Their brother Shmuel-Laser And Label and her sisters Gedalka and Moyim. I will perpetuate this memory Of my husband m sh h Peace be upon him Instrument Azov And daughters Book Thirteen 19 Very memorable Remains eternal and holy Without our hearts - Family Ruhama and Meir Siskind Abelowitz Family: My Free Will Mother Zelda, brothers Samuel and Bashke, Issachar, Ungera Hanan --- Their memory is blessed 1260 To eternal remembrance Of our love Parents, brother, Sisters and theirs Children - Families: Dvache Beckenstein, Khaya Filtzer-Beckenstein Reisel and Sinai Beckenstein, Cherne, Hannah Beckenstein And his children Book Thirty Samuel and Nehemiah Beckenstein The name will avenge their blood! Sepo Darzain This bright souvenir From: Dobe and Mordechai Agulnik, Moshe Peretz Einstein, Itke and Itche-Duff Agolnik - Perpetuate: Pearl and love, From home Agulnik (In Israel) 261 Esther Nussbaum-Briker commemorates the memory of parents, Itche-Jacob and Hannah-Rachel Briker Brother Joshua and sister Badane 02 World memory To the souls of my parents And my family Heid Oya Bekenstein My sister Moim She was harvested at her own expense Sepo Darzain Parents Masha and Mordechai (Motke) Beckenstein My brothers: Joshua, Elijah and Jerahmeel; My sister Bella Sepo Darzain 4268 Xena Lonsky-Beckenstein Xena and Sheina near the grave of their father Noah Lonsky Sheina nee Lontaki and her husband Jacob Sucker Raise the male The House That Disappeared. Arie and Noah Bekenstein If the family is comforted 4 Sepo Darzein I, Dr. Michael Beer (Barenboim) commemorate my dear family Perished at the hands of the Nazis: Avi Leon Barenboim from Warsaw Mother of Pearl (Pearl) To the Bliznyansky house May their memory be blessed! My brother Moshe (Mitech) Miriam, Liva and Katya To the Bialostutsky family Perpetuate the spoon Their sister Roja And her family, Heid Counted Drzain I, saved Navitsky-Gratchuk, Perpetuating this memory Of my Deceased family Muse Gratchuk-Basak and child Died in the Derechin ghetto. 465 My mother Sarah Grachik peace be upon her In her family-circle With my family in Russia, in 1961 266 Dresden Book In bright memory of My grandmother paie-solie And from my grandfather, Itche-Burl Itzkovich, The Saltis, which is a Life long stood on the Watch out for the Jewish community In Derechin. Klemn Abramovitt In memory of Horinen Rachel-Leah and Menachem-Mendel Zeyhovsky And our brothers Joseph and Jacob - Families Rivka Saglovitz Esto Globe To the Dajowski family Book Thirty 267 Merit Fechersky And sang in Sabia To the Slonimski house Perpetuating Memory of their loved ones: The sisters Father Aharon (Seidel) Hannah-Esther and Zelda Slonimski Slonimsky ("The Hasid") z "l Right --- The late mother Dov, Shaul and Sarah Gorinowski Commemorate a male Family members: David-Zelig Epstein Dov-Berl Epstein The parents, sisters and brother 568 Dresden Book Shoshana Shapira commemorates the memory of the Noznicki family: Her parents Hananiyakov and Hanna, Grandma Chaya-Beile, Achih and her sisters: Maryasha, her heart, Nathan, Abraham, Leah and Sarah I, Nathan Dlogolansky Commemorates the memory of my family members, Colony-Sineisk people: Aaron son of Judah and Hannah Dlogolansky Parents Simcha and Chaya-Basha Leah and Yashke Dlogolansky Dlogolansky and their children: Shlomo, Moshe and Rivka Book of Deuteronomy 5209 Moshe Kwiat And Son Israel Perpetuate This souvenir Of their Most expensive: Families: Walitsky Leib and Gishe, Einstein Shmuel-Aryeh, Esther, Khayla and Moshe Peretz, Quiat Itke and son Welwell. In memory of My father Son and brother Welwell Eliyahu-Haim and Elitsky Sarah Bogman-Valitsky (South Africa) Cherne Quyat and husband 40 Sepo Darzein Zachus Will stand Forever - Sarah Teichman-Levinger Grandmother Chaya-Beile Zager In memory of my grandfather R. Kalman-David Levinger Uncle Shalom Ziak Mother brother Moshe Levinger father Liquor Levinger (perished in Volkubisk) David Levinger Sepo Darzain 521 Yehudit Yankelevich 'Lantsevitsky Improve the memory of her Deceased family: Chaya-Hadl and Chaim-Itche Gelman The parents Chaim and Gutta-Leah, Judith (in America), Haya-Hodl, Zlata, Tuvia, Dobe and Sarah. Tuvia and Bella Lantsevitsky 52 Sefo Drzain Jacob Mishkin and wife Perpetuate this memory Of their families In Derechin and Slonim: The sister beast At the grave of the mother From right: standing: Moshe, Meir, Yente (in Chile), Shmerl, Masha (in Chile), Shmuel, Dina (in Peru); Seated: Sonia with her child Motl, mother Ite-Rachel, father Yosef, Khay'ke. Sepo Darzein 2 The Lubavsky family, In-laws of Yaakov Mishkin: Hannah, the rabbi's wife R. Mordechai Knorazovsky, And their children Sons of Rabbi R. Mordechai: Yodel, Shmuel, Berl, Leibe, Avraham, Aharon, Israel and David The rabbi's And multiplicity Perished in Neil 13 month א ע it Rabbi R. Yechiel, Wife of Rabbi Yechiel, brother of Sophie 124 Dresden Book Eternal memory For the family To Yipshavich Mate and Dabe Lifshovich Dobke Lifshovich with her children The Lipshovich family: from right --- Standing: David, Eve, Chaim-Joshua and Elijah { Seated: Gershon (lives in America), the parents Hana'enkel and Bashke, the daughter Teibel. Sepo Darzain 475 Appointed Libreider-Stopak Commemorates the memory of Her family members from Holinka: Right --- Her father R. Shlomo Stopek { In the picture below - in the first row: Sonia, Jonathan and Leah Klimowitzky; In the second row - Leah's parents and children And Sonia. Esther, Leah's daughter, survived. 26 Safo Drzain Family Straight Perpetuated This souvenir From the families: Sits - pious-Russian Rachilevsky; Stand --- Pinie and his wife, Paie with her son Abraham Chaim and Birds Polanski with theirs Children devil and devil Book Thirty 27 Rachel Ephras-Feldman Perpetuate this memory From the families: Feldman, Stokalski, Weinstein Listen Learn Brother Listen Learn Herschel Feldman Rive Vinyatsky-Feldman Family Weinstein- Bardach The Feldman and Stokalski families 528 BOOK OF THIRD Kaddish pen, New York, perpetuates the memory From his relatives: R. Meir Lurie, Perished in Bialystok Pious Lurie Perished in Bialystok Haim Ferder, Perished in Abraham and Moses Lifshovich with the children, Derechener ghetto perished in Derechiner ghetto Duchamp Book Hirsch Shelkovich Perished in Derechiner Ghetto Moses Ferder and wife 29 Joshua Shelkovich Perished in Derechiner Ghetto Sarah Finchevsiki Perpetuated This memory of Hannah-Itke Ferder 280 Book Thirty In their memory - the Kolkowski family Al Weissenberg Rebecca, Itzl, Atl, Masha'leh; Noznicki Tamara, Reshe Lev-Kulakowski, the late Chaim, Yehudit, Rachel, Mina, Zeidl and Hanach For eternal remembrance Of my Dear family --- Dara Birnbaum * Rothstein My father conductor Samson Rothstein, my mother noble, Brother Joshua and Sister Moses Book of Thirty 281 Hannah (from left), Their daughter Rabbi Chaim-Joshua Petrachovich His wife Hannah Berniker-Petrachovich, With her husband and children Birds Lev-Petrakhovich, With her husband and children Their memory perpetuates Nehama and Michal Petrakhovich, The daughters with the families 282 Bird Quint, p. Perished in Derechiner ghetto Sarah Slatnik New York, Perpetuated The memory of her Relatives Sepo Darzain This bright souvenir of Jehiel Honeyak and Beast And the sister Bella And fig (Australian refugees) Perpetuated Esther Michelson The Dykowski family of Slonim Book of Thirty 283 Deborah Schmidt - Shelkovich (NJ) Perpetuate this Souvenir of Her dearest Sister Esther Brother Elijah And his wife Blume Gutke Boyarsky-Salutsky perpetuated this memory Of her deceased family Golde Moshe-David's Her parents, brothers and sisters, The Salutsky family 284 BOOK OF THIRD Rachel-Leah Dvoretsky, Mother of Regina Rabinovich The parents of Chaim Rabinovich: R. Aryeh-Leib and Bryne Their memory perpetuates life and Regina Rabinovich Families of R 'Yosef, Chaim and Eliyahu Rabinovich, Hernson and Stein Sepo Darzain 585 Yaakov Rabinowitz and his wife, Fanya Rabinowitz and B.B. Commemorate the male Their family members Parents Zeev and Hanna-Sara Rabinowitz Brother Joseph, his wife and son Solomon, sister Atal Brother Moshe Rabinowitz Mother Hannah-Sarah and granddaughter Shlomo Ben Yosef 286 Sepo Darzain Zivia Dyakhovskyirakhilevsky lives in Laos And her Eternal Family commemorates the memory of her sister Liba and her husband Moshe Wolansky The mother, brothers and sisters Det memory of Zelik Lozowski, His daughter Paie And her family Perpetuated Daniel Kedes Book Thirty Mirl Agulnik, Liba Miller, Sime Shelovsky The name will avenge their blood! 87 A young life that has been challenged In the hands of the Nazi oppressor Haim-Shia Lipshovitz, Batya Glinkowski, Hanan Abelowitz, Chaya Glinkowski, Shmuel Koren 288 Beyle Lev zl Mendel The late Narchuk Book Thirty Bashe Glinkowski zl The memory of the warriors Life Eliowitz And his brother Leiba Who fell in the woods Perpetuates Their sister Leah Book Thirty 289 Saints of the Dracine Congregation A Akhelovich Samuel, his wife Bashke and theirs Daughters tsife and shingle. Akhelavich Issachar, and wife. Akhelavich Abraham Elie, his wife Khaya, daughter And son, Abramovich Eliyahu (Elie Ares), his wife Itke And their sons: Menahem Mendel, Genie, Esther, Leah and her husband, Moses and Basha. Akramovich Kune and her sister. Abramovich - husband, wife and daughter Sonia, Agulnik Shmerl, his daughters Gdalke and her Husband Broida, Mirl and her husband Kapitka and Their son label, Agulnik Uche-Yankel and his wife. Agulnik Hash, her husband and children, Agulgic Simon, wife and children. Agulnik Reuben and wife. Agulnik Moshe Chaim, fell as a partisan. Agulnik Motke and his wife Agulnik David and his wife Babche. Agulnik Itche-David, wife and 2 children. Agulnik Sarah-Minke and son Moshe-Peretz and another 3 Children, Agulnik Shashke, Meyer's wife, and children. Agulnik Chaim-Hishl, wife and children. Agulnik Alter, wife and children, Aaron lion and surname. Orlansky Michal, his wife Lovely and her sister With the family. Ofak Chaim, their wife Bashke, their son Moshe and Daughter Leah, Asherovich Nahum, his wife Hannah and their children: Gnendal, Chaim and Zelda, Asherovich Motie, his wife Golda and theirs Children, Asherovich Moshe, his wife Felte and their Children. Azeph Moses, son of Abraham and Pearl, fell in the forest, Azeph money, and the son Mordecai, Azef Yankel and Motl, Azeph Nehama, her husband Aryeh and their children: Gittel, Perl, Avrahaml, Chaim and Tzvia. Azeph Hanna-Itke and her child, Azef Elkei Acef Rachel, her husband and child. Einstein. Sarah. Einstein Itche, his wife Bracha, and their 6 Children, Einstein Sholem, his wife and their children, Einstein Samuel-Aria, his wife and 3 children. Einstein Moshe-Peretz, fell as a partisan. Einstein Chaim Leib, his wife and children. Old Shomerm, a lonely woman. Alfer David, his wife Shoshana and children: Emmanuel And Abijah (died in Pinsk). Appraiser-Fuffka Sarah and her daughters: Judith And tsipe, Alfer Moses, the clock-maker, be early and Their children, B Bakalchuk Tschikh Hirsch, the rabbi of Derechin, Haya-Miriam - The Rabbis and Their Children: Sime and Moshe-Aharon. Bardar Joseph, his wife Menucha and their sons: Mash'al, Meir, Chaim. Bardach Reuben, his wife liquor and. Daughters Cherne and Etl, Bialostotsky Clay, his wife pious, their daughter Rushze, her husband and child, Baranowski Itche-Yudke, his wife Sonia Lansky's daughter), Itche Yudke's brother and Sister Listen Learn. Bitensky Hirsch and his wife Nehama. Bitensky Solomon, his wife Yah and their son Wellwell, Bitensky Samuel, wife and children, Bliznansky Fayvel, his wife Minie and their children Der: Meshal, Siome and Nahum. Bliznansky Elijah and his wife Zina, Basak Feitl, his wife Golda-Leah and theirs Children Rachel, Sarah and Motie. 90 Basack Abraham-Moses, his wife and children. Basak, Faitl's brother with his family, Baker Samuel, his wife and children Arya and Beyle. Baker Tuvia, his wife and 2 daughters (used No tailors Beit Midrash). Becker Moshe, his wife Sule and children Shmuel, Heiche and Mite (from Colon). Baker Haya and her sons: Yankel and Hatzkel (Column). Hacker Aria and Sonia (children of Leah Baker), (Column). Beshkin Avrahamike, his wife Malka and son Israel. Beshkin Matityz, his wife Mere and their son. Beshkin Leibke, his wife Babche and his daughters ! TER: Masha and Friede. Bricker Joshua, his wife Eve and their son. Breaker thanks. Bless the homeless and their families, Burl the Rhymer, his wife and children. Beckenstein Motke, his wife Vashke, their kin- The: Elijah (fallen as a partisan), Joshua, Bella and Jerahmeel. Beckenstein Menje, his wife, their daughter Tsipl. Beckenstein Samuel, his wife Nehama, their daughter Hannah, her husband and children. Beckenstein Sinai, his wife Reisel and their son Motl, Beckenstein Jacob-Chaim, his wife Sheinche and Children (perished in the same). Beckenstein Hirsch and wife. Beckenstein label, his wife Friede and theirs Children, Beckenstein Samuel-Yosl with the children. Beckenstein Deborah with 2 daughters, Bogdanovsky Joshua and surname. Bagdanovsky Aryeh - (fell in a forest). Bernice Merke. Berniker Samuel, his wife Sarah with their 2 Children. Berniker Welwell, his wife, his daughter Mere And son, Berniker Ephraim, her husband Motie and 7 Children, Berkavich Michal (the Warsaw), his sons and Daughters. Berkavich Isaac, his wife Cherne and 4 children, A sister of Isaac Berkovich and her Surname. Berkowitz Isio. (Isaac) a teacher in the High school. Belkovich Aryeh, a fleet, (overseer of the Women working in the ghetto). Book Thirty Gratchuk Moshe, his wife Sarah and children: Meir And Hirschl. Moses Grechuks husband Samuel and Their children: Esther, Mera and Moses. Grchuk Dyke and her children Sonia, Simon And Yankel (fallen as a partisan) - Goldinberg Phebe and 3 children. Goldinkerg Elijah, Yudl and Dinke. Garinowski Manny, his wife Khaya and children Meir, Munie and Lize. Garinawfki Shifra and her husband Blumels. Glinkowski Berzk-note, his wife Dvoshke and Their children are well and truly. Garinovsky Yankel-David, his wife Sulke and son Label. Garinovsky Yankel, wife and children. Garinovsky Moses, wife and children, Garinovsky Esther, her husband Meir-abo and children, Glickfeld (Radinstein's son-in-law) and children, Glickfeld Minie. (Fell as a partisan) and Her sister. Grazhevsky Velvol, Zlate, Shmuel (fell in Forest) and Hannah. Gelman Katriel, his wife and their children Fayvel, Deborah and Samuel. Gelman Kashke (Sonies). Gelman Moses, his son and daughter, Goldinberg Frarl. Goldinerg Solomon, his wife Betty and daughter Alia, Goldinberg Motie, his wife Birds, Gershon the butcher, his wife and children Burl, wel- WL, Aaron, and Yah, Grinkowski felt and her children. Grinkowski Burl and his family. Grchuk lovely and her sons. Grchuk waist and his wife (died in Kletsk), Grchuk Mendel and his wife Gize. Gratchuk Burl. D Deikhovfki Benacham-Mendel, his wife Rachel-Leah. Deichovfki Yosef and his daughters Michle, Beyle And animal. Deikhovfki Yankel, wife and daughter, Abraham, his wife, and his children, Theme Sarah - Beautiful Mother., Deikhovsky Joseph Ben-Dov, his wife Rachel and children, Derechinsky the teacher, wife and children. Sepo Darzain Dubovsky Abraham, his wife Hannah and their children The Sarah and Shimei. Duminchik, the mother and her daughters Queen and Sense, Dvaretsky Hirschl, his wife Khaya (from home field- Husband) and child, Dvoretsky Yankel, wife and children. Dambravsky Shlomo-Mordechai, his wife Badane and Their sons David (performed during the attack on Rechin), Judah and Simon. Dlugolansky Favel of Colonies (Sirotes orphan) And his wife, Dlugolansky Aaron (column), his wife Itke and 2 children, Dlogalansky Yosef (Kalane), his wife Lah'che And their lovely children Esther, Solomon, Moses And Rebecca. Dugalansky Joel, his wife Sarah-Beyle and daughter-in-law Ter, The silent reamer and woman. Davidovich Gitl. E Horowitz Alter and his wife Hash. Horowitz Simcha, his wife Henie and children. Getzli Goetzl, the farmer, and his family. Rebekah, Weissenberg etl, Itzl's wife, and child Mashele. Vynikov Hinde and others, Vinnikov Hasha and her children. Wolman and his wife Kashke. Walitsky and his wife. Walitsky Eli-Haim, his wife Tamare and children, Walitsky Hillel. Vilenchik Motie and his wife Babche. Walitsky Leibe, his wife Gishe. Vilenchik Akhrmil, Vansover, his wife and children. Walitsky generation. Vilenchik Moshe, son of Binyamin-Haim. Valansky Moses, his wife Love and daughter Birds. Weinstein Samuel, Weinstein Zelig, his wife Cherne and theirs Children, Weinstein Chaim, his wife Elke and their children, Weinstein Jankel, his wife Gneshe and children Moses, Itke and Leibel. 591 Weinstein Malka (daughter of Rabbi Bakalchuk), Vinyatsky lion, his wife Rive and son Chaim. Wolfowitz Baruch, Beilke, Herschel. Vinikov Dina, her husband and children, P Zlatagure Herschel, his wife and children. Zlatagure Abraham, his wife and children, Zalatnitsky Itzl, his wife Gossip, and children, Wellwell and Beast-Sarah. Zalatnitsky Henich, Mirke and Israel. Zalatnicki Rauchen, Zalotnitsky aged with 2 sons. Zakharevich Leiche and his daughter. Zakharevich Gold-Birds. Zelkin, the parent, Rive and 2 children. Zelkin Hinde and her husband. Zelikovich Musha, her husband and 2 children. Zilberman Aizik, his wife Hodel, Zhimelevich Meir, Elder and the Daughters Dobe, Esther, Love, H Haniak Yechiel, Chaya, Bella and Feige (from Astra- Lanka), Hananiah the tailor, his wife Queen and daughter, Khmelnytsky, from the house of Wolfowitz, with her Children. Hatzek - The Whole Family (Refugees), T Tobolsky Moshe, the cantor, his wife Rebecca Kin) and their children, Chernitska Beile-Hane. Chernitsky Simon, his wife Esther (Shelkovich) And their children, Hush and Fairy, Chernitsky, Beyle Hanes' sister-in-law, and her Children Simon, Herschel, Solomon. י Yalovsky Liove, his wife, Hyenas, and theirs Children. Yelin David, wife and children. C Cohen Chaim-Welwell (Column) his wife and children Shalom-Yankel and Moshe. 292 Cohen Nissan (column), his wife Masha, his sons Isaac and Aaron and 2 daughters. L Labzowski Beast, her daughters Hash and Sonia. Labzowski Shmuel (Labedrig). Labzowski Zelig, the butcher, his son and cord. Labzowski Mirl and her parents. Lantsevitsky couple, 2 daughters and son. Lifshovich Bashke and her daughters Khuva, Teibel (Fallen in the forest), Chaim Joshua (also ge- Fallen) Elijah-elik - murdered by the Poles after war, Lifshovich David, his wife, Hanke. Lipshovich Noah, his wife and 4 children. Lifshovitch Abraham. Lifshovich Musha, husband and children. Lifshovitch Motie and family, Lonsky Nehama, Lantsevitsky Moshe, Mirl, Gershon, Tuvia. Lantsevitsky Hill, son and daughter, Lantsevitsky Itche, wife and 8 children, Lantsevitsky welfare and family. Lantsevitsky life and family. Lantsevitsky Laser and Family. Lantsevitsky Schmerl and family Lakhsovsky Hinde. Labzowski Lazer, his wife Rachel-Beyle, Sime his Sister Listen Learn. Labzovsky Gershon and 2 daughters, Levitt (Vaganchik) Lev Mere. Lev Haim and Family. Lev Karpel, his wife Hishke and children Israel (Fell as a partisan), Babel, Basha. Lev Jonah, his wife Feiga-beast, and children, son And daughters: Sheindel, Judith and Brain. Lev Mindl and daughter Beyle, Lev Zalman, wife and child. Levin Leibe, his wife Tamara and children Zalman, Hannah, Lev Avraham-Shmuel, his wife Sarah Hinde. Lev Yekelim, his wife Birds and 5 children, Lev Lazer, wife and daughter, Lev Aaron, his wife Mattle and 3 children. Very Daughter Friede and her husband Michael, Lvovich Karpl, his wife, Mashke, and their children Esther, Ita-Leah, Love, David, Kalman, Peace, Evil And Basha-Minke, Lev Yankel and family, Laser the Rhyme and Family, Duchamp Book Lifshovich Dabke with her 5 children. Leopard Isser, his wife Masha (Alfer), very Son of Nahum. Leopard Joshua and Lazarus. Landau, his wife, of Derheim Weinstein and Daughter Masha. Ri lion, a raft. Lusky Sarah, her child (Halinka). Lidkovfki Klmn, his wife Bryne and girl. M Miller Kapl, his wife and children. Miller Nisl, fell as a partisan. Miller Mishike, wife and children, Monkevich with her 3 sons and 2 daughters. Manikov consolation (fallen in forest). Manikov Sasha, his wife Friede and children. Moshe Issachar and family. Miedvietsky and her children. Mishkin Yosef, his daughter Khaya. Mishkin Moshe, his wife Sania and their children. Mishkin Shmuel, his wife Esther and 3 children, Miller Isaac (column) his wife Hannah, their Children Yekutiel, Shmuel, Tzirl, Chaya-Sarah, Gutke and sulke. Molchadsky Shalom, his wife Esther and children Minche, Samuel and Tzemach, N Nazhnitsky = Hershel-Chaim, his wife Tamara and Children Judith, Rachel, Minia, Moshe (Zeidel), The poor, Naznitsky. Baron. Nazhnitsky Shefa, his wife Khayashra, the daughters: Judith, Etel and her husband, Beile and the son Yodel, Giegeniewicz Joshua. Nitngiewiczky Samuel, his wife Elke. Sarah and her husband, Naznitsky, Nazhnitsky Hananykel, his wife Hannah and daughters Moses and Leah. M Sabol Joshua, his wife Tsirl and 3 children, Savitsky Elke, her daughters Leah and Reshe. Savitsky Sarah, a lonely woman (the "aunt" Sarah). Slonimski Aharon, Zeidl the Hasid, his wife Chaya And daughters, Hannah-Esther and Zelda, Stufak Solomon, the wife Love, a daughter Freidel (Left). Palutsky Israel, wife and children. King King, wife and child, Sucker Yankel, his wife Lovely (from House Lunsky). Sert Darzain Sugar, Burl's wife and 2 children, Sucker Leah, Fedletsky Laser, his wife Leah, son Abraham and After children, Sedletsky Joshua, his wife Raya, Fkrahun Alter, his wife Esther and son Asher. Spector Beast (Miller's wife). Spector Zalman and wife, Sir Aaron, his wife Tzipe. Sirote Nahum, his wife Leah. (The last 4 families --- from Colonel). Sirote Israel, his wife Gossip. Stokalski Lazer, his wife Khaya. Stukalski Cherne (needle). Sukenik of Famiatich the whole family - Parents, Children: Beast (Kalinke), Minie, Gneshe, Chick Listen Learn. Edelstein Gedlihu, his wife Cherne (Kwiatis Sister). Eidelstein Aizik, his children Sheindel, Rivka, Life, Epstein Sholem, his wife Sarah and 6 children, Elovich Shprinze, her children Chaim, Elke, Leib- Aryeh and grandchildren Shalom and Rachel. פֹ Pen Hinde. Feder James-Meyer, Fintelevich Itche, his wife Cherne and Kig- Esther and Mirl. Petrochovich Joseph, Ephraim and Gisha (children of Neche and Michal Iblha). Pufka Masha ;, husband and children. Petrakhovich Peshe-Shirl, husband and children. Feldman Menachem-Mendel (took his own life), His wife Peshe. Feldman Hirsch and children, Fink Chaya On Natan, Friedman Zelig, his wife Rachel, and daughter Hannah- Animal. Palachek DBber and wife, Paretzky Shmuel (The Labzover). Ferder Hanna-Itke (Azef) Ferder Abraham, fallen in the forest. Ferder Mashhika, his wife Birds and children Gneshe, Abraham, David, Zelig. Ferder Hirschl, his wife and children Tsirl, Sarah, Moshe, Hillel. Fox, his wife Sania with the children, Petrovich Leib, his wife Sarah and children Cherne and Abraham, Cherne's children: Carpel, Bashe, lovely. 293 Petrakhovich Moshe-David. Petrakhovich Abraham, his wife Fairy and 3 children, Fleetnik Avrahamil and his family, Fleet Chaim, his wife Tamara and son Faybel. Falanski and Family (Halinka), K Kalakovki Naftali, his wife Hanna-Galde, daughters Wife and son-in-law and son Isaac. Kulakowski Shlomo, wife of Pnina and Kind. Karalitsky Ephraim, wife Bluma and children king And another 2, Quint Gishe and her children Birds, Richke and Herschel, Karakatsky Rybche. Kreslansky Gershon and Love. Kreslansky animal and sun plant, Kreplansky Yodel and Bluma. Quintowski Shyme, wife and son. Kostin Abraham-Chaim, his wife Leah, daughter Esther, Kostin Moshe and wife, Kastelansky Moshe. Kastelansky Hanna "Peshe" and her husband, Kastelansky Henich and his family. Kastelansky Blessed and Family. Kabrinski R. Leib, his wife Rebecca, daughter and And son of Israel, Karin Yankel, his wife Hannah, daughter Cherne and Son Isaac. Karin Basha (Glinkowski) and Child, Quiet Itke and Welwell. Quiet Reuben and Rebecca. Katlarsky Rive with her children (Halinke). Krimalowski's family. Cornflower, the farmer, his wife. His daughter Babche and her husband Abraham. Colonial Jews: Kresnovsky David, Sarah, Cherne. Kresnavfki joy, wife table and daughter. Kresnovsky Beyle, Sarah Rive, Kresnovsky Hanan, wife Pearl and 2 sons. Kresnovsky aria his wife lovely and children Aaron, Leah. Kresnovsky Joy, (fell in forest as pre- Tizan), Kresnovsky Bunie, Sule, Hatzkel, Itche and Itke. Kaganovich, Joseph, his wife Masha and children Nissan, Zalman, Sime and Perl. Kazhevitsky life, wife Sania, children genius and Nach. 294 Klimovitsky Jonas, his wife Leah and children Yosele and Michal, Karakatsky Jacob, his wife and children. R Rabinovich Zam, Felie, Rabinovim Yosef, his wife Miriam and children: Shlomo, Hannah-Sarah. Rabinovich Esther, her husband Gelman and daughter Hannah-Sarah. Rabinovich Moshe. Reznik Israel. Ratner Zalman, his wife Cherne, their children Rebecca and Label. Ratna Amigdor and wife, Radinstein Shlomo, his sons Eli-Chaim and Shmuel, Radinstein is Jewish. Rothstein Sampan (Simon), Mrs. Noble, children Joshua and Moses. Rosenberg Mirl (Lazer's mother), Rakhilievsky finie and family. Radenstein (Rivches orphan), wife and children. Rachilevsky Shmuel, Risky body, wife and 3 children. Rizikov Chaim, wife Esther and children, Rosenberg Finie (the book) and wife. Rachilevsky Hatzkel and wife. Rabinovich Yache (Chaim's wife) and children Etl, Moshe on Eliyahu. Rudavpki Malka, her husband and children. ש Shelkovich Samuel, his wife Hannah and children Leibel, Zlata, Ben-Zion. Shelkovich Muse and Yahake, 1 Shelkovich Elijah, wife, flower and daughters: Beast, foal and etl. Shelkovich Samuel, the barber, Mrs. Reha-Beyle And children, Shelkovich Burl, Velvel, Jacob and Aaron. Sarah the Countess. Shapiro Joseph, wife of Rachel, children of Israel, Sania, Love, Book Thirty Shapiro Shlomo and the family. Shelovsky Itche, wife Rachel, children Shlomo (Sia " Me), Avigdor (Vitye), Sime and Birds. Shalovsky Yodel, Mrs. Matilde. Sheflan Isaac, wife Rive and children Sasha, Emma And Gala, Schneider Michal, wife and daughter Rishke. Shmulevich Beilke and daughter Paie. Shelkovich Rachel-Love. Shelkovich Joshua and Family, Shelkovich Israel, Sarah his wife and 2 children. Shelkovich age, wife Malka and 3 children, Shelkovich Leibke, Mrs. Golde-Beyle and Kib- The Etl, Malka, Velvel, Chaim (fell by Attack on Derechin). Shimelevich Shimon, his wife Sarah (honestly- Ter) and children, Shepeshelevich John, wife, Hannah, children Hanie, Moses and another, Shefeshelevich Reuben, wife Phebe and children Mishike, Eske, and Deborah. Shefeshelevich Shmuel, wife of Faye and children, Shefeshelevich Joshua and Family, Shcheransky Hava, daughter of Genie and family, Daughter Cherne and family; The son Simon. Shcheranfki Ya'akom, wife Hava and children Naftali, Phebe, Zelig, Sania, Esther, Love. Zernitsky Jacob, his wife Itke, Zernitsky David-Hersh, his wife Rachel, Zhergitsky Yafel, their lovely wife and children, Stein-Rabinovich Rebecca and children Aryeh, instrument, Attia (perished in Slonim). Many hundreds of names are missing from the list The perished from Derechin, Halinke and Kalane And refugees who were murdered on A bestial way by the Nazi animals and Their helpers, their names have been forgotten Happened by time, but the figures stand Still before the eyes. HiD, Table of Contents: Contents: At the beginning of the book - Y. Rabban Foreword to the book - y. Rabban A silent Kaddish - a. K. Pen To the Derechiner in America --- Queen Alper At the time of publication of the book - David Rabinovich Zil Dartsien within its surroundings --- Map Derechin in her area - Map There used to be a town - Was once a small town Derechin of yesteryear - Chaim Rabinovich They exalted the name of Darzen - H.C. Miller-Sinai My grandfather on the rabbinical throne in Darchen - Eliyahu Haranzon Derechin from My Childhood Years --- Shlomo Yudson Three stories of former Derechin By Shlomo Judson: 1. Fear - 2 Lycoyahma 3 Orders Order - The Chinese Colony --- Haim-Zvi Miller-Sinai I heard from my mother --- beautiful proseball At the beginning of the twentieth century - At the beginning of the 20th century - = In the days of change - Yaakov Kobrinsky A Torah scroll - Penny Boerman-pen Teachers, teachers and educators - Malka Alfer Our town at the beginning of the century - Naftali Boydav Education, Bund, Self-Defense --- Chaim Rabinovich Sent to Derechin - Ray Raskin Stormy years --- Joe Silkovich Once upon a time ... --- Fige-Leah Abramovich Memories of Tatn's pub - d. Kress-Beckenstein Bitter and bitter memories - Nahum Bliss-Bliznansky Yiddish until the last breath - Moshe Kwiat Those pious, decent Jews - Esther Nissenbaum-Briker A Night-Trip with Diligence - Queen Alper A teacher in Derechin - Hannah Navik Of joy the shopkeeper's will In the First World War - = In World War I - War and occupation years - Chaim Rabinovich In Jam of War - Queen Alper In the Yoke of the German Occupation - Jakub Rabinowitz The Food Committee - Matityahu Abelovich 10 13 14 16 17 19 42 45 8 h 8 8 8 2 h in 8 8 1 93 6 P 102 103 104 106 107 109 115 118 120 A restaurant for the needy --- Malka Alper War-chatted == m. A. Personalities and verbs Personalities - David Alper My brother David - Queen Alper Our Unforgettable Moreno --- Lisa Katz-Bialostutsky Beit Alper - David Rabinowitz David Alper, the educator and principal - who is a judge Whoever is not forgotten does not die - Naftali in Dov R. Chaim: Zvi Sinai-Miller The path of our father - Hemda and Israel Artzi Light radiating figure - Queen Alper My teacher and rabbi - Kalman Abramovich I was proud to call him, David "- Gustav Sharon Life for Gasky Hard childhood, hard life - Yaakov Rabinowitz Lansky in his town --- Malka Alpar A Poet in Pain - Joshua Gilboa The dreamy friends live --- David Rabinowitz Songs of Life Lansky: At My Grandfather's House Long letter There was a town .., Last generation - The last generation - I see her, the Darzein --- m. Isaacovich Our synagogues - Yaakov Rabinowitz Derechin in Cainland --- Chaim Rabinovich In times of storm - Malka Alper Memories from those days - Yaakov Rabinowitz Jewish-Polish cuisine - m. A. Sowing and harvesting --- Shraga-Fayvel Einstein Between Zion and Revolution - Queen Alper After revolutions and riots - Moshe Shedeltsky Homes Culture School --- by a group of students My father, the last rabbi of Derechin - Meir Bakalchuk The Holy Rabbi the Gaon in Kalchuk ztl --- Rabbi H.H. Greenberg The Yavneh School --- Neche Petrukhovich Betar and Tzahar in our town --- m. In Klatsiuk, a. Beckenstein, K.. Abramovich In the service of the Darchin Jewish community --- Eliyahu Harenson , Visiting Patients "On, Accommodation of Justice" - N. Petrukhovich Our town for years. Thirty - Forbidden Heart Hatred of Israel on the eve of destruction - m. Alper 12 122 123 125 1266 17 128 129 10 131 132 132 133 135 139 141 14 148 148 18 151 151 152 156 158 162 163 16 169 14 178 182 184 187 193 198 199 199 Memories This is how we lived in our town - Khaya Kreslansky My grandfather et al - Tsirl Kamenetzky By the Bolsheviks - Matityahu Abelevich Buds of C.S. In Darzain - Naftali in Boydav The pioneer branch at the beginning - Haim Rabinowitz The late grandparents - Dov Granovsky Holy Saturday at Abba's house - Sarah Besvitsalonimsky Good days and terrible days - Malka Alper How can this be forgotten --- Deborah Schmit-Shelkovich My hometown Derechin - Sheindel Vilenchik My grandmother and my grandfather - Sarah Teichman-Levinger Home Songs - Moshe Cohen (Minkowitz) Holiday in Shtetl --- Khaya Beckenstein-Pilzer My husband's family - Neche Petrukhovich The father of the scholar and the industrious --- Shimon Abramovich This is how I said goodbye to my house --- Miriam Pechersky-Slonimsky And so we came to Israel - Esther Dlogolansky My last Saturday in Derechin - Shaul Gorinowski Halinke my shtetl - mine librarians 21 203 5 8 21 212 22 23 285 26 27 28 20 21 222 223 24 225 28 A shtetl razegation, without a bus --- Khaya Beknstein -filzer 228 A comic pass --- shingle comedian A Bible author - Meir Ziskind A fire in the town - Leah Eliovich-Yatwitzky I met my first teacher - Rachel Alper My family that perished - Shoshana Spira-Nozgitsky There's no more derechin --- Dora Birnbaum-Rachstein A visit to my hometown - Ruhama Ziskind "-Abelovich I was a witness in a false-plot trial --- Leah Schlechter-Shapira My brother Leibe - Leah Eliovich-Yatvitsky Beit Avi B, Shulhoif "- Lisa Katz-Bialostutsky The Pain of Memories --- Rebecca Saglowitz-Daykhovsky Destruction - = Location - My town Derechin - Katie Khlebnik "Bialostotsky This is how the Jewish community in Derechin perished - Masha and Abraham-Hirsch Kulakowski The fate of the Feldman family - Rachel Efrat-Feldman The Germans arrived - Sarah Wachler-Agulnik From "Sakron" into the woods --- Yehudit Yankelevich-Lantsevitsky Barely alive out in the woods - pure fine silver We were slaves. Rich How Tsipel Beckenstein took his life --- Phebe fine silver I was a refugee in the tortured Darzain - Shmuel Bornstein Escape from the massacre - Gutke Bayarsky-Salutsky From Death-Pit appeared --- Muse Novitsky-Grachuk The destruction of Beit Yisrael in Derechin - Sh. Niger Listen Learn The Bloody Ten - Cyril Kamenetzky-Friedman From the Memoirs of a Refugee - Y. Krimolovsky The fate of my family --- Haya Levin 'Glicksfeld 28 20 232 233 24 235 27 29 20 241 242 263 Pizza 59 8 a 67 M 8 8 A 8 8 T 8 During the massacre - Katie Khlebnik-Bialostotsky That's how I survived the day of the massacre - Sarah and Keller-Agolnik Left alone - Abraham Isaac Medvetsky The end of Halinka --- mine librarian Trouble, Pain, and Death --- Yekutiel Khmelnytsky I remained one of my own language --- Chaya Einstein-Esterowitz My eyes saw it all — Neche Petrukhovich To the Gore World - Regina Rabinovich To the whole world - Regina Rabinowitz In the forests - In the woods - Two years in Partizanke - Masha and Abraham-Hirsch Kulakowski The only demand - take revenge - Yekutiel Khmelnytsky Hunger and famine in the forest --- Tsirl Kamenetzky-Friedman Dr. Ezekiel Atlas, The Partisan Physician - Dr. J. Rakover With Dretsin fighters in the forest - Shmuel Bornstein Lost the whole family in the woods - Gutke Salutsky-Bayarsky Saved himself with the children - instrument Azaf In the Partisan Squadron --- Yehudit Yankelevich-Lantsevitsky Two of the whole family - Moshe Kwiat We survived a horror trap - Masha Kolkowski My life in the woods - Beast Beckenstein-Pilzer In the woods with his brother - Muse Gratchuk-Novitsky Anti-Semitism in the Forest - Moshe Kwiat With the Partisans --- Abraham-Isaac Medvetsky My sister Rouge falls in the woods = - Katie Khlebnik-Bialostotsky Dream of Zion in the Thick of the Forests - Masha Kolkowski Who fell and were rehabilitated by them Wandering - On Wander Roads - Taken aback by the storm --- Meir Bakalchuk From the Stranger to the Homeland --- Rebecca Becker I was uprooted from the rabbinical customs in Sinaisk --- Rabbi Y. Kaplinsky On the swords On the ruins - Back in Derechin - Sarah Wachler-Agulnik There's nowhere to turn --- Beast Beckenstein-Pilzer On the ruins of childhood dreams - Masha Kolkowski From forest graves to brothers' graves - Malka Bulkovstein A kosher Pesach among the ruins --- Nechama Petrukhovich Across Destroyed Streets and Alley --- Meir Bakalchuk Benny Dratzien in America == Derechiner in America The Founding of the Derechiner Society "--- Joe Sulkovich The work of the Derechiner Relief Committee in New York - A. K. Pen 295 298 30 30 30 307 308 30 312 215 31 326 333 30 34 352 356 257 359 6 369 370 311 313 344 281 383 392 394 397 399 403 44 405 205 409 21 44 In memory of our neighbor Nate Bliss - Joe Silkovich 48 Derechiner in America - David Rabinovich 40 The late Sarah Slotnik-Janouski - Queen Alper 423 Her son Meir p. 43 Doctors in Israel - Derechiner in Israel 425 Derechiner's Relief Work in Palestine - Queen Alper 427 From Sinai - to Eretz Israel - Esther Dlogolansky 40 Yaakov Isaacovich, Crazy for Chess "" Among the Blind --- Moshe Gutter 431 What I learned from my mother - Yitzchak and Keller 432 In memory of the missing Darsan 433 Remarks in memory of the late David Rabinowitz - Kalman Lichtenstein 233 Father his memory for blessing - Ilan Rabinowitz 434 Elka Liechtenstein - Malka Alpr 435 For the anniversary - Miriam Mazikant 48 Elka nee Daihovsky --- David Rabinowitz 46 To mark the figure of the late Hava Scherer, 437 For the character of my late mother - Hemda Artzi 438 In memory of my late mother Shoshana Gutman - Israel Gilour 438 For the character of my mother Dina Levitin - Naomi Mizrahi 439 The late Israel Dror-Dretsinski 40 His home in town --- Malka Alper 40 To his character --- David Gottesforcht: 41 Hanan Abelovitch zl - M.A. 42 In memory of Yerachmiel Edelstein - Dov Gornovsky 442 The late Yerachmiel Edelstein - Malka Alper 46 The late Isser Lev - Meir Bakalchuk 44 Rachel Eichenbaum-Volansky - 44 Shimon Lusky Zell - m. A. 25 In memory of Mordechai Zolotkovsky --- a. Bizman 485 The late Zeev Agolnik - M. B. 46 The late Moshe Isaacovich - Y. Isaacovich 46 Laser Rosenberg 446 Our sister Rachel = - Malka Alper B. She had many faces for Rachel - Amiram 48 With the memory of Rachel Alper --- Meir in Kalchuk 449 Rachel, daughter of Darzein - Y. Rabban 0 Liave Greenwald zl - 21 Nachman Goldinberg zl - 21 The late Alter Lobzowski - 41 Memory pages Souvenir Pages - = 53 Revenge of a Little Boy 255 Commemorative Pages 6--488 Saints of the Drzein Congregation 49 --- 494 To the reader's attention: out of the typographical errors we have chosen to correct only the distortions of the names, and they are: p. 104, column A, Line 6 from below, written Goldberg, Cree: Goldenberg; On page 118, below the picture, is written Emanuel, Cree: AS Amiel; p. 194, column B, line 1, written by R 'Moshe, cree R' Yoshe; p. 195, column B, line 3 from above, written Zambrowski, ie: Dembrowski. 108? 04/0256 186 Mazsee. 6 MSMT KMZMUP 118 564 MSNMSHI 8/1216 28110081 106 085 14 {ET? M 6S 1604 TETT? Ets 0 kevmtmzmsss 186 '.10511011005 0110 TCN 6M8 811168K 201111081N, 6106015SH 100M + TSE 01 1088868 1600158, 106 16 // 060160 50 תסנמש 166815 62182016066 186 64061160066 .SXET 1 00601121 806 VES! 1085 Emmer 106 Mo 18966 K / T 1061610 C 10 MST 9 E 8 K 186 10 146 E 148 T 814651 SER 5 T 11510118 406 211 TSM 000111064 15 1015 .1000649 TTM 14821 106/888105 868006 T 76 FM 80 16 ES 615018966 1111 K 5 2 U 11806 106/0000416981 .81 / 08816 8158 16 +0 / U 106 G 01 E 1 2826 16061066 2264 ES 10 66008110 22110021 106 MZSE? 81610/166 Matts} Etts .2 p1: 6660 226 58178110/0? 8116 118 806 60016 K 1061 G 11 E 1169 00166 E-6660 A .2211168 206 1101008051 106 01 6835 106 5106 IT 2006 0806 FEGSTS 04 8001468 6 848/88106 10 818: 164 11186 6 ET 8106 288866 2150 ST 8 M 8 E 8 SETS 0181 T86 .1851 {6889 Theme No. 6T 2041 85 14 .2001 1015 01 108161181 106 264 882 T 1181/1, M3 M 12061610 106? 0 1061106/8 106 10 2004 1018? 0568 Ekm Ssh 25 Estt 11: 011/01 186 8218010446 GNE 80200016686 CE, 011165 TMZ 00S: 14010018-8128151 41: 661685817 66 e 18000 smtt, / 20106 218118, 611081 e 10 206 1151 --- 661401181-51811 116 04 8510006108 086 Ti, M 280100110 1180; 250601 Campompo 1 Metc 106 04 10180126 186 211 mg 6 8 Tt 2282810/2461; Mashs! 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